Skycam
Skycam is a computer-controlled, stabilized, cable-suspended camera system. The system is maneuvered through three dimensions in the open space over a playing area of a stadium or arena by computer-controlled cable-drive system. It is responsible for bringing video game–like camera angles to television sports coverage. The camera package weighs less than 14 kg (30.86 lbs) and can travel at 13 m/s (29.08 mph).
Invented by Garrett Brown (also the inventor of the Steadicam), Skycam was acquired by Winnercomm, Inc. in 2004. On January 12, 2009, Winnercomm was acquired by Outdoor Channel Holdings, Inc. (now a subsidiary of Kroenke Sports & Entertainment), parent company of the Outdoor Channel.[1]
Usage
"Skycam" is a trademarked name. However, with the expiration of the original patents, other companies have entered the market, and the term "Skycam" is used generically for any cable-controlled camera system. Fox Sports refers to their system as the DLP Ultimate Picture Cam, its title sponsored by the Texas Instruments projection method.
Skycam, and systems like it, have been in limited use since the mid-1980s when the technology was first patented, but until the mid-1990s progress was slow due to limitations in computer and servo motor technology.
Prior to the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles, it was proposed that Skycam be used at the Ceremonies and Track & Field. A test run was held at the Coliseum. The images were terrific. However, during its last test, it sped very fast low to the ground and the entire length of the field. It "crashed" into the football goal post at the Peristyle end of the Coliseum and fell to the ground in pieces. It was not used at the Olympics that year.
Skycam was first publicly used in fall 1984, at a preseason National Football League game in San Diego between the Chargers and 49ers, televised by CBS.[2] NBC debuted the first wire-flown remote-controlled camera used in sports coverage at the 1985 Orange Bowl.[3] But its use did not become widespread until February 2001 when it was used for the XFL by NBC Sports where it was referred to as the X Cam.
It was used to film the first music video ever, in 1985, for 'It Only Love' (Duet with Bryan Adams). (https://www.tina-turner.nl/blog/documentary-video-killed-radio-star-tina-turner/)
ESPN first used Skycam in 2001 for an NFL pre-season telecast and then consistently in 2002 for Sunday Night Football broadcasts. Since then, ESPN and sister-network ABC have made widespread use of Skycam for NCAA football, Monday Night Football, and Super Bowl XXXVII respectively, as well as auto racing including NASCAR and IndyCar series events.
Systems from Skycam and CableCam (invented by Jim Rodnunsky and a competing product) have also been used for the NBA and NHL final series and the beginning of the 2005 and 2006 NASCAR season broadcast on Fox. CableCam was used on the famous 17th hole at the TPC at Sawgrass for NBC's coverage of The Players Championship in 2005. CBC used a CableCam in their broadcasts of the 2005 and 2006 Grey Cups.[4] CBS used a SkyCam for their coverage of the 2010 NCAA Men's Basketball Final Four games in Lucas Oil Stadium.
In Australia, the Nine Network trialed Skycam for three of their Friday Night Football broadcasts of the Australian Football League for the 2004 season. It was also used in the State of Origin series.
The first use of Skycam for an MLS broadcast was on April 2, 2005 for an ESPN broadcast of a match between DC United and Chivas USA at the Home Depot Center in Carson, California. [5] However, the use of Skycam soon proved to be controversial a few weeks later on April 23, 2005 when the camera crashed to the field of the Home Depot Center during a match between the LA Galaxy and Chivas USA. [6]
Skycam has been used infrequently for MLS broadcasts since then, including the 2015 MLS All-Star Game. On April 2, 2016, Sporting Kansas City debuted the league's first semi-permanent Skycam installation at Children's Mercy Park, in a match against Real Salt Lake.[7]
Technical overview
Skycam consists of three major components: the reel—the motor drive and cables, the spar—the counterbalanced pan and tilt video camera, and central control, the computer software used by the operator to fly the camera.
Reels
The system consists of four reels anchored at high fixed points at corners of the stadium or arena (the cables are attached to fixed spars formed by tall extensible lift platforms when permanent anchors are not available). Each reel is a cable spool with 4.5 horsepower (3.4 kW) motor and disc brakes with its own computer capable of a .01" positioning resolution. The cable is a braided Kevlar jacketed single mode optical fiber with conductive copper elements and is capable of supporting 600 lbs on a single cable.
Mobile spar
The 36" tall spar contains the Sony HD camera, the pan and tilt motor, and stabilization sensors. Weighing only 45 pounds, the package also includes a power distribution module and electronics for fiber optic signaling.
Central control
Central control is an industrial grade, Linux computer workstation that provides camera flight and video control. Both a pilot (the one who flies the spar in 3D space) and the operator (the one who controls the camera pan, tilt, zoom and focus) use this system for controlling the overall video shot. The central computer system uses a custom software package to control each aspect of the camera system, including motion, video, and obstacle avoidance.
Incidents
- In the December 20, 2009 Las Vegas Bowl between the Oregon State Beavers and the BYU Cougars, Skycam had to be taken down as a result of high winds. Gusts were reported at over 40 miles per hour.
- In the 2011 Insight Bowl on December 30, 2011 between the Iowa Hawkeyes and the Oklahoma Sooners, Skycam crashed onto the field with 2:22 left to play, almost striking Iowa receiver Marvin McNutt. The game was delayed for about 5 minutes as a result, as the camera and its cables were removed from the field of play.[8]
See also
References
Notes
- ^ Robert Evatt, "TV client buys Winnercomm: Outdoor Channel pays an undisclosed sum for the Tulsa company", Tulsa World, January 13, 2009.
- ^ Cone, Lawrence L. (October 1985). "Skycam: An Aerial Robotic Camera System". BYTE. p. 122. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ^ ""The Design and Operation of Skycam" by McConkey, Larry - American Cinematographer, Vol. 66, Issue 4, April 1985 - Online Research Library: Questia".
- ^ "CBC will be stringing viewers along". CFL.ca. 2005-08-08. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
- ^ "ABC, ESPN2 unveil broadcast team, enhancements for 2005". Retrieved 2016-06-22.
- ^ "MSL notes: Adu continues to prove he deserves more minutes". Deseret News. Retrieved 2016-06-22.
- ^ McDowell, Sam. "Sporting KC telecasts will soon show soccer in a new way". The Kansas City Star.
- ^ "No one hurt after camera falls at Insight Bowl" Houston Chronicle (December 31, 2011)
Bibliography
- Gwinn, Eric (November 11, 2004). "Working the angles". Chicago Tribune.
External links
