List of Fritillaria species

This List of Fritillaria species shows the accepted species names within the genus Fritillaria, of which there are about 100^[1] to 130^[2].^[3]

Alphabetical list of species

Fritillaria acmopetala – Lebanese fritillary - northwest Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Israel
Fritillaria affinis – checker lily, chocolate lily syn. F. lanceolata - western USA + British Columbia
Fritillaria agrestis – stinkbells - California
Fritillaria alburyana - Turkey
Fritillaria alfredae - Turkey, Syria, Lebanon
Fritillaria amabilis - Japan
Fritillaria amana - Turkey
Fritillaria anhuiensis S.C.Chen & S.F.Yin - China
Fritillaria ariana - Iran, Afghanistan, Central Asia
Fritillaria assyriaca - Iran, Iraq, Turkey
Fritillaria atrolineata - Iran
Fritillaria atropurpurea – purple fritillary, spotted fritillary, spotted mountainbells, spotted missionbells - western + central USA
Fritillaria aurea - Turkey
Fritillaria ayakoana - Honshu in Japan
Fritillaria baskilensis - Turkey
Fritillaria biflora – chocolate lily - Baja California, California
Fritillaria bithynica - Turkey, Aegean Islands
Fritillaria brandegeei Eastw. - California
Fritillaria bucharica - Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Fritillaria byfieldii - Denizli Province in Turkey
Fritillaria camschatcensis – Kamchatka fritillary, rice lily, skunk lily, outhouse lily, dirty diaper, chocolate lily, Indian rice - Japan, Russian Far East, Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon
Fritillaria carica - Turkey, Aegean Islands
Fritillaria caucasica Adams - Caucasus, Iran, Turkey
Fritillaria chitralensis - Pakistan, Afghanistan
Fritillaria chlorantha - Iran
Fritillaria chlororhabdota - Iran
Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don - China, Himalayas, Myanmar
Fritillaria collina - Caucasus, Turkey
Fritillaria conica Boiss. - Greece
Fritillaria crassicaulis S.C.Chen - Sichuan, Yunnan
Fritillaria crassifolia Boiss. & A. Huet - Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon
Fritillaria dagana Turcz. ex Trautv. - Siberia, Mongolia
Fritillaria dajinensis S.C.Chen - Sichuan
Fritillaria davidii Franch. - Sichuan
Fritillaria davisii Turrill - Greece
Fritillaria delavayi Franch. - China, Sikkim
Fritillaria drenovskii Degen & Stoj. - Bulgaria, Greece
Fritillaria dzhabavae A.P.Khokhr. - Caucasus
Fritillaria eastwoodiae – Butte County fritillary, Eastwood's ritillary - Oregon, California
Fritillaria eduardii Regel - Central Asia
Fritillaria ehrhartii Boiss. & Orph. - Greek Islands
Fritillaria elwesii - Turkey
Fritillaria epirotica Turrill ex Rix - Greece
Fritillaria euboeica Rix - Evvoia (Euboea) Island in Greece
Fritillaria falcata – talus fritillary - San Benito Co in California
Fritillaria ferganensis - Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
Fritillaria fleischeriana - Turkey
Fritillaria forbesii - Mugla Province in Turkey
Fritillaria frankiorum - Turkey, Syria
Fritillaria fusca Turrill - Tibet
Fritillaria gentneri – Gentner's fritillary - Oregon
Fritillaria gibbosa Boiss. - Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Turkmenistan
Fritillaria glauca – Siskiyou fritillary, Siskiyou missionbells - Oregon, California
Fritillaria graeca - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia
Fritillaria grandiflora Grossh. - Caucasus
Fritillaria gussichiae (Degen & Dörfl.) Rix - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, Serbia
Fritillaria hermonis - Syria, Lebanon
Fritillaria imperialis – kaiser's crown, crown imperial - Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Himalayas
Fritillaria involucrata All. - France, Italy
Fritillaria japonica - Honshu in Japan
Fritillaria kaiensis - Honshu in Japan
Fritillaria karelinii Fischer ex D.Don - Xinjiang, Central Asia
Fritillaria kittaniae Sorger - Antalya Province in Turkey
Fritillaria koidzumiana - Iran
Fritillaria kotschyana Herb. - Iran
Fritillaria kurdica Boiss. & Noë - Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Caucasus
Fritillaria lagodechiana - Caucasus
