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Edward Small

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For the Gambian politician, see Edward Francis Small.

Edward Small (born Edward Schmalheiser, February 1, 1891, Brooklyn, New York – January 25, 1977, Los Angeles, California) was a film producer from the late 1920s through 1970, who was enormously prolific over a fifty-year career. He is best known for the movies The Count of Monte Cristo (1934), The Man in the Iron Mask (1939), The Corsican Brothers (1941), Brewster's Millions (1945), Raw Deal (1948), Black Magic (1949), Witness for the Prosecution (1958) and Solomon and Sheba (1959).

Career

Small was the son of Jewish Austrian-born Philip Schmalheiser and Prussian-born Rose Lewin, and had three sisters and two brothers.[1] He began his career as a talent agent in New York City. In 1917, he moved his agency to Los Angeles. Among his acting clients was a young Hedda Hopper.[2] In the 1920s the Edward Small Company produced stage sketches.[3] He helped William Goetz get his start in the industry by recommending him for a job at Corinne Griffith.[4]

Asher Small Rogers

Small began producing films in the 1920s, when it became his full-time occupation. He formed the firm Asher, Small and Rogers, where he was a partner with Charles Rogers and E.M Asher.[5][6]

"Picture making is a youngster's game," he said in 1926. "When a man gets older he doesn't want to take a chance to try something new. And this business moves so fast that if you don't change your methods with every picture you're out of luck. In a few years I won't have a thing to do with the creative Afraid, I'll hire young men with plenty of nerve to handle that for me."[7]

He had much early success producing comedies. "Making a comedy requires far more care than is necessary for any other form of screen production because audiences are more exacting than in any other form of entertainment."[8]

In early 1928 Asher Small Rogers dissolved. However they then re-teamed and started producing films;[9] towards the end of the year they invested in a studio complex in Sherman Oaks.[10] Small then worked for a time at Columbia Pictures.

Reliance Pictures

In 1932, Small formed Reliance Pictures together with partner Harry M. Goetz. The new company was to be made with finance from Art Cinema, a subsidiary company of United Artists, in a deal brokered by Joseph Schenck. On the basis of this verbal commitment, Small and Goetz started pre production on three films. However when Schenck presented the deal to Art Cinema's board, it was turned down. An embarrassed Schenck decided personally put up half the cost of the three films, with the other half met by Small and Goetz. The films were I Cover the Waterfront (1933), Palooka (1934) and The Count of Monte Cristo (1934), which was a big hit.[11]

William Phipps then stepped in to provide financing in Schenck's place and Reliance made five more movies for United Artists over two years: Transatlantic Merry-Go-Round, Let 'Em Have It, Red Salute, The Melody Lingers On and Last of the Mohicans.

In 1935 Small announced plans to make a series of 4,000 feet films (i.e. short features) based on short stories and novelettes as an alternative to the double bill[12] but this did not seem to come to fruition.

RKO

After making The Last of the Mohicans, Small left United Artists and established himself as an associate producer at RKO in January 1936;[13] the studio bought out Reliance.[14][15] Small said he was motivated by the move to make larger budgeted movies, including Robber Barons (which became The Toast of New York), Son of Monte Cristo, Gunga Din and a series of Jack Oakie comedies. Small:

I intend to produce a different type of historical productions. There will be less of the awesomeness and less of the blind respect that has often marked the modern's approach to a historical character. Diamond Jim and The Story of Louis Pasteur are only the beginning. Napoleon, Marie Antoinette, and Mary of Scotland, contemplated, will be great steps in the direction of honesty. We have on our schedules the filming of the stories of Beau Brummell and Jim Fisk and we are contemplating a minimum of punch-pulling. Newsreels are telling the truth about people, showing them as they are. Feature pictures are going to do the same thing; they will make men and women out of celebrities.[16]

