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Maryland wine

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Maryland
Wine region
Official nameState of Maryland
TypeU.S. state
Year established1788
Years of wine industry17th century - present
CountryUSA
Sub-regionsCatoctin AVA, Cumberland Valley AVA, Linganore AVA
Total area12,407 square miles (32,134 km2)
Size of planted vineyards250 acres (101 ha)[1]
Grapes producedAlbariño, Arneis, Auxerrois blanc, Barbera, Blaufränkisch, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Carignan, Carménère, Chardonnay, Chenin blanc, Dolcetto, Gewürztraminer, Malbec, Malvasia, Marsanne, Merlot, Montepulciano, Mourvèdre, Müller-Thurgau, Muscat, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat blanc, Nebbiolo, Nero d'Avola, Pais, Petit Manseng, Pinot Meunier, Petite Sirah, Petit Verdot, Pinot blanc, Pinot grigio, Pinot noir, Pinotage, Riesling, Rkatsiteli, Roussanne, Ruby Cabernet, Rubired, Sauvignon blanc, Sangiovese, Sémillon, Sultana, Symphony, Syrah, Tannat, Tempranillo, Tinta Barroca, Tinta Cão, Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, Trebbiano, Viognier, Zinfandel[2]
No. of wineries41[3]

Maryland wine is wine made in the U.S. state of Maryland. The industry has grown rapidly since the first winery in Maryland, Boordy Vineyards, opened in 1945.[4] It is estimated that the industry contributes $50 million annually to the Maryland economy.[5]

History

A Cabernet Franc from Boordy Vineyards.

The state’s history of viticulture begins in 1648 with the earliest recorded instance of winemaking in Maryland.[6] Fourteen years later, the first European grapes planted in Maryland were deposited in 200 acres (80.9 ha) on the east bank of St. Marys River.[7] It was not until the 1930s that Philip Wagner, a columnist with the Baltimore Sun, published American Wines and How to Make Them. The book was later revised as Grapes Into Wine and became the definitive book on winemaking in America.[8]

The 1980s proved to be a definitive decade for the industry. In 1981, the Maryland Grape Growers Association was formed,[9] followed by the Maryland Wineries Association in 1984.[10] That same year, the Maryland Wine Festival was held for the first time and the Maryland Winery and Grape Growers Advisory Board was formed.[11]

In 2000, the Maryland State Legislature passed Maryland House Bill 414, allowing state wineries to sell wine by the glass at the winery and to bring product onto retail licensed premises for promotional activities. A record crowd of more than 25,000 attended the Maryland Wine Festival and Maryland wineries sold a record 86,954 US gallons (329,157 L) of wine.[12]

Throughout the years that followed, the industry saw many changes as well as growing success. The instigator of such success was the Maryland Wineries Association’s first-ever major cooperative marketing campaign, "Ask For Maryland Wine."[13]

Climate and geography

A vineyard in Foxchase, Maryland.

Maryland is bounded on the north by Pennsylvania, on the west by West Virginia, on the east by Delaware and the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south by West Virginia and Virginia. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted on the Maryland side by Washington D.C.. The Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state, and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore.

Maryland has a wide array of climates for a state of its size. The climate depends on a number of variables from proximity to water, elevation, and protection from northern weather due to downslope winds. The eastern half of Maryland lies on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with very flat topography and very sandy or muddy soil. This region has a humid subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers and mild to cool winters.[14]

Beyond this region is the Piedmont. The region is a transition zone between the humid subtropical climate zone and the humid continental climate zone. This region experiences hot, humid summers and moderately cold winters where significant snowfall and subfreezing temperatures are an annual occurrence.[14]

Extreme Western Maryland lies completely in the humid continental climate. Western Maryland has milder summers and cold snowy winters. Some parts of western Maryland possess the cool summer humid continental climate with summer average temperatures below 71 °F (22 °C). Precipitation in the state is very generous. Annual rainfall ranges from 40 inches (102 cm) to 45 inches (114 cm) in virtually every part of the state.[14]

Maryland possess a great variety of topography, ranging from sandy dunes dotted with sea grass in the east, to low marshlands near the bay, to rolling hills of oak forest in the Piedmont region and mountain pine groves in the west.[14]

Wine regions

Maryland has four distinct growing regions, allowing for a wide diversity of grape varieties that will thrive throughout the State.