Fritillaria latakiensis - Turkey, Syria
Fritillaria latifolia Willd. - Caucasus, Turkey
Fritillaria legionensis - Spain
Fritillaria liliacea – fragrant fritillary - California
Fritillaria lusitanica Wikstr. - Spain, Portugal
Fritillaria macedonica Bornm. - Albania, North Macedonia
Fritillaria macrocarpa - Morocco
Fritillaria maximowiczii Freyn - Russian Far East, China, Zabaykalsky Krai
Fritillaria meleagris L. Type species - snake's head fritillary, checkered daffodil, frog-cup, Guinea-hen flower, leper lily, - Eurasia from Britain to Altay Krai
Fritillaria meleagroides Patrin ex Schult.f. - Eurasia from Bulgaria to Xinjiang^[4]
Fritillaria messanensis Raf. - Greece, Italy, Balkans
Fritillaria michailovskyi Fomin - Turkey^[5]
Fritillaria micrantha – brown fritillary, brown bells - California
Fritillaria milasensis - Mugla Province in Turkey
Fritillaria minima - Turkey
Fritillaria minuta - Turkey, Iran
Fritillaria monantha Migo - China
Fritillaria montana Hoppe - Europe from France to Ukraine
Fritillaria mughlae - Mugla Province in Turkey
Fritillaria muraiana - Shikoku in Japan
Fritillaria mutabilis - Greece
Fritillaria obliqua Ker Gawl. - Greece
Fritillaria ojaiensis – Ojai fritillary (sometimes included in F. affinis) - California
Fritillaria olgae Vved. - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Fritillaria olivieri - Iran
Fritillaria oranensis - North Africa
Fritillaria orientalis - Caucasus, Turkey, southern + southeastern Europe
Fritillaria pallidiflora - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Xinjiang
Fritillaria persica - Middle East
Fritillaria pinardii - Middle East
Fritillaria pinetorum – pinewoods fritillary, Davidson's fritillary - California
Fritillaria pluriflora – adobe lily - California
Fritillaria pontica Wahlenb. - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey
Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. - China
Fritillaria pudica – yellow fritillary, yellowbells - western USA + British Columbia
Fritillaria purdyi Eastw. - Oregon, California
Fritillaria pyrenaica - Pyrenees in France + Spain
Fritillaria raddeana Regel - Turkmenistan, Iran, Kashmir
Fritillaria recurva – scarlet fritillary - Oregon, California, Nevada
Fritillaria regelii Losinsk. - Tajikistan
Fritillaria reuteri - Turkey, Iran
Fritillaria rhodia A.Hansen - Rodhos (Rhodes) Island in Greece
Fritillaria rhodocanakis Orph. ex Baker - Idhra Island (Hydra) in Greece
Fritillaria rixii - Greece
Fritillaria ruthenica - Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan
Fritillaria serpenticola - Eskisehir + Antalya Provinces in Turkey
Fritillaria sewerzowii Regel - Central Asia
Fritillaria shikokiana - Shikoku + Kyushu in Japan
Fritillaria sibthorpiana - Turkey, Symi Island in Greece
Fritillaria sichuanica S.C.Chen - China
Fritillaria sinica S.C.Chen - Sichuan
Fritillaria skorpili Velen. - Bulgaria
Fritillaria sonnikovae - Krasnoyarsk in Russia
Fritillaria sororum - Turkey
Fritillaria spetsiotica - Greece
Fritillaria stenanthera - Central Asia
Fritillaria straussii - Turkey, Iran
Fritillaria striata – striped adobe lily - California
Fritillaria stribrnyi Velen. - Bulgaria, European Turkey
Fritillaria taipaiensis P.Y.Li - China
Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. - Tar Bagatai Mountains in Xinjiang + Kazakhstan
Fritillaria × tokushimensis - Shikoku in Japan
Fritillaria tortifolia X.Z.Duan & X.J.Zheng - Xinjiang
Fritillaria tubiformis Gren. & Godr. - Alps in France + Italy
Fritillaria unibracteata P.K.Hsiao & K.C.Hsia - China
Fritillaria ussuriensis - Korea, Primorye, northeastern China
Fritillaria uva-vulpis - Iran, Iraq, Turkey
Fritillaria verticillata - Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Altay Krai
Fritillaria viridea Kellogg - California
Fritillaria viridiflora - Turkey
Fritillaria walujewii Regel - Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Fritillaria whittallii - Turkey
Fritillaria yuminensis X.Z.Duan - Xinjiang
Fritillaria yuzhongensis G.D.Yu & Y.S.Zhou - China

