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Culture of Hyderabad

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Charminar

Culture of Hyderabad also known as Deccani tehzeeb,[1] is the traditional cultural lifestyle of the Hyderabadi Muslims, and characterizes distinct linguistic and cultural traditions of North and South India, which meet and mingle in the city and erstwhile kingdom.[2] This blending was the result of the geographic location of the region and the variety of historical dynasties that ruled the city across different periods—its inception by the Qutub Shahi dynasty in 1591 AD, the occupation by the Mughal Empire and its decline, and the patronage under the Asaf Jahi dynasty. Hyderabadis, as residents of the city are known, have developed a distinctive culture which is a mixture of Hindu and Muslim traditions. A typical Hyderabadi could be either a Telugu or a Urdu speaking person.[3] The traditional Hyderabadi garb is Sherwani and Kurta Paijama for men,[4] Khara Dupatta and Salwar kameez for women.[5][6] Burqa and Hijab is commonly practised among the Muslim women in public.[7] Most of the youth wear western clothing.[8] Public carnivals celebrated in Hyderabad include the Ganesh Chaturthi,[9] Bonalu,[10] Eid ul-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.[11]

The Capital

Hyderabad city as the former capital of Hyderabad State had received the royal patronage for arts, literature and architecture by the former rulers, also attracting men of letters and arts from different parts of the world to get settled in the city. Such multi-ethnic settlements popularised multi cultural events such as Mushairas, literary and stage drama.[12] Besides the popularity of Western and other Indian popular musics such as the filmi music, the residents of Hyderabad play city based Marfa Music which had become an integral part of every event.[13][14] The Osmania University and University of Hyderabad offers Masters and Doctoral (PhD) level programs in classical languages, modern languages, dance, theatre arts, painting, fine art and communication.[15][16] The Ravindra Bharati, Shilpakala Vedika and Lalithakala Thoranam are well-known auditoria for theatre and performing arts in the city.[17] The modern Hyderabad International Convention Centre (HICC), also known as HITEX, constructed with the cost of ₹3 billion has become well known venue address internationally.[18] The Hyderabad Literary Festival, held since 2010, is an annual event which showcases the city's literary and cultural aspects.[19] In the year 2010, the first ever International Congress of Mathematicians was organised in the city.[20] Other cultural events include annual Numaish and literary festival for promoting regional Indian literature.[21] Some of the nationally and internationally acclaimed cultural representatives from the city are Sarojini Naidu, Amjad Hyderabadi, M F Hussain,[22] Talat Aziz, Harsha Bhogle, Sharmila Tagore, Vithal Rao, Shaik Dawood Khan, Janardhan Mitta and Rashid Ali.

A Bidriware of the 18th century, displayed at Musée du Louvre

Culture

Hyderabad is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions which are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. The first of these to be established was the AP State Archaeology Museum (former name Hyderabad Museum) in 1930.[23] The other important museums including, the Salar Jung Museum which houses "The world's largest one man collection".[24] The Nizam Museum, the City Museum,[25] and the Birla Science Museum which also comprises a planetarium.[26]
Deccani style painting originated in the 16th century in and around Hyderabad, contains an insightful native style with the blend of foreign techniques and had a similarity of neighbouring Vijayanagara paintings. The highly use of luminous, gold and white colours are generally found in Deccani paintings. Due to the Islamic influence in the sultanate the Deccani paintings are mostly of nature with the background of floral and fauna, and the major use of regional landscape are reflected commonly with regional culture, some of the Deccani paintings present the historical events of the region.[27][28]

Literature

The Qutb Shahs are regarded as the great patrons of Telugu,farsi and Urdu language. The region saw a growth of Deccani Urdu literature, the Deccani Masnavi and Diwan composed during those periods are among the earliest available manuscripts in the Urdu language. The literary work of this region is influenced with the regional Marathi, Telugu, and Kannada in parallel with Arabic and Persian including the adoption of poetic meters and a great quantity of renovated words.[29] The period of Nizams saw a growth of literary growth since after the printing was invented in Hyderabad, In 1824 AD, the first collection of Urdu Ghazals named Gulzar-e-Mahlaqa (Mahlaqa's garden of flowers) written by Mah Laqa Bai, was printed and published from Hyderabad.[30] The region of Nizam VII saw many reforms in literary work, first time in history the Nizams introduced Urdu as a language of court, administration and education, along with regional many scholars and poets (Shibli Nomani, Dagh Dehlvi, Fani, Josh Etc.) make Hyderabad their home, that grew and brought reforms in the literary and poetry work.[31] Since after Indian Independence, the organisation that are working for the development of the literary work are Sahitya Akedamy (to promote both Telugu and Urdu in Telangana), Urdu Academy, Telugu Academy, National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language, The Comparative Literature Association of India and Andhra Saraswata Parishad (Former name; Nizam Rashtria Andhra Saraswata Parishad). Along with native languages the city attracts many international languages scholars since after the establishment of English and Foreign Languages University (1972).[32] The State Central Library, Hyderabad (former name Asifia Kutubkhana) since 1891 is the biggest library of Telangana.[33] The other popular libraries in the city are the Sri Krishna Devaraya Andhra Bhasha Nilayam, the British Library[34] and the Sundarayya Vignana Kendram which also houses Urdu research center's collection.[35][36][37]

