Stem bromelain

Stem bromelain (SBM) (EC 3.4.22.32), a proteolytic enzyme, is a widely accepted phytotherapeutical drug member of the bromelain family of proteolytic enzymes obtained from Ananas comosus.^[1] Some of the therapeutic benefits of SBM are reversible inhibition of platelet aggregation, angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis, surgical traumas, thrombophlebitis, pyelonephritis and enhanced absorption of drugs, particularly of antibiotics.^[2]^[3]^[4] Its anti-metastasis and anti-inflammatory activities are apparently independent of its proteolytic activity.^[2] Although poorly understood, the diverse pleiotrophic effects of SBM seem to depend on its ability to traverse the membrane barrier,^[5]^[6] a very unusual property of this protein.

References

^ Buck M (1998) Trifluoroethanol and colleagues: cosolvents come of age. Quart Rev Biophys 31: 297–355.
^ ^a ^b Thomas PD, Dill KA (1993) Local and nonlocal interactions in global proteins and mechanisms of alcohol denaturation. Protein Sci 2: 2050–2065.
^ Liu Y, Bolen DW (1995) Peptide backbone plays a dominant role in protein stabilization by naturally occurring osmolytes, Biochemistry 34: 12884–12891.
^ Blanco FJ, Jiménez MA, Pineda A, Rico M, Santoro J, Nieto JL (1994) NMR solution structure of the isolated N-terminal fragment of protein-G B1 domain. Evidence of trifluoroethanol induced native-like β-hairpin formation, Biochemistry 33: 6004–6014.
^ Schönbrunner N, Wey J, Engels J, Gerog H, Kiefhaber T (1996) Native-like β-structure in a trifluoroethanol-induced partially folded state of the all β-sheet protein tendamistate. J Mol Biol 260: 432–445.
^ Hirota N, Mizuno K, Goto Y (1998) Group additive contributions to the alcohol-induced α-helix formation of melittin. J Mol Biol 275: 365–378.

Stem+bromelain at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

v t e Proteases: cysteine proteases (EC 3.4.22)
Caspase	Caspase 1 Caspase 2 Caspase 3 Caspase 4 Caspase 5 Caspase 6 Caspase 7 Caspase 8 Caspase 9 Caspase 10 Caspase 12 Caspase 13 Caspase 14
Fruit-derived	Papain Ficain Bromelain Actinidain
Calpain	CAPN1 CAPN2 CAPN3 CAPN5 CAPN6 CAPN7 CAPN8 CAPN9 CAPN10 CAPN11 CAPN12 CAPN13 CAPN14 CAPNS1 CAPNS2
Cathepsin	B C F H K L1/L2 O S W Z
Other	Clostripain Cancer procoagulant Separase Autophagin Cruzipain 3C-like protease Gingipain R Gingipain K

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)