Formerly included

Numerous names have been coined using the name Fritillaria but referring to species now considered better suited to other genera (Calochortus Disporum Erythronium Eucomis Lilium Notholirion). We provide links to help you find appropriate information.

Fritillaria autumnalis, now called Eucomis autumnalis
Fritillaria barbata, now called Calochortus barbatus
Fritillaria biflora Sessé & Moc 1894 not Lindl. 1834, now called Calochortus barbatus
Fritillaria cantoniensis, now called Disporum cantoniense
Fritillaria cuprea, now called Calochortus barbatus
Fritillaria flavida, now called Lilium nanum var. flavidum
Fritillaria gardneriana, now called Lilium nanum var. nanum
Fritillaria hookeri, now called Notholirion macrophyllum
Fritillaria longifolia Hill 1768 not Steven ex Ledeb. 1852, now called Eucomis autumnalis
Fritillaria lophophora, now called Lilium lophophorum
Fritillaria macrophylla, now called Notholirion macrophyllum
Fritillaria multiscapoidea, now called Erythronium multiscapideum
Fritillaria nana, now called Eucomis regia
Fritillaria oxypetala, now called Nomocharis oxypetala
Fritillaria punctata, now called Eucomis comosa
Fritillaria purpurea, now called Calochortus purpureus
Fritillaria regia, now called Eucomis regia
Fritillaria souliei, now called Lilium souliei
Fritillaria stracheyi, now called Lilium nanum
Fritillaria thomsoniana, now called Notholirion thomsonianum

Subgenera

The species of Fritillaria are divided amongst eight subgenera. A partial list^[a] of species by subgenera is shown here:^[6]^[7]^[3]

Fritillaria

F. acmopetala Boiss.
F. alburyana Rix
F. alfredae Post
F. amana (Rix) R.Wallis & R.B.Wallis
F. assyriaca Baker
F. aurea Schott
F. bithynica Baker
F. carica Rix
F. caucasica Adam
F. cirrhosa D. Don
F. conica Boiss.
F. crassifolia Boiss & Huet.
F. davisii Turrill
F. drenovskii Degen & Stoj.
F. ehrhartii Boiss. & Orph.
F. elwesii Boiss.
F. fleischeriana Steud. & Hochst. ex Schult.f.
F. forbesii Baker
F. frankiorum R.Wallis & R.B.Wallis
F. graeca Boissier & Spruner
F. gussichiae (Degen & Dorfler) Rix
F. hermonis Fenzl
F. involucrata Allioni
F. kotschyana Herbert
F. latakiensis Rix
F. latifolia Willd.
F. lusitanica Wikstr.
F. meleagris L.
F. meleagroides Patrin ex Schult.f
F. messanensis Rafin
F. michailovskyi Fomin
F. minuta Boiss. & Nöe
F. montana Hoppe ex W. D. J. Koch
F. mutabilis Kamari
F. obliqua Ker Gawl.
F. olivieri Baker
F. oranensis Pomel
F. orientalis Adam
F. pallidiflora Schrenk
F. pinardii Boiss.
F. poluninii (Rix) G.Bakhshi Khaniki & K.Persson
F. pontica Wahlenb.
F. pyrenaica L
F. reuteri Boiss.
F. rixii Zaharof
F. ruthenica Wikstr.
F. sibthorpiana Baker
F. sororum Jimmy Persson & K.Persson
F. stribrnyi Velen.
F. tenella M.Bieb.
F. theophrasti Kamari & Phitos
F. thessala (Boiss.) Kamari
F. thunbergii Miq.
F. tortifolia X.Z.Duan & X.J.Zheng
F. tubiformis Gren. & Godr.
F. usuriensis Maxim.
F. uva-vulpis Rix
F. verticillata Willd.
F. walujewii Regel
F. whittallii Baker
F. zagrica Stapf