Dance, Theater and Drama

Since inception of Hyderabad, the nobles have a tradition of courtesans dance and poetry, which had led to a unique style of dance form in court dance in Hyderabad, the Taramati of the early 16th century and Mah Laqa Bai 18th century are some of the early courtesans who popularised Kathak dance and poetry culture in the early history of Hyderabad. Some of the dance festivals organised by the AP Government are; Golconda Music and Dance Festival, The Taramati Music Festival, The Premavathi Dance Festival.[30][38]

The residents of Hyderabad, in the past were not much trendy in theatre and drama, though artists like Baban Khan had been internationally recognised for their theatrical work.[39] It was in the last few decades that the Department of Culture and the Theatre Development Department of Andhra Pradesh Government had applied efforts to promote the art of theatre with multiple programs and festivals.[40] The result of which that most of the youths have been evolved in the theatre art and drama and it is gaining popularity among the residents.[41]

Films

Film-making in Hyderabad was started in early 1917 by Lotus film Co during the Nizams era.[42] The city is home to the Telugu film industry, popularly known as Tollywood,[43] the second largest in India after Bollywood.[44] Since 2005, parallel to Tollywood and Bollywood the city base Hyderabad lingo movies initiated by "Hyderabad Deccan Film Club" had gained popularity in the region.[45] Annually the city host, "International Children Film Festival",[46] and since 2007, the city has hosted the Hyderabad International Film Festival (HIFF),[47] The Prasad IMAX Theaters houses the world's largest IMAX-3D,[48] In the year 2005, the Guinness World Records declared, The Ramoji Film City located in Hyderabad since 1996, as the world's largest film studio.[49]

Handicraft

A Fine art metal handicraft Bidri ware (the skills and techniques which came from Middle East to India during the 14th century), was popularised in Hyderabad during Asif Jahi region in the 18th century. Today the production of Bidriware in Hyderabad and neighbouring Bidar accounts highest in India. The Bidri ware is an Geographical Indication (GI) awarded craft of India.[50] The Kalamkari, a fine art of Handicraft (originated in Machilipatnam 3000 year ago is a Handicraft of Andhra Pradesh) is also popular in the city.[51]

