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Pacific Islander Americans

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Pacific Islands Americans
Oceanian Americans
Total population
540,013 alone
0.2% of the total U.S. population (2010 Census)[1]
1,225,195 alone or in combination
0.4% of the total U.S. population (2010 Census)
Regions with significant populations
 American Samoa,  Guam,
 Northern Mariana Islands,
 California,  Hawaii,  Washington,  Oregon,  Nevada,  Alaska,
 Texas
Languages
American English, Polynesian languages, Micronesian languages
Religion
Christianity, Polytheism, Bahá'í, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism
Related ethnic groups
Pacific Islanders, Austronesians

Pacific Islands Americans, also known as Oceanian Americans, Pacific Islander Americans, or Native Hawaiian and/or other Pacific Islander Americans, are Americans who have ethnic ancestry among the indigenous peoples of Oceania (viz. Polynesians, Melanesians and Micronesians). For its purposes, the U.S. Census also counts Indigenous Australians as part of this group.[2][3]

Pacific Islander Americans make up 0.5% of the U.S. population including those with partial Pacific Islander ancestry, enumerating about 1.4 million people. The largest ethnic subgroups of Pacific Islander Americans are Native Hawaiians, Samoans, Chamorros, Fijians, Marshallese and Tongans. Native Hawaiians, Samoans, Tongans, and Chamorros have large communities in Hawaii, California, Utah, American Samoa, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, with sizable communities in Washington, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, and Alaska. Fijians are predominantly based in California.

American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands are insular areas (U.S. territories), while Hawaii is a state.

Population

In the 2000 and 2010 U.S. Census, the term "Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander" refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Tonga, Samoa, Fiji, the Marshalls or other Pacific Islands.

In the 2010 census 1,225,195 Americans claimed "'Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander'" as their race alone or in combination.

Pacific Islands Americans in the 2000[4]–2010 U.S. Census[5] (From over 1,000 people)

Ancestry 2000 2000 % of Pacific Islands American population 2010 2010 % of Pacific Islands American population
Native Hawaiians 401,162 45.9% 527,077 43.0%
Samoan 133,281 15.2% 184,440 15.1%
Chamorro 93,237 (Guamanian or Chamorro: 92,611; Saipanese: 475; Mariana Islander: 141) 10.7% 148,220 (Guamanian or Chamorro: 147,798; Saipanese: 1,031; Mariana Islander: 391) 12.2%
Tongan 36,840 4.2% 57,183 4.7%
Fijian 13,581 1.6% 32,304 2.6%
Marshallese 6,650 0.8% 22,434 1.8%
Palauan 3,469 0.4% 7,450 0.6%
French Polynesian 3,313 0.4% 5,062 0.4%
Polynesians with New Zealand citizenship (Māori, Tokelauans, Niueans, Cook Islanders) 2,422 (Māori: 1,994; Tokelauans: 574) 0.3% 925 (Tokelauans only) 0.1%
Micronesian (FSM) 1,948 0.2% 8,185 0.7%
"Micronesian" (not specified) 9,940 1.1% 29,112 2.4%
"Polynesian" (not specified) 8,796 1.0% 9,153 0.7%
Others 188,389 % 241,952 %
TOTAL 874,414 100.0% 1,225,195 100.0%