Rhinopetalum Fisch.

5 species

F. ariana (Loz.-Lozinsk. & Vved.) E.M.Rix
F. bucharica Regel
F. gibbosa Boiss.
F. karelini (Fisher ex D.Don) Baker
F. stenanthera Regel

Theresia Koch

Monotypic

F. persica L.

Petilium (L.) Endl.

4 species

F. chitraensis B. Mathew
F. eduardii Regel
F. imperialis L.
F. raddeana Regel

Liliorhiza (Kellog) Benth. & Hook.f.

F. affinis (Schult.) Sealy
F. agrestis Greene
F. atropurpurea Nutt.
F. camschatcensis (L.). Ker-Gawl.
F. dagana Turcz.
F. eastwoodae Macfarl.
F. falcata (Jepson) Beetle
F. gentneri Gilkey
F. glauca Greene
F. liliacea Lindl.
F. maximowiczii Freyn.
F. micrantha Heller
F. phaeanthera Purdy
F. pluriflora Torr. ex Benth.
F. pudica (Pursh) Spreng.
F. recurva Benth.
F. striata Eastw.

Korolkowia Rix

Monotypic

F. sewerzowii Regel

Davidii Rix

Monotypic

F. davidii Franchet

Japonica Rix

8 species

F. amabilis Koidzumi
F. ayakoana I.Maruyama & N. Naruhashi
F. japonica Miq.
F. kaiensis N.Naruhashi
F. koidzumiana Ohwi
F. muraiana Ohwi
F. shikokiana N. Narushi
F. tokushimensis Akasawa, Katayama & T.Naito

Notes

^ Complete list, with exception of Rhinopetalum, Liliorhiza and Fritillaria which are at least 60% complete

Bibliography

Day, Peter D.; Berger, Madeleine; Hill, Laurence; Fay, Michael F.; Leitch, Andrew R.; Leitch, Ilia J.; Kelly, Laura J. (November 2014). "Evolutionary relationships in the medicinally important genus Fritillaria L. (Liliaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 80: 11–19. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.024. PMID 25124097.
Rønsted, N.; Law, S.; Thornton, H.; Fay, M. F.; Chase, M. W. (2005). "Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the monophyly of Fritillaria and Lilium (Liliaceae; Liliales) and the infrageneric classification of Fritillaria". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 35 (3): 509–527. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.574.7908. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.12.023. PMID 15878122.
"Fritillaria meleagris". Pacific Bulb Society. 5 May 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
"Fritillaria michailovskyi". Plant Finder. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
Ness, Bryan (2003). "Fritillaria". Flora of North America Volume 26. p. 164. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
Xinqi, Chen; Mordak, Helen V. "Fritillaria". Flora of China. Volume 24. p. 127. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
WCSP. "Fritillaria". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 11 October 2017.

[6] Complete list, with exception of Rhinopetalum, Liliorhiza and Fritillaria which are at least 60% complete

[FOOTNOTENess2003-1] Ness 2003.

[FOOTNOTEFOC2017-2] FOC 2017.

[FOOTNOTEWCSP2017-3] WCSP 2017.

[FOOTNOTEPBS2015-4] PBS 2015.

[FOOTNOTEMBG2017-5] MBG 2017.

[FOOTNOTERønsted_et_al2005-7] Rønsted et al 2005.

[FOOTNOTEDay_et_al2014-8] Day et al 2014.

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