Unified Communist Party of Italy

Unified Communist Party of Italy (in Italian: Partito Comunista Unificato d'Italia, PCUd'I) was a political party in Italy. The party upheld the Three Worlds Theory and retained contacts with the Chinese Communist Party following the death of Mao Zedong. The party vehemently opposed the Soviet Union and the Italian Communist Party.^[1] It was led by Osvaldo Pesce. The party published the journal Linea proletaria (Proletarian Line).

History

Organization of Marxist–Leninist Communists of Italy

The group emerged from the Organization of Marxist–Leninist Communists of Italy (Italian: Organizzazione dei comunisti (marxisti-leninisti) d'Italia), which was formed in 1970 after a split in the Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist) (PCd'I (m-l)) following the expulsion of the PCd'I (m-l) party hierarchy second-in-command Osvaldo Pesce.^[2]^[1]^[3]^[4]^[5] Osvaldo Pesce was the general secretary of the group.^[6] The organization began issuing the journal Linea proletaria ('Proletarian Line').^[3] Whilst the main Italian fraternal party of the Communist Party of China was the Fosco Dinucci [it]-led PCd'I (m-l), the CPC maintained relations with the Organization of Marxist–Leninist Communists of Italy as well.^[7]

Shifts in China

The Pesce group praised the new Chinese leadership following the death of Mao Zedong and the purge of the Gang of Four, earning Pesce an invitation to be received by Ji Dengkui in Beijing on behalf the CPC politburo in February 1977.^[1]^[6]

Unity congress

At a congress held in Rome between 6 and 8 May 1977, the Organization of Marxist–Leninist Communists of Italy merged with smaller groups (according to Peking Review, they were 'Struggle of Long Duration, Consciousness of the Workers and Proletarian Ideology') into the Unified Communist Party of Italy (PCUd'I).^[1]^[8] During the founding congress, Pesce attacked the Soviet Union and the Italian Communist Party, referring to Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev as the 'new Hitler' and called Enrico Berlinguer and Luciano Lama 'the greatest reactionaries in Italy'.^[1] Pesce retained the post of general secretary of the PCUd'I.^[9]^[10] Other Central Committee members included Burgani, Losurdo and Nappini.^[11]

Later developments

PCUd'I held its third party congress in Florence in July 1978, which reaffirmed the adherence of the party to Marxism-Leninism Mao Zedong Thought.^[12]^[13]

PCUd'I joined the Communist Coordination.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Bordone, S. (1983). LA NORMALIZZAZIONE DEI RAPPORTI TRA PCC E PCI. Il Politico, 48(1), 115–158.
^ Giuseppe Vettori. La sinistra extraparlamentare in Italia: Storia, documenti, analisi politica. Newton Compton italiana, 1973. p. 50
^ ^a ^b Dolores Negrello (2000). A pugno chiuso: il Partito comunista padovano dal biennio rosso alla stagione dei movimenti (in Italian). FrancoAngeli. p. 173. ISBN 9788846421463.
^ Mario Filippo Pini (2011). Italia e Cina, 60 anni tra passato e futuro (in Italian). L'Asino d'oro edizioni. p. 110. ISBN 9788864430638.
^ Linda Giuva; Valeria Vitale (1994). Guida agli archivi della Fondazione Istituto Gramsci di Roma (in Italian). Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici. p. 168. ISBN 9788871250779.
^ ^a ^b Chi Teng-kuei Meets Italian Marxist–Leninists Delegation. Peking Review. No. 10, 1977. p. 3
^ Franz Ansprenger; Erik von Groeling; Marie-Luise Näth (1975). Die Aussenpolitik Chinas: Entscheidungsstruktur : Stellung in D. Welt : Beziehungen z. Bundesrepublik Deutschland (in German). Oldenbourg. p. 346. ISBN 978-3-486-44221-2.
^ Unified Communist Party Formed. Peking Review. No. 25, 1977. p. 29
^ Translations on South and East Asia. Joint Publications Research Service. p. 6.
^ "Il Partito".
^ Sborník k problematice dějin imperialismu, Vol. 12-14. Ústav československých a světových dějin ČSAV., 1982. p. 152
^ Peking Review. Peking Review. 1978. p. 23.
^ Ciarán Ó Maoláin (1988). Political Parties of the World. Longman. p. 308. ISBN 978-0-582-02626-1.

[bo-1] Bordone, S. (1983). LA NORMALIZZAZIONE DEI RAPPORTI TRA PCC E PCI. Il Politico, 48(1), 115–158.

[2] Giuseppe Vettori. La sinistra extraparlamentare in Italia: Storia, documenti, analisi politica. Newton Compton italiana, 1973. p. 50

[Negrello2000-3] Dolores Negrello (2000). A pugno chiuso: il Partito comunista padovano dal biennio rosso alla stagione dei movimenti (in Italian). FrancoAngeli. p. 173. ISBN 9788846421463.

[Pini2011-4] Mario Filippo Pini (2011). Italia e Cina, 60 anni tra passato e futuro (in Italian). L'Asino d'oro edizioni. p. 110. ISBN 9788864430638.

[GiuvaVitale1994-5] Linda Giuva; Valeria Vitale (1994). Guida agli archivi della Fondazione Istituto Gramsci di Roma (in Italian). Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Ufficio centrale per i beni archivistici. p. 168. ISBN 9788871250779.

[pr77-6] Chi Teng-kuei Meets Italian Marxist–Leninists Delegation. Peking Review. No. 10, 1977. p. 3

[AnsprengerGroelingNäth1975-7] Franz Ansprenger; Erik von Groeling; Marie-Luise Näth (1975). Die Aussenpolitik Chinas: Entscheidungsstruktur : Stellung in D. Welt : Beziehungen z. Bundesrepublik Deutschland (in German). Oldenbourg. p. 346. ISBN 978-3-486-44221-2.

[pr77-25-8] Unified Communist Party Formed. Peking Review. No. 25, 1977. p. 29

[a-9] Translations on South and East Asia. Joint Publications Research Service. p. 6.

[10] "Il Partito".

[11] Sborník k problematice dějin imperialismu, Vol. 12-14. Ústav československých a světových dějin ČSAV., 1982. p. 152

[12] Peking Review. Peking Review. 1978. p. 23.

[Maoláin1988-13] Ciarán Ó Maoláin (1988). Political Parties of the World. Longman. p. 308. ISBN 978-0-582-02626-1.

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