Small's time at RKO resulted in six pictures: The Bride Walks Out (1936), We Who Are About to Die (1937), Sea Devils (1937), New Faces of 1937 (1937), Super-Sleuth (1937) (with Jack Oakie) and The Toast of New York (1937). Some of these performed well but others were less successful, particularly the expensive The Toast of New York, which was RKO's biggest money losing picture of 1937. However he did sell the studio his rights to Gunga Din which he had purchased from the Rudyard Kipling estate in 1936 and became a big hit later on. (He made Son of Cristo later at United Artists and never produced a Beau Brummel film.) Small departed from RKO in 1938.[17]

Edward Small Productions

In January 1938 Small returned to United Artists with his own unit, Edward Small Productions, under a three-year deal to make six films a year.[18][19] The following year he announced plans to make seven films worth $5 million over the next 12 months.[20] Plans for some of these were delayed due to war[21] but he made most of them including one of his best known works, The Man in the Iron Mask (1939).

In 1940 Small stopped making movies for six months as he renegotiated his deal with United Artists. He spoke out against rising costs and the impact of the double bill on filmmakers.[22] He recommenced production in early 1941 with another popular swashbuckler, an adaptation of The Corsican Brothers.[23] He made five more movies for United Artists ending with Miss Annie Rooney then in March 1942 threatened to strike again due to unhappiness with his deal.[24]

Small and United Artists managed to come to terms and he produced a fresh series, including a series of farces such as Getting Georgie's Garter (1945). In June 1945 he announced a plan to make ten films worth $10 million but he could not come to terms with United Artists and ended up leaving the studio that year.[25]

In 1942 Small invested in the play Sweet Charity.[26] In 1944 Binnie Barnes sued Edward Small Productions claiming they had breached a promise to build her up into a star.[27]

Columbia and Eagle Lion

Edward Small made his next film for Universal International, Temptation (1946). He also produced The Return of Monte Cristo for Columbia, then in mid-1946 signed another deal with United Artists.[28][29]

In the late 1940s Small moved over to Eagle Lion where he made the popular film noirs T-Men (1947) and Raw Deal (1948) For a time there was talk Small would take over the young studio. However Small fell out with Eagle Lion over billing on T Men and withdrew from his planned participation in the film Twelve Against the Underworld.[30][31] He later argued that the company could not guarantee funding for a three-year schedule.[32]

In 1948 Small said he had personally made $2 million in profit from ten films over the past 18 months.[33] He was making 16 films worth $8.5 million.[34] However he was not optimistic about the future of independent film production, saying that filmmakers needed to look internationally.[35]

In 1949 Small signed a two-year contract with Columbia Pictures, which specifically excluded Small's long-gestating film about Rudolph Valentino, Valentino.[36] He ended up making eleven films for the studio over seven years where Columbia allowed him profit sharing after Columbia made up their investment in the film.[37]

Bernard Small and Reliance

In 1947, Reliance Pictures, headed by Small's son Bernard and Ben Pivar, signed an agreement with 20th Century Fox to release six films starting with Strange Penalty, based on the story Lady from Shanghai, starring Alan Curtis and directed by Jean Yarbrough.[38] They later made The Creeper (1948),[39] two Bulldog Drummonds and The Indian Scout.[40] They also developed a series of action films based on Leatherstocking Tales[41] plus the films The Challenge, 13 Lead Soldiers, Santa Fe Uprising, Killers of the Sea, and The Cat Man.[42][43]

Return to United Artists

In 1950 Small returned to United Artists to make two Westerns with actor George Montgomery. The films were well received and in 1951 Small helped fund Arthur Krim and Bob Benjamin acquire 50% of UA. He then signed a contract to make thirteen more movies for that company, ten within the first year, starting with Kansas City Confidential.[44] This deal ultimately resulted in over seventy films over the next ten years. During this time he would occasionally make movies for other studios as well but United Artists were his main distributor.[45] David Picker, head of the production for UA, later wrote that "I counted 76 films that Eddie made for the company simply because he was there to start it all. Now that's loyalty."[46]