Piedmont Plateau

A majority of the state's vineyards are planted in Central Maryland, from the foothills west of Frederick, Maryland to the head of the Chesapeake Bay.[15] The state's oldest wineries are located in the Piedmont Plateau as well as the Frederick Wine Trail and Mason-Dixon Wine Trail. There are clusters of wineries around Westminster and north of Baltimore.[15] Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay and Pinot gris are planted, which consists of Harford, Baltimore, Carroll, Howard, Montgomery and Frederick Counties.

Eastern Shore

The Eastern Shore is known for its warm days and cool nights. The soil is sandy and well-drained, and the climate is moderated by the Chesapeake Bay. A wide variety of grapes are growing throughout the Upper Shore (Cecil, Kent and Queen Anne's Counties), Mid Shore (Talbot, Dorchester and Caroline Counties) and Lower Shore (Somerset, Worcester and Wicomico Counties).

Southern plain

Southern Maryland gets hot, and stays hot night and day for most of the summer. This may not be good for some varieties, but many Southern Italian and other Mediterranean varieties are found growing in the region. Barbera, Sangiovese, Montepulciano, Chardonnay, Vidal, Blaufrankisch, Symphony and other varieties are planted in the region, which consists of Anne Arundel, Prince George's, Calvert, Charles and St. Mary's Counties.

Western mountain

Western Maryland plays host to a number of vineyards and two wineries. Grapes in this region must be more cold-hardy and able to withstand long winters and a short growing season. Varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Chardonnay, Norton/Cynthiana, Chambourcin, Vidal and Seyval are found in the region. The region consists of Washington, Allegany and Garrett Counties.

Prominent figures

Phillip M. Wagner is still considered a very prominent figure for those in the amateur and commercial sides of wine making. Wagner is the author of Grapes into Wine and several other books having to do specifically with North American wine making.[16] Including several revisions of his original book "American Wines and How to Make Them" originally published in 1933. He was also the founder of Maryland’s own Boordy Vineyards where he experimented with various wine making techniques most notably hybridization of grapes. Wagner’s literary career includes serving as the editor of the Baltimore Sun newspaper and writing a biography of fellow Sun editor, H.L. Mencken. He died December 29, 1996.[17]

Maryland Wine Festival

The Maryland Wine Festival is a wine festival that showcases Maryland wine on the third weekend of September annually. The festival was established in 1984 in Union Mills, Maryland and has been held at the Carroll County Farm Museum in Westminster, Maryland since 1985. It is one of the oldest and largest wine festivals on the East Coast, hosting over 25,000 people and featuring more than 200 wines for sampling each year.

See also

References

  1. ^ Appellation America (2007). "Maryland: Appellation Description". Retrieved November 28, 2007.
  2. ^ Robinson, Jancis. "Jancis Robinson's Guide to Wine Grapes" ISBN 0-19-860098-4
  3. ^ Maryland Wineries Association (2011). Retrieved January 20, 2011.
  4. ^ Maryland Wineries Association (2008). Boordy Vineyards. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  5. ^ Maryland Wine Industry Statistics(2008). Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  6. ^ The History of MD Wine. (2008) Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  7. ^ Lukacs, Paul "American Vintage: The Rise of American Wine" ISBN 0-393-32516-4
  8. ^ Pinney, Thomas "A History of Wine in America: From Prohibition to the Present" ISBN 0-520-24176-2
  9. ^ Maryland Grape Growers Association official web site. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  10. ^ Maryland Wineries Association official web site. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  11. ^ The History of MD Wine (2008). Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  12. ^ Adams, Leon "The Wines of America" ISBN 0-07-000332-7
  13. ^ Maryland Wineries Association (2008). Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  14. ^ a b c d Dr. Joseph Fiola. Maryland Grapes and Fruit Page (2008). Retrieved June 18, 2008.
  15. ^ a b Atticks, Kevin "Discovering Maryland Wineries" ISBN 0-9668716-0-X
  16. ^ http://www.amazon.com/Grapes-into-Wine-Philip-Wagner/dp/0394731727
  17. ^ http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9900E4DA1639F930A35752C0A961958260
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