Location

State/territory Pacific Islands
Americans alone
(2010 US Census)[6]		 Pacific Islands Americans
alone or in combination
(2010 US Census)[7]		 Percentage
(Pacific Islands
Americans alone)[note 1]
 Alabama 5,208 7,984 0.1%
 Alaska 7,662 11,360 1.0%
 American Samoa 51,403[8] 52,790[9] 92.6%[10]
 Arizona 16,112 28,431 0.2%
 Arkansas 6,685 8,597 0.2%
 California 181,431 320,036 0.8%
 Colorado 8,420 16,823 0.1%
 Connecticut 3,491 6,864 0.0%
 Delaware 690 1,423 0.0%
 District of Columbia 770 1,514 -
 Florida 18,790 43,416 -
Georgia (U.S. state) Georgia 10,454 18,587 0.1%
 Guam 78,582 [11] 90,238 [12] 49.3%[13]
 Hawaii 138,292 358,951 10.0%
 Idaho 2,786 5,508 0.1%
 Illinois 7,436 15,873 -
 Indiana 3,532 7,392 0.1%
 Iowa 2,419 4,173 0.1%
 Kansas 2,864 5,445 0.1%
 Kentucky 3,199 5,698 0.1%
 Louisiana 2,588 5,333 -
 Maine 377 1,008 -
 Maryland 5,391 11,553 -
 Massachusetts 5,971 12,369 -
 Michigan 3,442 10,010 <0.1%
 Minnesota 2,958 6,819 0.0%
 Mississippi 1,700 3,228 -
 Missouri 7,178 12,136 0.1%
 Montana 734 1,794 0.1%
 Nebraska 2,061 3,551 0.1%
 Nevada 19,307 35,435 0.6%
 New Hampshire 532 1,236 -
 New Jersey 7,731 15,777 -
 New Mexico 3,132 5,750 0.1%
 New York 24,000 45,801 0.1%
 North Carolina 10,309 17,891 0.1%
 North Dakota 334 801 0.1%
 Northern Mariana Islands 18,800 [14] 24,891 [15] 34.9%[16]
 Ohio 5,336 11,380 0.03%
 Oklahoma 5,354 9,052 0.1%
 Oregon 14,649 26,936 0.4%
 Pennsylvania 7,115 14,662 -
 Puerto Rico 370[17] No data 0.009%
 Rhode Island 1,602 2,803 0.1%
 South Carolina 3,957 6,988 0.1%
 South Dakota 517 1,040 0.1%
 Tennessee 5,426 9,359 0.1%
 Texas 31,242 54,801 0.1%
 Utah 26,049 37,994 1.3%
 Vermont 175 476 -
United States Virgin Islands Virgin Islands (U.S.) No data[note 2] No data -
 Virginia 8,201 17,233 0.1%
 Washington 43,505 73,213 0.6%
 West Virginia 485 1,295 -
 Wisconsin 2,505 5,558 -
 Wyoming 521 1,137 0.1%
 United States 674,625 1,332,494 0.2%

Micronesian Americans

Micronesian Americans are Americans of Micronesian descent.

According to the 2010 census, the largest Chamoru populations were located in California, Washington and Texas, but their combined number from these three states totaled less than half the number living throughout the U.S. It also revealed that the Chamoru people are the most geographically dispersed Oceanic ethnicity in the country.[19]

Marshallese Americans or Marshallese come from the Marshall Islands. In the 2010 census 22,434 Americans identified as being of Marshallese descent.

Because of the Marshall Islands entering the Compact of Free Association in 1986, Marshallese have been allowed to migrate and work in the United States. There are many reasons why Marshallese came to the United States. Some Marshallese came for educational opportunities, particularly for their children. Others sought work or better health care than what’s available in the islands. Massive layoffs by the Marshallese government in 2000 led to a second big wave of immigration.

Arkansas has the largest Marshallese population with over 6,000 residents. Many live in Springdale, and the Marshallese comprise over 5% of the city's population. Other significant Marshallese populations include Spokane and Costa Mesa.

Polynesian Americans

Polynesian Americans are Americans of Polynesian descent.

Large subcategories of Polynesian Americans include Native Hawaiians and Samoan Americans. In addition there are smaller communities of Tongan Americans (see Culture and diaspora of Tonga), French Polynesian Americans, and Māori Americans.

A Samoan American is an American who is of ethnic Samoan descent either from the independent nation Samoa or the American territory of American Samoa. Samoan American is a subcategory of Polynesian American. About 55,000 people live on American Samoa, while the US census in 2000 and 2008 has found 4 times the number of Samoan Americans live in the mainland USA.

California has the most Samoans; concentrations live in the San Francisco Bay Area, Los Angeles County, and San Diego County. San Francisco has approximately 2,000 people of Samoan ancestry, and other Bay Area cities such as East Palo Alto and Daly City have Samoan communities. In Los Angeles County, Long Beach and Carson have abundant Samoan communities, as well as in Oceanside in San Diego County.[20][21][22] Other West Coast metropolitan areas such as Seattle have strong Samoan communities, mainly in King County and in Tacoma. Anchorage, Alaska and Honolulu, Hawaii both have thousands of Samoan Americans residing in each city.

Persons born in American Samoa are United States nationals, but not United States citizens.[23] (This is the only circumstance under which an individual would be one and not the other.) For this reason, Samoans can move to Hawaii or the mainland United States and obtain citizenship comparatively easily. Like Hawaiian Americans, the Samoans arrived in the mainland in the 20th century as agricultural laborers and factory workers.

Elsewhere in the United States, Samoan Americans are plentiful throughout the state of Utah, as well as in Killeen, Texas, Norfolk, Virginia and Independence, Missouri.

A Tongan American is an American who is of ethnic Tongan descent. Utah has the largest Tongan American population and Hawaii has the second largest. Many of the first Tongan Americans came to the United States in connection to the LDS Church.