Most of Small's UA movies were budgeted between $100,000 and $300,000, and were not expected to make large profits on theatrical release but stood to earn considerable money being sold to television. They were usually shot within seven to nine days and went for around seventy minutes, starring lesser ranked names who were paid around $25,000. The majority were Westerns and crime melodramas (in contrast with his Columbia Films, which were mostly swashbucklers); towards the end of the 1950s he also increasingly made films aimed at the teenage market. The rise in television saw the market for these films die out in the early 1960s.[47]

In order to supply his product Small operated a number of companies during this period: Fame Productions, Theme Pictures, Motion Picture Investors, Associated Players & Producers, Superior Pictures Inc., Eclipse Productions, Imperial Pictures, Global Productions, and World Films. He would assign his films to other producers such as Aubrey Wisberg; in 1953 he had a six picture deal with the team of Clarence Greene and Russell Rouse[48] which later became a 12 picture deal.[49] His most prolific producer was Robert E. Kent for such companies as Peerless and Vogue.[50]

Small occasionally made large budgeted films, usually in partnership with other producers, such as Arthur Hornblow Jnr. (Witness for the Prosecution[51]), Tyrone Power (Solomon and Sheba) and Victor Saville (The Greengage Summer).

Television

In 1950 Small sold a package of 26 films he produced to show on American television through his Peerless Television Productions.[52]

In 1953 he bought 50% of Arrow Productions.[53]

Small later served as chairman of the board of the TV distribution company Television Programs of America whose shows include Private Secretary, Fury, 'Captain Gallant of the Foreign Legion, Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans, Halls of Ivy and 'Ramar of the Jungle. In 1957 he sold his interest in the company for $1.5 million.[54]

British Productions

In the late 1950s and early 1960s Small made a number of films in the UK. He made several low-budget comedies and horror films (including some with Vincent Price and director Sidney J. Furie) as well as more prestigious productions such as The Greengage Summer (1961).

Later career

In the mid to late 1960s Small cut back on his output and concentrated on making comedies with Bob Hope and Elke Sommer.

In 1970 Small announced he had two television series and four films ready for production but only one was made, The Christine Jorgensen Story (1970), which was Small's final movie.[55]

He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his television work located at 1501 Vine Street.[56] His mausoleum is at Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles.[57]

Select Filmography

  • ASR = Asher Small Rogers
  • C = Columbia
  • CP = Caralan Productions
  • ES = Edward Small Productions
  • FN = First National
  • HF = Harvard Film Corporation
  • R = Reliance
  • UA = United Artists
  • Z = Zenith Pictures