Nizamia General Hospital, Asif Jahi Architecture

Architecture

A distinct Indo-Islamic architecture style with local contribution is reflected in Hyderabad buildings, making it the first and "Best Heritage City of India" as of March 2012.[52] The Qutb Shahi architecture since the 15th century, manifested itself in colossal arches found in Charminar, Mecca Masjid and Charkaman. Qutub Shahi's built with massive granite walls using granite and lime mortar as the chief ingredients. Later from 17th century Asif Jahi architecture emerged with palatial style outweighed secular construction, Osman Ali Khan, the Nizam VII, is called as the maker of modern Hyderabad. The buildings constructed during his reign are impressive and represent a rich variety of architecture. The structures such as the Osmania University, Osmania General Hospital and High Court are designed and constructed in the styles of medieval and the Mughal architecture. The Nizam's, applied the European styles in some of the constructions such as Falaknuma and King Kothi Palaces.[13][53] The city houses many famous historical sites constructed during Qutb Shahi and Asif Jahi period, including the Golconda, Chowmahalla Palace, Purani Haveli, Telangana Legislature and others.[54]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Deccani tehzeeb is history". The Times of India. 16 December 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  2. ^ "Hyderabad through the eyes of a voyager". The Times of India. 24 July 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
  3. ^ "Languages". Government of Andhra Pradesh. 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  4. ^ "Alkesh and Saranya's engagement do". The Times of India. 21 June 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  5. ^ Karen Isaksen Leonard (2007). Locating home: India's Hyderabadis abroad. Stanford University Press. pp. 14 and 248–255. ISBN 978-0-8047-5442-2.
  6. ^ "Ramzan shopping reaches peak". The Hindu. 2 September 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
    • "Retro chic". The Hindu. 17 November 2004. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  7. ^ "Burqa sale on the rise in Old City". The Times of India. 28 December 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  8. ^ "Efforts should be made to preserve traditional wear". The Hindu. 23 March 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  9. ^ "Tight security for Ganesh festival in Hyderabad". Sify. 11 September 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  10. ^ "Bonalu celebrated with great fervour in city". CNN-IBN. 27 July 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  11. ^ "Gaiety marks Id-ul-Fitr celebrations". The Hindu. 15 November 2004. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  12. ^ "Anjuman Muhibban-e-Urdu to hold International Mushaira". The Siasat Daily. 13 April 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  13. ^ a b George Michell (1987). The New Cambridge History of India, Volumes 1–7. Cambridge University Press. pp. 218–219. ISBN 0-521-56321-6.
  14. ^ "US Consul General floored by Arabi daf". The Hindu. 1 December 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2012.
  15. ^ "Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication". uohyd.ac.in. 27 October 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  16. ^ "Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology". osmania.ac.in. 2008. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  17. ^ "Ravindra Bharathi to be closed for renovation from 1 August". The Hindu. 3 July 2005. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  18. ^ "Rs 300 cr convention centre ready for inauguration in Hyderabad". Rediff. 28 December 2005. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  19. ^ "Celebrating creativity". Hyderabad Literary Festival 2012. 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  20. ^ "The IMU Prizes". icm2010.in. 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  21. ^ "Literary fest ends; local writers cry foul". The Times of India. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  22. ^ "Husain's special relationship with Hyderabad". Asian Age. India. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  23. ^ "A.P.State Museum, Hyderabad". National Informatics Centre. n.d. Archived from the original on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ "Partnership with the Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad". British Museum. n.d. Retrieved 13 April 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  25. ^ Menon, Aparna (16 May 2011). "Here's a treasure trove". The Hindu. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  26. ^ "Take another look". The Hindu. 16 January 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  27. ^ Deccani painting, britannica.com, 10 April 2012
  28. ^ Mark Zebrowski (1983). Deccani Painting. University of California Press. pp. 40–285. ISBN 0-85667-153-3.
  29. ^ Hussain Khan, Masud (1996). Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah, volume 216. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 50–77. ISBN 978-81-260-0233-7.
  30. ^ a b Susie, Tharu; K, Lalita (1991). Women writing in India volume 1, 600 BC to the Early Twentieth Century. The Feminist Press. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-55861-027-9. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  31. ^ Datta, Amaresh (2005). Encyclopaedia of Indian literature: Devraj to Jyoti, Volume 2. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 1260, 1746–1748. ISBN 978-81-260-1194-0.
  32. ^ Report of the working group on art and culture for XI five-year plan and proposals for XI five-year plan (2007–12) & annual plan (2007–08), Ministry of Culture (India), 2007, pp. 45–55, 205–211
  33. ^ "State Central Library to sport a grand look again". The Hindu. 6 August 2005. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  34. ^ "British Library turns 30". The Hindu. 28 October 2009. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  35. ^ "The Original Urdu Research Center (URC)". dsal.uchicago.edu. 29 September 2009. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  36. ^ "The Urdu Research Centre, Hyderabad:A Souveni" (PDF). Sundarayya Vignana Kendram. 10 June 2004. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  37. ^ "Analysis: HITEC City: The IT community of tomorrow?". CNN. 5 September 2000. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
  38. ^ "Doorway to culture in the name of Taramati". The Times of India. 28 December 2003. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  39. ^ Dabhole Kasabe, Nanda (30 January 2000). "After 10,000 record shows, curtains to come down on play". The Indian Express. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  40. ^ Srihari, Gudipoodi (15 April 2011). "Verse drama feast". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  41. ^ S.Kumar, Sandeep (19 January 2009). "Theatre is catching up in Hyderabad". The Hindu. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  42. ^ Vinayak Purohit (1988). Arts of Transitional India Twentieth Century. Popular Prakashan Pvt Ltd. pp. 950–951. ISBN 0-86132-138-3.
  43. ^ "Tollywood loses top slot". The Times of India. 22 August 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  44. ^ "Telugu film industry MoU with Motion Pictures Association of America". The Hindu. 23 March 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  45. ^ "New breed of Hyderabadi stars". The Times of India. 1 May 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  46. ^ "17th International Children's Film Fest starts in Hyderabad". IBN Live. 26 December 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  47. ^ "Fuelled by passion". The Hindu. 15 March 2007. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  48. ^ "World's largest 3D IMax to open in Hyderabad". Rediff.com. 10 June 2003. Retrieved 17 May 2010.
  49. ^ Largest film studio. Guinness World Records. 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  50. ^ "Proving their mettle in metal craft". The Times of India. 2 January 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  51. ^ "Kalamkari losing Islamic thread". The Times of India. 20 January 2012. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  52. ^ "Heritage award for Hyderabad raises many eyebrows". The Times of India. 2 March 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  53. ^ "Jubilee Hall a masterpiece of Asaf Jahi architecture". The Siasat Daily. 31 December 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  54. ^ "UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Culture Heritage Conservation". UNESCO. 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
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