Military

Based on 2003 recruiting data, Pacific Islander Americans were 249% over-represented in the military.[24]

American Samoans are distinguished among the wider Pacific Islander group for enthusiasm for enlistment. In 2007, a Chicago Tribune reporter covering the island's military service noted, "American Samoa is one of the few places in the nation where military recruiters not only meet their enlistment quotas but soundly exceed them."[25] As of 23 March 2009 there have been 10 American Samoans who have died in Iraq, and 2 who have died in Afghanistan.[26]

Pacific Islander Americans are also represented in the Navy SEALS, making up .6% of the enlisted and .1% of the officers.[27]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Percentage of the state population that identifies itself as Pacific Islanders relative to the state/territory population as a whole — the percentage is of Pacific Islands Americans alone.
  2. ^ On the U.S. Census Bureau website's U.S. Virgin Islands demographic profile, Pacific Islanders are not listed as a separate group — Pacific Islanders are in the group "other", which includes Asians and other ethnic groups[18]

References

  1. ^ "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010" (PDF). US Census Bureau.
  2. ^ University of Virginia. Geospatial and Statistical Data Center. "1990 PUMS Ancestry Codes." 2003. August 30, 2007."Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2007-08-31. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ University of Michigan. Census 1990: Ancestry Codes. August 27, 2007
  4. ^ The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population, Census 2000
  5. ^ The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010 Census, 2010 Census Briefs, United States Bureau of the Census, May 2012
  6. ^ US Census Bureau: " Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States, States, and Counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015" retrieved September 05, 2016 - select state from drop-down menu
  7. ^ US Census Bureau: " Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States, States, and Counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015" retrieved September 05, 2016 - select state from drop-down menu
  8. ^ ETHNIC ORIGIN OR RACE: Total ethnic origin and race groups tallied more information 2010 American Samoa Summary File
  9. ^ ETHNIC ORIGIN OR RACE ALONE OR IN COMBINATION Universe: Total ethnic origin and race groups tallied more information 2010 American Samoa Summary File
  10. ^ https://www.indexmundi.com/american_samoa/demographics_profile.html Indexmundi.com. American Samoa. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  11. ^ ETHNIC ORIGIN OR RACE: Total ethnic origin and race groups tallied more information 2010 Guam Summary File
  12. ^ ETHNIC ORIGIN OR RACE ALONE OR IN COMBINATION Universe: Total ethnic origin and race groups tallied more information 2010 Guam Summary File
  13. ^ https://www.indexmundi.com/guam/demographics_profile.html Indexmundi.com. Guam. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  14. ^ ETHNIC ORIGIN OR RACE: Total ethnic origin and race groups tallied more information 2010 Northern Mariana Islands Summary File
  15. ^ ETHNIC ORIGIN OR RACE ALONE OR IN COMBINATION Universe: Total ethnic origin and race groups tallied more information 2010 Northern Mariana Islands Summary File
  16. ^ https://www.indexmundi.com/northern_mariana_islands/demographics_profile.html Indexmundi.com. Northern Mariana Islands. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
  17. ^ https://suburbanstats.org/race/puerto-rico/how-many-native-hawaiian-pacific-islander-people-live-in-puerto-rico Suburbanstats.org. Pacific Islanders in Puerto Rico. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  18. ^ https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk Factfinder.census.gov. U.S. Virgin Islands demographic profile. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  19. ^ "2010 Census Shows More than Half of Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders Report Multiple Races". United States Census 2010. United States government. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  20. ^ Knight, Heather (March 1, 2006). "A YEAR AT MALCOLM X: Second Chance at Success Samoan families learn American culture". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
  21. ^ Sahagun, Louis (October 1, 2009). "Samoans in Carson hold church services for tsunami, earthquake victims". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
  22. ^ Garrison, Jessica. "Samoan Americans at a Crossroads", Los Angeles Times, April 14, 2000. Retrieved 2010-10-3.
  23. ^ https://harvardlawreview.org/2017/04/american-samoa-and-the-citizenship-clause/ American Samoa and the Citizenship Clause: A Study in Insular Cases Revisionism. Chapter 3. Harvard Law Review. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
  24. ^ "Who Bears the Burden?". Heritage Foundation.
  25. ^ Scharnberg, Kirsten (March 21, 2007). "Young Samoans have little choice but to enlist". Chicago Tribune.
  26. ^ Congressman Faleomavaega (23 March 2009). "WASHINGTON, D.C.—AMERICAN SAMOA DEATH RATE IN THE IRAQ WAR IS HIGHEST AMONG ALL STATES AND U.S. TERRITORIES". Press Release. United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on 9 October 2009. Retrieved 30 September 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ "Navy SEALS to Diversify". Time. March 12, 2012.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Islander_Americans&oldid=863351627"