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Mayor of Manila

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Mayor of the City of Manila
Seal of the City of Manila
since June 30, 2013
StyleThe Honorable
(Formal)
Residencenone
AppointerElected via popular vote
Term length3 years
Inaugural holderArsenio Cruz-Herrera
Formation1901
WebsiteOffice of the Mayor of Manila

The Mayor of Manila (Filipino: Alkalde ng Maynila) is the head of the executive branch of the Manila's government. The mayor holds office at Manila City Hall. Like all local government heads in the Philippines, the mayor is elected via popular vote, and may not be elected for a fourth consecutive term (although the former mayor may return to office after an interval of one term). In case of death, resignation or incapacity, the vice mayor becomes the mayor.

History

Prior to the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi, Manila was a Muslim chiefdom headed by datus. From the defeat of Rajah Sulayman's forces in 1595 to the passage of the Maura Law in 1895, the chief executive of the city was appointed by the Spanish government to a person of Spanish descent. The highest position a Filipino was able to hold was the cabeza de barangay. With the passage of the Maura Law, the office of capitan municipal was established, with the people electing their own town heads, although the Spanish retained considerable influence and can veto decisions.

With the eruption of the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine–American War, the position reverted to an appointive head. With the advent of World War II, President Manuel L. Quezon appointed Jorge B. Vargas as "mayor of Greater Manila" (forerunner of Metro Manila) in 1941. With the liberation of Manila in 1945 by combined Filipino and American soldiers under the United States Army and the Philippine Commonwealth Army including local recognized guerrillas against the Japanese Imperial forces, the earlier setup was used once again.

With the amendment of the city's charter in 1951, the position became an elective post. The first mayoral election was in 1951, and Manila's congressman from the 2nd district Arsenio Lacson defeated incumbent Manuel de la Fuente. After the declaration of martial law by President Ferdinand Marcos, Manila and nearby cities like Quezon City, Caloocan, Pasay and Makati, were overshadowed by the office of the governor of the newly created Metro Manila, whom Marcos appointed his wife, Imelda Marcos, to the position.

With Arsenio Lacson becoming the first elected Mayor, the City of Manila underwent The Golden Age,[1] was revitalized, and once again became the "Pearl of the Orient", a moniker it earned before the outbreak of the war[citation needed]. After Mayor Lacson's term in the fifties, the city was led by Mayor Antonio Villegas during most of the 60's, and Mayor Ramon Bagatsing for nearly the entire decade of the 70's until the 1986 Edsa revolution.

Mayors Lacson, Villegas, and Bagatsing are often collectively considered as "the Big Three of Manila" for their rather long tenures as the City Hall's chief executive (continuously for over three decades, from 1952 - 1986), but more importantly, for their indelible contribution to the development and progress of the City and their lasting legacy in uplifting the quality of life and welfare of the people of Manila.

With the ouster of Marcos during the People Power Revolution, President Corazon Aquino vacated all local executive officials and appointed officers in charge (OIC) in their place; she appointed party-mate Mel Lopez as OIC of Manila. Local elections were held in 1988, and Lopez was elected as mayor. The Local Government Code was enacted in 1991, and standardized the powers of Manila's mayor making it at par with other cities in the country.

The office of the mayor is often used as a springboard for further political ambitions. In 1961, Lacson bolted the Nacionalista Party to become the campaign manager of the Liberal Party's Diosdado Macapagal's presidential campaign. After Macapagal's victory, Lacson returned with the Nacionalistas and became a critic of the Macapagal administration. Lacson would've been likely the Nacionalista's candidate for the presidency in 1965, had not death intervened in 1962.[2] In 1998, the sitting mayor of Manila, Alfredo Lim, did run as the Liberal Party's candidate for the presidency, but was beaten by Joseph Estrada, finishing fifth in a field of ten candidates, garnering 9% of the vote.

The longest serving Mayor of the City of Manila is Mayor Ramon Bagatsing, who continuously served as the city's chief executive from 1971 until 1986. His tenure could have been longer if his term was not disrupted by the forced resignation of all local government unit heads and the appointment of officers in charge in their place after the 1986 revolution, to which Bagatsing fully supported and complied with, voluntarily handing over his position to the officer in charge Mel Lopez.

List

The mayor of Manila holds office at the Manila City Hall.

