Palamau Tiger Reserve
| Palamau Tiger Reserve | |
|---|---|
  Palamau Tiger Reserve | |
| Location | Jharkhand, India |
| Nearest city | Daltonganj |
| Coordinates | 23°41′20″N 84°14′56″E / 23.68889°N 84.24889°E |
| Area | 1129.93 km2[1] |
| Established | November, 1973 |
The Palamau Tiger Reserve is one of the nine original tiger reserves in India[2] and the only one in the state of Jharkhand, India. It forms part of Betla National Park and Palamau Wildlife Sanctuary.
Formation
The area in Latehar District in Jharkhand was set aside as protected in 1974 under the Indian Forests Act. Before the formation of the reserve, the area was used for cattle grazing and camping; it was acutely prone to forest fire.[2] In 1973, the area was set up as the Palamau Tiger Reserve.
Area
The tiger reserve has a total area of 1,129.93 square kilometres (436 sq mi) with a core area of 414.93 km2 and a buffer area of 650 km2.[1][3]
Ramandag, Latoo and Kujurum forest villages are in the core area. Most of the villages are small; one village, Meral, consisted in 1993 of just 99 acres (400,000 m2) of land, 9 families and 78 people.[2] In 1993 there were 45 villages in the buffer area and about 60 more in the periphery of the reserve.
As of 2012[update], that number had grown to 136 villages that fall under the "buffer area" regulations of the Palamau Tiger Reserve.[3] Only seven of the villages were in existence in 1923.[2] The villagers have no legal claim to lands that were settled after 1973 when the buffer area for the reserve was created.[3]
Wildlife
The tiger population is extremely scarce and counting them has become particularly difficult due to Naxalite activities that have increased since 1990. As of 2012[update], the count, using DNA to prevent over-counting, is one male and five female tigers.[4][5]
The initial count in 1973 when the tiger reserve was created was 50 tigers,[5] but some claim that this was an over-count without adequate controls.[1] By 2005 the number of tigers was down to 38.[5] The census in 2007 found only 17 tigers.[5] The 2009 tiger census based on DNA analysis indicated that there were just six tigers in the reserve. The forest department claimed that, since the core area was almost inaccessible due to difficult terrain and the Naxalite presence, the census may not have found all the tigers.[1] No new tigers have been found in the years since[5] and decreased game and hunting opportunities suggest that these are the only six.[4]
As of 1989, 65 elephants were believed to reside in the reserve.[6]
Apart from tigers and elephants, leopards, gaurs, sambars and wild dogs live in the reserve.[7] (For a more exhaustive list see article about Betla National Park.) Though the North Koel River runs through the reserve, the animals depend on man-made holes for water, making them easily accessible to humans.[8]
Over 140 species of birds (including peafowl) have been sighted in the reserve.[9]
Two white vultures were spotted by the officials of Palamau Tiger Reserve in Chainpur in 2013.[10] They were seen on the sand bed of River North Koel, said sources. This is the first time in 10 years that a vulture has been sighted in Palamau.
Issues
- Increased pressure from human activities, including illegal settlement and poaching, has reduced the number of tigers and the ability of the reserve to support more tigers.[3][4][11]
- Funding has been a continuing problem.[3] Since there is not an adequate management plan for the reserve, it continues to be so.[5]
- Staff shortage is big problem. Monitoring, protection and conservation work is not applied in all region of this reserve.
See also
References
- ^ a b c d "Just six tigers left in Palamau Tiger Reserve". The Hindu. November 2, 2010. Archived from the original on 7 November 2010. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d Prasad, R. R.; Jahagirdar, M. P. (1993). Tribal Situation in Forest Villages: Changing subsistence strategies and adaptation. New Delhi, India: Discovery Publishing House. p. 47. ISBN 978-81-7141-234-1.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e "Tiger Foundation for Palamu reserve in the offing". Times of India. 25 July 2012. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c "Palamu Tiger Reserve's lone male tiger counting its days". Times of India. 24 July 2012. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d e f Mishra, Alok K. N. (15 September 2012). "PTR may lose central funds". Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Sukumar, R. (1989). The Asian Elephant: ecology and management. Cambridge University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-521-36080-7.
- ^ "Palamau Tiger Reserve". Jharkhand Government. Archived from the original on 2 February 2009.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Bhatt, Shankarlal C.; Bhargava, Gopal K. (2006). Land and people of Indian states and union territories in 36 volumes, volume 12 Jharkhand. Delhi, India: Gyan Publishing House (Kalpaz Publications). p. 216. ISBN 978-81-7835-368-5.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Bansal, Sunita Pant (2005). Encyclopaedia of India. New Delhi, India: Smriti Books. p. 122. ISBN 978-81-87967-71-2.
- ^ Rare vultures sighted in Palamu after a decade, The Times of India
- ^ "Sniffer dogs to check sale of deer meat in Palamu Tiger Reserve". Times of India. 5 September 2012. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012.
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