Unmade Films

Films Developed by Small Made by Others

References

  1. ^ Mother of Small, Film Producer, Dies Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 12 Feb 1940: 8.
  2. ^ Sea Movie Will Mark Pidgeon Film Return, Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923–1963) [Chicago, Ill] 6 Jan 1961: b12.
  3. ^ LOS ANGELES TO BE PRODUCTION CENTER Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 27 Jan 1924: B17.
  4. ^ Goetz Looks to Future, Past, Thomas, Kevin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 7 May 1966: 22.
  5. ^ Nils Worked Days, Nights and Was Ill, Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 29 Apr 1928: C13.
  6. ^ LOEW'S INAUGURATE CHANGE Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 5 Nov 1926: A11.
  7. ^ SMALL 'PICKS THE WINNERS': Discoverer of Many Favorites Plans "Quickies" With Unknown Casts to Unearth New Talent Miller, Barbara. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 5 Dec 1926: C18.
  8. ^ AMERICAN AUDIENCES REVISE IDEA OF VIRTUE AND COMEDY Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 14 Nov 1926: C23
  9. ^ a b FLASHES: PRODUCERS REUNITED ASHER SMALL AND ROGERS ANNOUNCE PLANS Kingsley, Grace. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 23 Mar 1928: A8.
  10. ^ SOUND STUDIOS ANNOUNCED: Plant to Cost $750,000 Will be Constructed in Studio City-Sherman Oaks District, Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 16 Dec 1928: E2.
  11. ^ Balio 2009, p. 117
  12. ^ a b HOLLYWOOD DATE-LINE By DOUGLAS W. CHURCHILL.HOLLYWOOD.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 24 Nov 1935: X5.
  13. ^ a b Robert Donat, Jack Oakie and Other Stars to Glisten on R.-K.-O. Program: Small Closes Deal for Reliance Films Kiepura's Next European Feature in Charge of "Casta Diva" Director; Jean Arthur and Melvyn Douglas to Join Talents, Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 27 Jan 1936: A15.
  14. ^ Agreement Reached With Robert Donat, Now Abroad, to Come Here for Film: Old Contract May Complicate Matters Fans Mob Bette Davis in East–Studio Puts Her in "Mountain Justice;" John Boles Most Likely Choice for Alessandro Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 31 Mar 1936: 9.
  15. ^ A FILM COMBINATION.: R.K.O. Radio Studios to Release All Reliance Pictures. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 27 Jan 1936: 20.
  16. ^ Switching Around of Movie Executives Goes On and On: Transfer Companies Do Booming Business as Film Bosses Move From One Lot to Another, With All Assistants Scott, John. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 2 Feb 1936: C1
  17. ^ Richard B. Jewell, RKO Radio Pictures: A Titan is Born, Uni of California Press 2012 p. 155
  18. ^ NEWS OF THE SCREEN: Edward Small Returns to Produce at United Artists–'Mannequin' Opens Here at Capitol Today Coast Scripts Of Local Origin Elektra' Is Repeated Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 20 Jan 1938: 19.
  19. ^ a b "Christmas Carol" Will Ring Out Ere Yuletide: "Beau Brummell" Slated Wanger-Dieterle Deal Donat Signs for Term Hope Hampton Records Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 23 May 1938: A14.
  20. ^ Early Day Film Producer Dies: John F. Miller Also Served as Reporter; Led Veteran Activities Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 25 May 1939: A22.
  21. ^ PRODUCERS GIRD FOR WAR: The Cinema Capital Contemplates Its Probable Effects Upon the Industry By DOUGLAS W. CHURCHILL. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 10 Sep 1939: X3.
  22. ^ Louella O. Parson's: Close-Ups and Long-Shots Of the Motion Picture Scene The Washington Post (1923–1954) [Washington, D.C] 6 July 1940: 10
  23. ^ a b Columbia Signs Ida Lupino to Play Role of Ellen Creed in 'Ladies in Retirement': HISTORICAL FILM IS DUE De Mille's 'Land of Liberty' to Open at Criterion – 'Play Girl' Listed at Palace Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 29 Jan 1941: 21.
  24. ^ SOME NEWS HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE WEST COAST: Fox Has Its First War Experience With Navy Censors – Mr. Small Shuts Down By THOMAS F. BRADYHOLLYWOOD.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 22 Mar 1942: X3.