(1901–Present)

No. Name Term Elected And Appointive
1 Arsenio Cruz-Herrera August 7, 1901-September 18, 1905 Appointive
2 Félix Roxas September 19, 1905-January 15, 1917 Appointive
3 Justo Lukban January 16, 1917-March 6, 1920 Appointive
4 Ramón J. Fernández March 7, 1920-July 16, 1923 Appointive
5 Eulogio Rodriguez July 17, 1923-February 8, 1924 Appointive
6 Miguel Romuáldez February 9, 1924-August 31, 1927 Appointive
7 Tomás Earnshaw September 1, 1927-December 31, 1933 Appointive
8 Juan Posadas, Jr. January 1, 1934-January 4, 1940 Appointive
5 Eulogio Rodriguez January 5, 1940-August 28, 1941 (2nd Term) Appointive
9 Juan G. Nolasco August 29, 1941-December 23, 1941 Appointive
10 Jorge B. Vargas December 24, 1941-January 26, 1942 Appointive
11 Leon Guinto January 27, 1942-July 17, 1944 Appointive
12 Hermenegildo Atienza July 18, 1944-July 18, 1945 Appointive
9 Juan G. Nolasco July 19, 1945-June 6, 1946 (2nd Term) Appointive
13 Valeriano Fugoso June 7, 1946-December 31, 1947 Appointive
14 Manuel de la Fuente January 1, 1948-December 31, 1951 Appointive
15 Arsenio Lacson January 1, 1952-April 15, 1962 Elected
16 Antonio J. Villegas April 16, 1962-December 31, 1971 Elected
17 Ramon Bagatsing January 1, 1972-March 26, 1986 Elected
18 Mel Lopez March 26, 1986-December 1, 1987 Elected
19 Gregorio Ejercito December 2, 1987-February 2, 1988 Appointive
18 Mel Lopez February 3, 1988-June 30, 1992 (2nd Term) Elected
20 Alfredo Lim June 30, 1992-March 27, 1998 Elected
21 Lito Atienza March 27, 1998-June 30, 2007 Elected
20 Alfredo Lim June 30, 2007-June 30, 2013 (2nd Term) Elected
22 Joseph Estrada June 30, 2013-Incumbent Elected

Elections

Vice Mayor of Manila

The Vice Mayor is the second-highest official of the city. The vice mayor is elected via popular vote; although most mayoral candidates have running mates, the vice mayor is elected separately from the mayor. This can result in the mayor and the vice mayor coming from different political parties.

The Vice Mayor is the presiding officer of the Manila City Council, although he can only vote as the tiebreaker. When a mayor is removed from office, the vice mayor becomes the mayor until the scheduled next election.

(1901–Present)

No. Name Term Elected And Appointive
1 Ramón J. Fernández August 7, 1901-September 18, 1914 Appointive
2 Justo Lukban September 19, 1914-January 15, 1917 Appointive
3 Miguel Romuáldez January 16, 1917-March 6, 1920 Appointive
4 Juan Posadas, Jr. March 7, 1920-February 8, 1924 Appointive
5 Honorio Lopez February 9, 1924-December 31, 1933 Appointive
6 Jorge B. Vargas January 1, 1934-January 4, 1940 Appointive
7 Hermenegildo Atienza January 5, 1940-July 17, 1944 Appointive
8 Joaquin R. Roces July 18, 1944-December 31, 1951 Appointive
9 Jesus Marcos Roces January 1, 1952-December 30, 1959 Elected
10 Antonio J. Villegas December 30, 1959-April 15, 1962 Elected
11 Herminio A. Astorga April 16, 1962-December 31, 1967 Elected
12 Felicisimo Cabigao January 1, 1968-December 31, 1970 Elected
13 Mel Lopez January 1, 1971-December 31, 1971 Elected
14 Martin B. Isidro, Sr. January 1, 1972-December 31, 1975 Elected
15 James Barbers January 1, 1976-March 26, 1986 Elected
16 Jaime C. Lopez March 26, 1986-March 27, 1987 Elected
17 Ernesto A. Nieva March 28, 1987-February 2, 1988 Elected
18 Danilo B. Lacuna, Sr. February 3, 1988-November 15, 1991 Elected
19 Ernesto V.P. Maceda, Jr. November 16, 1991-June 30, 1992 Elected
20 Lito Atienza June 30, 1992-March 27, 1998 Elected
17 Ernesto A. Nieva March 27, 1998-May 19, 1998 (2nd Term) Elected
21 Hilario C. Silva May 20, 1998-June 30, 1998 Elected
18 Danilo B. Lacuna, Sr. June 30, 1998-June 30, 2007 (2nd Term) Elected
22 Isko Moreno June 30, 2007-June 30, 2016 Elected

See also

References

  1. ^ Hancock 2000, p. 16
  2. ^ "Arsenio Lacson of Manila Dead (pay site)". New York Times. 1962-04-16. Retrieved 2008-02-02. Mr. Lacson had returned to the Nacionalista party, now in opposition, and was considered likely to be its Presidential candidate in 1965
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