Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma
| Ferdinand of Parma | |
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| Duke of Parma, Plasencia and Guastalla; Duke of Canzano; Count of Chinchón; Infante of Spain | |
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| Spouse | Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria |
| Father | Infante Felipe of Spain, Duke of Parma |
| Mother | Princess Marie Louise Élisabeth of France |
Ferdinand Maria Philip Louis Sebastian Francis James of Parma, Duke of Parma, Plasencia and Guastalla (20 January 1751–9 October 1802) was duke of Parma from 1765 to 1802. He was the second child and only son of Philip, Duke of Parma and Princess Louise-Élisabeth of France, eldest daughter of Louis XV of France and Maria Leszczyńska. His paternal grandparents were Philip V of Spain (in turn a grandson of Louis XIV) and his second wife, Elisabeth of Parma.
Life
Born Ferdinando Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo[1] di Parma at the Ducal Palace of Colorno, he was considered to be the favorite grandson of his maternal grandfather King Louis XV of France. As a grandson in the male line of King Philip V of Spain, he was also an Infante of Spain. He was one of three children:
- Isabella Maria Luisa Antonietta Ferdinanda Giuseppina Saveria Dominica Giovanna of Parma (1741–1763) - she married Marie Antoinette's older brother, the Austrian emperor, Joseph II. She had issue, but all her children died in childhood.
- Luisa Maria Teresa of Parma (1751–1819) - she was known as Maria Luisa. She married her cousin, the Infante Carlos of Spain, and later became the Queen Consort of Spain. She left issue.
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Ferdinand as a young man
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Marriage
As the heir to one of the largest collection of sovereign duchies, Ferdinand was an attractive candidate for many royal ladies of Europe. Candidates included the heiress, Princess Maria Beatrice Ricciarda of Modena - daughter of Ercole III of Modena and (like Ferdinand) an in law of Marie Antoinette. Another candidate was Louise Marie Thérèse Bathilde d'Orléans who offered a very large dowry; she was the only surviving daughter of Louis Philippe d'Orléans, duc d'Orléans. She was the sister of Philippe Égalité.
The decision of who his future spouse would be, was sealed by his mother's close correspondence with the powerful Empress Maria Theresa of Austria who had promised Ferdinands parents the throne of the Netherlands, which had been returned to Austrian rule under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. This never occurred and as a result, an alliance with the Austro-Hungarian Empire was used to cement the two nations. This alliance was also encouraged by the Parmese Prime Minister Guillaume du Tillot who had worked at Versailles and had been exiled by Louis XV of France due to his liberal ideas which were not looked upon with much joy by those at Versailles.
The Prime Minister was again used during Ferdinand's reign when he lost his father in 1765 aged 14. Negotiations and ideas were passed from Vienna to Parma and in 1769, Ferdinand was to marry the Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria; the eighth child of the Empress and older sister of the Queen of Naples and Sicily and the future Queen of France. Maria Amalia had a marriage by proxy in Vienna on 27 June and left her home on 1 July. The future duchess would meet her husband at Mantua on 16 July. His wife was with her brother Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor and Ferdinand with members of the Sforza family. On 19 July there was a formal ceremony for all at the Ducal Palace of Colorno where Ferdinand had been born. During many festivities, the couple made their official entrance to Parma on 24 July. They had the following children:
Children
- Princess Carolina Maria Teresa Giuseppa of Parma (22 November 1770–1 March 1804), married Prince Maximilian of Saxony
- Prince Louis Francis Philibert of Parma (5 August 1773–27 May 1803). Married his cousin born Maria Luisa Josefa Antonietta Vicentia of Spain and had issue; was the first of only two Kings of Etruria.
- Princess Maria Antonia Giuseppa Walburga Anna Luisa Vicenza Margherita Caterina of Parma (28 November 1774–1841), became an Ursuline nun. Named after her aunt Marie Antoinette who became the Queen of France some 5 months before her birth.
- Princess Carlotta of Parma (7 September 1777–1812), became a nun
- Prince Felipe of Parma (22 May 1783–1786)
- Princess Antoina Luigia of Parma (21 October 1784)
- Princess Luigia Maria of Parma (17 April 1787–1789)
- Princess X of Parma - Stillborn Daughter ( 21 May 1789) (twin)
- Prince X of Parma - Stillborn Son ( 21 May 1789) (twin)
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Duke Ferdinand of Parma with Maria Amalia -
Ferdinand ceded the Duchy of Parma to France in the Treaty of Aranjuez (1801).
The Treaty of Aranjuez was signed on 21 March 1801 between France and Spain. The overall accord confirmed the terms presented in the Treaty of San Ildefonso. Moreover, Ferdinand agreed to surrender the Duchy of Parma (with Piacenza and Guastalla) to France. Ferdinand's son Louis received the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, which became the Kingdom of Etruria. Ferdinand III, the Habsburg Grand Duke of Tuscany, was compensated with the secularized territories of the Archbishop of Salzburg.
He died in Parma aged 51.
Ancestry
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Titles and Styles
- 20 January 1751 - 18 July 1765 His Royal Highness Prince Ferdinand of Parma[2]
- 18 July 1765 - 9 October 1802 His Royal Highness the Duke of Parma, Plasencia and Guastalla
References
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.heraldica.org/topic Style of HRH and further information on Princes of the Blood
Titles
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