  25. ^ a b c d SCREEN NEWS: Bromfield's 'Colorado' to Have Johnson as Star Of Local Origin Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 8 Jan 1945: 14.
  26. ^ NEWS OF THE STAGE: 'Sweet Charity' Opens Tonight – Film Commitment May Interfere With Run of Miss Hepburn's Play New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 28 Dec 1942: 23.
  27. ^ Temperance Group Seeks Writ of Mandate Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 2 May 1944: 2.
  28. ^ MICHAEL TODD SET TO FILM 'GREAT SON': Ferber Novel Will Be His First Universal Picture – Hellinger Acquires 'Criss-Cross' "Variety Girl" Planned Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 4 June 1946: 33.
  29. ^ https://archive.org/stream/variety161-1946-03#page/n138/mode/1up
  30. ^ a b SMALL, EAGLE-LION BREAK RELATIONS: Producer Holds Distributors Minimized His Contribution to Recent Film 'T-Men' By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 27 Mar 1948: 10.
  31. ^ https://archive.org/stream/variety169-1948-03#page/n261/mode/1up
  32. ^ a b c HOLLYWOOD DOSSIER: Long Hunt for Actor to Play Valentino Finally Ends – Other Studio Items By THOMAS F. BRADYHOLLYWOOD.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 14 Aug 1949: X3.
  33. ^ https://archive.org/stream/variety171-1948-07#page/n104/mode/1up
  34. ^ https://archive.org/stream/variety170-1948-06#page/n115/mode/1up
  35. ^ https://archive.org/stream/variety171-1948-07#page/n111/mode/1up
  36. ^ METRO WILL FILM STORY OF ISRAEL: ' The Road' Listed by Studio as Telling of Birth of Nation – Marcus to Do Script By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 21 Dec 1949: 41.
  37. ^ pp. 135–6 Dick, Bernard F. The Merchant Prince of Poverty Row: Harry Cohn of Columbia Pictures University Press of Kentucky
  38. ^ VAN HEFLIN TO STAR IN FILM FOR METRO: Gets Lead in 'Upward to Stars,' Story by Charles Martin – Ava Gardner in Cast By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 10 Oct 1947: 32.
  39. ^ Two Meetings Slated for AIME Groups Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 8 Mar 1948: 14.
  40. ^ DRAMA AND FILM: French Import Touted; Scott Liked for 'Sarah' Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 10 Oct 1947: A9.
  41. ^ ROWLAND, ANSELL PLAN NEW MOVIE: Film Classics Producers List 'Medal of Honor' as Next – To Be Done in Mexico By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 23 Jan 1948: 27.
  42. ^ WINDUST TO DIRECT BETTE DAVIS' NEXT: ' Featured for June' Is Listed by Warners for Film Star, After 'Winter Meeting' By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 1 Dec 1947: 27
  43. ^ Bernard Small at IMDB
  44. ^ Of Local Origin New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 16 May 1952: 18.
  45. ^ Aldo Ray and Dick York Team Up; 'Anything Goes' Likely for Phil Harris Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 11 Jan 1955: B7.
  46. ^ David Picker, Musts, Maybes and Nevers: A Book About The Movies, CreateSpace Independent, 2013 p. 31
  47. ^ Tino Balio, United Artists: The Company That Changed the Film Industry, Wisconsin Press, 1987 pp. 120–124
  48. ^ SMALL PLANS FILM ABOUT CRIME HERE: Hopes to Team Muni and Raft in 'New York Confidential' – Contract Parley Today By THOMAS M. PRYORSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 9 Sep 1953: 38.
  49. ^ a b GREENE AND ROUSE TO MAKE 12 FILMS: They Form Team to Produce, Write and Direct With the Backing of Edward Small By THOMAS M. PRYORSpecial to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 31 Aug 1954: 26.
  50. ^ Kristin' Seen as Challenge: Kaufman Phones Terry Moore; 'Diamonds' Polished for Laage Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 21 Nov 1957: C11.
  51. ^ PHIL CAREY CAST IN DISNEY MOVIE: Actor to Star With Mineo in 'Tonka' – Negulesco to Direct 'The Blessing' By THOMAS M. PRYORSpecial to The New York Times.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 20 June 1958: 27.
  52. ^ http://books.google.com.au/books?id=UyAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=%22eagle+lion+sell+films+to+television%22&source=bl&ots=g_VhGTz66e&sig=yHR9Y5_Ni8aNlp3nhK3Yw7p_44U&hl=en&ei=9M1UTdq5NoXBccKGlacF&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false
