Mill Rock

Mill Rock
	Mill Rock
Geography
Location	East River, New York County, New York, USA
Coordinates	40°46′51″N 73°56′18″W / 40.7807°N 73.9384°W
Administration
	United States

Mill Rock is a small unpopulated island between Manhattan and Queens in New York City. It lies about 1,000 feet (300 m) off Manhattan's East 96th Street,^[1] south of Randalls and Wards Islands, where the East River and Harlem River converge.

Mill Rock is located at Hell Gate, which was an infamously treacherous area for ships to pass.

History

The island was two smaller islands, when William Hallet bought them from the local tribes in 1664. In 1701, John Marsh built a mill on one of them and the islands came to be called Great Mill Rock and Little Mill Rock.^[1] The island was later squatted on by Sandy Gibson, who operated a farm there.^{[citation needed]}

During the War of 1812, the War Department built a blockhouse with two cannons on Great Mill Rock. This fortification was part of a chain of blockhouses that was intended to defend New York Harbor and protect the passage into Long Island Sound against the British Navy.^[1]

In 1885, the United States Army Corps of Engineers detonated 300,000 lb (136,000 kg) of explosives on adjoining Flood Rock; that island had been the most treacherous impediment to East River shipping. It was, most likely, the most forceful explosion in New York City's history at the time; it was felt as far away as Princeton, New Jersey.^[3]^[4] The explosion has been described as "the largest planned explosion before testing began for the atomic bomb",^[5] although the detonation at the Battle of Messines (1917) was larger. In 1890 the Flood Island remnants were used to fill the space between Great and Little Mill Rocks, producing Mill Rock.^[3]

Mill Rock Park

The island is owned by the City of New York and maintained by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation as Mill Rock Park. There is a dock on the southern shore of the island but it has not been open to the public since the 1960s, when there were public events, and it has since been allowed to return to its state of shrubbery. Since approximately 2008, the island has been home to a nesting colony of black-crowned night herons, great egrets, snowy egrets, great black-backed gulls, fish crows, and double-crested cormorants.^[5] The herons and egrets are thought to have relocated to Mill Rock from nearby North Brother Island. There are no plans for changes to the island.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Mill Rock Park", New York City Department of Parks & Recreation
^ Lossing, Benson (1868). The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. Harper & Brothers, Publishers. p. 973.
^ ^a ^b "Mill Rock Island - Historical Sign". nycgovparks.org. Retrieved 2009-04-12.
^ Buchanan, Brenda J (2006). Gunpowder, explosives and the state: a technological history. p. 367. ISBN 978-0-7546-5259-5.
^ ^a ^b Whitt, Toni (June 2, 2006). "The East River is Cleaner Now. The Water Birds Say So". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-12.

Mill Rock Island: Block 9000, Block Group 9, Census Tract 238, New York County; United States Census Bureau

[nycdpr-1] "Mill Rock Park", New York City Department of Parks & Recreation

[Lossing-2] Lossing, Benson (1868). The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. Harper & Brothers, Publishers. p. 973.

[nycgovparks-3] "Mill Rock Island - Historical Sign". nycgovparks.org. Retrieved 2009-04-12.

[4] Buchanan, Brenda J (2006). Gunpowder, explosives and the state: a technological history. p. 367. ISBN 978-0-7546-5259-5.

[Whitt-5] Whitt, Toni (June 2, 2006). "The East River is Cleaner Now. The Water Birds Say So". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-04-12.

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