  53. ^ WARWICK ACQUIRES BEVAN SPY NOVEL: Irving Allen Plans Production of 'Zarak Khan' – Seeking Errol Flynn for Title Role By THOMAS M. PRYORSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 14 May 1953: 33
  54. ^ SMALL DISPOSES OF TV INTERESTS: Sells Share of T.P.A. Film Concern to Milton Gordon – Robinson Bout on Air By VAL ADAMS. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 7 Aug 1957: 39.
  55. ^ Cloris Leachman Signs Pact by Martin, Betty. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 22 May 1970: g18.
  56. ^ Allmovie
  57. ^ Edward Small at Find a Grave
  58. ^ Of Local Origin, New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 10 July 1943: 8.
  59. ^ PARAMOUNT MAKES SILENT FILM: Alice Day to Play Lead in First National's "Drag;" Fox Follies Not Mere Revue-Will Have Story; E. H. Griffith Signing With Columbia Kingsley, Grace. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 15 Mar 1929: A10.
  60. ^ SHE'LL SET VOGUE IN VOICE FILMS Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 22 Apr 1929: A1.
  61. ^ SHEARER FILM ULTRA IN PLOT: "Divorce" Draws Crowds to Criterion Star's Effort Surpassing One on Talk Screen Excellent Supporting Cast Seen in Feature Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 16 May 1930: A9.
  62. ^ NEW DRAMA ARRIVES AT MAYAN SOON: Helen Menken Has Leading Role in New Play "Top O' The Hill" Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 17 June 1929: A7.
  63. ^ APOPLEXY FATAL TO FILM DIRECTOR: RITES FOR TED WILDE TOMORROW Masons to be in Charge of Services for Director Who Died Unexpectedly Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 18 Dec 1929: A7.
  64. ^ DUFFY TO RETURN IN MYSTERY: "Cat and Canary" Listed at President; Dale Winter Costars in Play Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 25 Dec 1929: A11.
  65. ^ Noted Director Also Sculptor Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 10 Sep 1932: A7.
  66. ^ Herbert Mundin Enjoys His Job in 'Cavalcade': Grows Red Whiskers to Play the Butler. Shaffer, George. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923–1963) [Chicago, Ill] 30 Sep 1932: 19.
  67. ^ a b c United Artists a Little Ahead for The Time of Year The Washington Post (1923–1954) [Washington, D.C] 12 Feb 1933: S5.
  68. ^ Success of Song Features Results in Five-Picture Offer for Lawrence Tibbett: Big Plans Ahead for Famous Opera Singer Walter Wanger Out to Sign Formidable Group of Movie Names; "The Great Ziegfeld" Not to Start Until November Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 25 Sep 1934: 19.
  69. ^ Broadway: Men and Maids. By Ed Sullivan. The Washington Post (1923–1954) [Washington, D.C] 5 May 1936: 16.
  70. ^ Eight Music Publishers in International Tie-up for Expected Opera Cycle: Meyer Appointed to Negotiate All Sales Fay Wray Wins Star Role in "Mills of the Gods;" Selznick Signs Clemence Dane; Joe Morrison in "Win or Lose" Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 8 Oct 1934: 15.
  71. ^ Timeliness Declared Vital in Selecting Story Plots Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 7 Aug 1935: 12.
  72. ^ a b United Artists, Despite the Loss of Twentieth Century, Sees Big Season Ahead: Many Pictures Scheduled for Early Release British Studios Help Out; At Circus Coincidence; Amusement Jottings. (Reprinted from Yesterday's Last Edition.) By Nelson B. Bell.. The Washington Post (1923–1954) [Washington, D.C] 14 June 1935: 20.
  73. ^ ANNOUNCES NEW FILMS.: Reliance Studios Executive Tells of Year's Plans. Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 22 Aug 1935: 20.
  74. ^ Looking at Hollywood: Glenn Ford Is Scheduled to Make Picture, 'The Americano,' in Brazil Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923–1963) [Chicago, Ill] 30 Mar 1953: b6.
  75. ^ Walter Connoolly Summoned East to Play Lead in "Soak the Rich" Picture: Player to Work for Hecht, MacArthur Edward Small Will Star George Houston in Saga of California Indians; Rudy Vallee to Stay in East for Next Production Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 28 Sep 1935: 5.
  76. ^ First American Cinema Version of "Beggar's Opera" Planned by Reliance: Houston Mentioned as Chief Character Joan Bennett Will Emote Opposite Ronald Colman in "Man Who Broke the Bank;" William Powell Film Announced Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 20 Aug 1935: 19.
  77. ^ James Flood and Edward Small Split Over 'Coast Patrol' – Cantor for Winchell-Bernie Film. Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 14 Oct 1936: 31.
  78. ^ STUDIO AND SCREEN: Successful Revivals – Return of Valentino – Old Films and New Productions The Manchester Guardian (1901–1959) [Manchester (UK)] 7 July 1938: 12.
  79. ^ SCREEN NEWS HERE AND IN HOLLYWOOD: RKO and United Artists Seek Anna Neagle – Metro Plans Remake of 'Desert Song' NEW ROLE FOR MISS FAYE Slated for 'Life of William Tell'–Goldwyn Prepares to Film 'Beach Boy' Plans for Alice Faye Coast Scripts Of Local Origin Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 22 Nov 1938: 26.
  80. ^ SCREEN NEWS HERE AND IN HOLLYWOOD: Edward Small Plans to Make 'The Maginot Line'–Louis Hayward Will Be Star IF I WERE KING' TO OPEN Premiere at Paramount Today to Feature Ronald Colman and Basil Rathbone Jack London Story for Screen Of Local Origin Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 28 Sep 1938: 29.
  81. ^ DRAMA: 'Sleepy Hollow' Tale to Promote 'Classics' Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 14 Oct 1939: A7.
  82. ^ a b Marshall Will Play in 'My Son, My Son': Europe Lures Notables Students Belittle Stars Tommy Kelly Assigned Ann Sheridan's New Role Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 28 Mar 1939: 15.
  83. ^ SHOWDOWN SOUGHT IN TICKET CODE ROW: Theatre League Refuses New Talks With Brokers and Demands Action ISSUE OF PAY WILL WAIT Equity Delays Its Decision on the Higher Scale–Reginald Denny May Return Ainley May Succeed Downing Baltimore Booking Canceled Golden Gets Script Friday New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 13 Dec 1939: 35.
  84. ^ HOLLYWOOD'S PROMISES FOR 1940: COMING-OF-AGE OF UNITED ARTISTS The Scotsman (1921–1950) [Edinburgh, Scotland] 9 Jan 1940: 9.
  85. ^ Columbus Enterprise Builds Up Momentum Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 12 Aug 1946: A2.
  86. ^ SCREEN NEWS HERE AND IN HOLLYWOOD: 'Attack' Purchased by Fox – George Murphy Assigned to 'Little Nellie Kelly' FOUR FILMS THIS WEEK Tom Brown's School Days' at Music Hall and 'Fugitive' at Rialto on Thursday Of Local Origin By DOUGLAS W. CHURCHILL Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 24 June 1940: 19.
  87. ^ John Carroll Build-up to Stardom Assured Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 28 Sep 1940: A9.
  88. ^ Cary Grant Withdrawing From Leading Role in 'The Man Who Came to Dinner': 2 NEW FILMS HERE TODAY Road to Zanzibar' and 'The Penalty' Arrive – Chaplin Festival Sets Records By DOUGLAS W. CHURCHILLSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 9 Apr 1941: 33.
  89. ^ Newlyweds Ball, Arnaz Will Costar for R.K.O.: Small Ticketing Donlevy Jinx Falkenberg in Lead Judy Canova Re-signed Movie Vamp Trio Named Nils Asther Assigned Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 12 Mar 1941: 12.
  90. ^ NEWS OF THE STAGE: Biltmore to Get 'Ask My Friend, Sandy' – 'Junior Miss' Moves to Forty-sixth Street Dec. 25 New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 17 Dec 1942: 46.
  91. ^ WHILE THE Films REEL BY Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 11 Jan 1942: C3.
  92. ^ Charles Laughton to Appear in 'The History of Mr. Polly' – Role for James Craig: ROXY FILM IN THIRD WEEK 'Remember the Day' Held Over – 'Girl From Leningrad' Remains at Stanley By Telephone to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 9 Jan 1942: 25.
  93. ^ a b DRAMA AND FILM: New 'Monte Cristo' Feature Announced John Garfield, John Ridgely Will Join Cary Grant in 'Destination Tokyo' Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 18 June 1943: 15.
  94. ^ Looking at Hollywood Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923–1963) [Chicago, Ill] 27 July 1943: 15.
  95. ^ SCREEN AND STAGE: Sanders Wins Key Role in 'Dorian Gray' Film Producer Small Seeks Stellar Songstress for Musical, 'Notorious Nancy Grazy' Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 28 Dec 1943: 7.
  96. ^ O'Keefe Pressuring Small to Do 'Knights': Pressburger Will Route 'The Blivens' First to Stage, Then to Picture Medium Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 1 Feb 1944: 9.
  97. ^ HOLLYWOOD AWAKENS TO THE SHORTS: One and Two Reel Films Regaining Popularity – Love Wins as Usual By FRED STANLEYHOLLYWOOD.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 25 June 1944: X3.
  98. ^ News of the Screen The Christian Science Monitor (1908-Current file) [Boston, Mass] 21 July 1944: 4.
  99. ^ Comedy Yanks Plan Entry Into Paris, Too: Topical 'First Man in Tokyo' Scheduled; Marsha Hunt Joins Garson Entourage Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 28 Aug 1944: 8.
  100. ^ Small Plans Classic; Quints Deal Hovers Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 29 Mar 1946: A7.
  101. ^ FILMLAND BRIEFS Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 23 May 1946: A3.
  102. ^ Stage's Vye Will Vie With Academy Winner Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 28 June 1946: A3.
  103. ^ SMALL PLANS FILM ON 'MONTE CRISTO': Seeks Louis Hayward for Lead in Movie on Dumas Hero – Beloin Doing Hope Script By THOMAS F. BRADYSpecial to THE NEW YORK TIMES.. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 15 June 1948: 33.
  104. ^ Mitchell Likely Cap'n Andy; Preston to Star as Heavy With Rooney Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 22 Aug 1950: A11.
  105. ^ Sobbin' Women' Shaping for Betta St. John; 'Far West' Set for Hornblow Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 6 Mar 1953: B7.
  106. ^ Looking at Hollywood: Olivia de Havilland Off This Week for Europe Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923–1963) [Chicago, Ill] 2 Apr 1953: c5.
  107. ^ Looking at Hollywood: Fernando Lamas' Next Film in Busy Season Is 'Honeymoon' Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923–1963) [Chicago, Ill] 19 May 1953: a2.
  108. ^ Zanuck to Produce GI's Murder Story Hopper, Hedda. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 1 Aug 1953: 10.
  109. ^ MOVIELAND BRIEFS Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 23 June 1953: A7.
  110. ^ Farley Granger to Play Head of Crime Syndicate in Movie Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923–1963) [Chicago, Ill] 21 Dec 1954: a4.
  111. ^ HEDDA HOPPER: Olivia Will Marry 'Between Pictures' Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 4 June 1954: 22.
  112. ^ Pinkerton Production on Hot Slate; 'Hired Guns' Speeds Project Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 21 June 1955: 19.
  113. ^ Looking at Hollywood: Film on Brainwashing to Have Trio of Stars Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923–1963) [Chicago, Ill] 29 Oct 1955: 15.
  114. ^ 'Women Confidential' Set; Robinson Likely Loeb; Traubel Role Big Schallert, Edwin. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 9 Jan 1957: C9.
  115. ^ Hollywood Will Go Traveling in 1959: Foreign Locations Intrigue Fregonese, Power and Others Scott, John L. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 24 Sep 1958: 27.
  116. ^ ' BEN-HUR' TO RACE FOR 213 MINUTES: Film Will Be Third Longest Shown – Small and Saville Planning 'Dear Spy' By RICHARD NASON. New York Times (1923-Current file) [New York, N.Y] 7 Oct 1959: 47.
  117. ^ Hedda Sees Bob Hope Off on Holiday Tour Hopper, Hedda. Chicago Daily Tribune (1923–1963) [Chicago, Ill] 21 Dec 1960: a2.
  118. ^ MOVIE CALL SHEET: Miss York in 'Doctor' Role Martin, Betty. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 10 Aug 1965: c11
  119. ^ Harris Signs CBS Deal Martin, Betty. Los Angeles Times (1923-Current File) [Los Angeles, Calif] 27 Sep 1967: d13.
  120. ^ Prize Ring Comedy Goes Into Work at Early Date at U.A. The Washington Post (1923–1954) [Washington, D.C] 28 May 1933: S5.
  • Balio, Tino, United Artists: The Company Built By the Stars Volume 1 1919–1950, University of Wisconsin Press, 2009
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