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Tool

Tool is an American progressive rock band, formed in 1990 in Los Angeles, California, when drummer Danny Carey joined the rehearsal of his neighbor, singer Maynard James Keenan, guitarist Adam Jones and bassist Paul d'Amour, when nobody else would show up. His decision proved to be a stroke of luck when the band turned out to become a highly successful act, "introducing dark, vaguely underground metal to the preening pretentiousness of art rock"[1] — most notably due to their influential third release, Ænima (1996).

They have gained appreciation and critical praise for a complex and ever-evolving sound, that ranges from "slam and bang" heavy metal on their first release[2] to more progressive influenced songwriting on Lateralus (2001) which "in another era [...] would have been considered progressive rock, ten tons of impressive pretension."[3] Their overall sound has been described as "grinding, post-Jane's Addiction heavy metal"[1] as well as "a primal sound as distinct as it is disturbing"[4] — most simplified categorizations of the band's genre are often dismissed (see: Arguments About Genre & Categorization). They are known for addressing philosophical and spiritual issues in their lyrics, such as evolution and Jungian psychology ("Forty Six & 2"), organized religion ("Opiate") and transcendence ("Lateralus"), as well as for songs that feature "complex rhythm changes, haunting vocals, and an onslaught of changes in dynamics"[5] which often result in a greater-than-average track length.

Their music has been influenced by King Crimson,[6] Led Zeppelin,[7] Pink Floyd,[5] Rush, Meshuggah, and early Yes. In turn, Tool's music has been deemed influential by critics and fellow artists alike.

Currently

Cover of Tool's latest album, 10,000 Days.
2006—2007
Tour by Tool
Legs1 minor and 1 major leg each in Northern America and Europe, 1 minor leg in Japan
No. of shows67

10,000 Days

Main article: 10,000 Days

Tool's latest record, 10,000 Days, was released on April 28, 2006, in parts of Europe, April 29 in Australia, May 1 in the UK, and May 2 in the US. The album opener "Vicarious" premiered on US radio stations on April 17. The album itself sold 564,000 copies in its opening week in the US alone, securing the top spot on the Billboard 200 charts.[8] However, the critical reception of 10,000 Days was less favourable than its predecessor Lateralus (as indicated by a Metacritic average score of 66).[9]

New tour

After the release of 10,000 Days, a tour kicked off at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival on April 30, 2006. Much like the Lateralus tour of 2001, it was followed by a handful of shows in smaller venues and theaters in the U.S. and Canada, and then festivals, like the Download Festival and Rock am Ring, and solo shows in Europe.

In fall of 2006, Tool toured all across North America (except for the South East region of the U.S.), playing in large arenas and amphitheatres with support by Isis. From November to mid-December, they returned to Europe to present the stage show in largely different cities than the first leg, with Mastodon as the opening act. Tool are currently touring Australia to headline the Big Day Out music festival with sideshows in Sydney and Melbourne.

Tool have released some February-March 2007 Japan and U.S. tour dates, which can be found on their official website.[3]

History

The early days (1990–1995)

During the 1980s the future members of Tool, guitarist/bassist Paul d'Amour, drummer Danny Carey, guitarist Adam Jones and singer Maynard James Keenan coincidentally moved to Los Angeles. Both d'Amour and Jones wanted to enter the film industry. Carey became a professional drummer playing for Carole King, Pigmy Love Circus and Green Jellÿ.

File:Screenshot tool sober lollapalooza 93 mtv clip.jpg
Tool appeared on the 2nd stage Lollapalooza in 1993. Jones, Keenan and Carey are pictured from left to right, performing "Sober" [2]

Keenan, along with d'Amour and Jones, started their own band at the end of the decade. Carey was introduced to Jones by Tom Morello, an old high school friend of Jones. In 1990 when Carey, then a neighbor of Keenan, joined their rehearsal, Tool was formed. The next year Tool began touring with Rollins Band, Skitzo, Fishbone, and Rage Against the Machine.[10]

Tool received immediate recognition for their first commercial release, Opiate (1992), which borrows its name from Karl Marx's famous quote: "Religion is the opiate of the people." The six-song EP included the "hardest sounding" songs the band had written to that point, among them the singles "Hush" and "Opiate."[11] A music video for "Hush" was created by Failure's Ken Andrews, with the band members appearing naked and their mouths covered by duct tape, symbolically protesting censorship. Ironically, due to FCC regulations requiring the censorship of genitalia, the video eventually showed the band's genitalia covered with parental guidance stickers.[12]

Tool were quick to release their first full-length album, Undertow (1993), soon after Opiate, because many of the songs on Undertow had already been written at the time Opiate was released.[11] Eventually, they were hired to play the 2nd stage at Lollapalooza in 1993, where they attracted great attention. The band was quickly moved to the main stage because of their "presence, prowess and power."[10] This helped to boost the popularity of Undertow and before long, the album was certified gold by the RIAA. The album was later certified double platinum on May 14, 2001.

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The band received negative publicity, however, with the release of the 1994 single "Prison Sex" and its music video, directed and created by Adam Jones. The American branch of MuchMusic called the band into question by deeming the video too graphic and offensive.[10] MTV stopped airing the video after a few viewings — both due to a symbolic dealing with the sensitive subject of child abuse.[13]

In May of 1993, Tool was scheduled to play the Garden Pavilion in Hollywood. The band learned at the last minute that the Garden Pavilion belonged to L. Ron Hubbard’s Church of Scientology which "betrays the band’s ethics about how a person should not follow a belief system that constricts their development as a human being."[10] In a recent interview with Blender, Maynard recalled that he "spent most of the show baa-ing like a sheep at the audience."[14]

Before our set this guy tries to intimidate me by showing me a gun in his jacket. I explained to him that if he pissed me off I’d start a riot.[14]

In September 1995, shortly after recording for their second album began, D'Amour left the band amicably. In October Maynard contacted an old highschool friend, Chris Floyd, to replace D'Amour; however Floyd turned Maynard down to raise his newborn child in the small town of Sierra Vista, Arizona. In November, D'Amour was replaced by Justin Chancellor, a member of Peach, an English band with whom Tool had previously toured in Europe.

File:Tool aenima cover dedication to hicks.jpg
This version of the Ænima (1996) artwork shows a dedication to satirist Bill Hicks — "another dead hero."

After Justin Chancellor came on board, Tool finished the already-begun Ænima, which was subsequently released in October of 1996. Once again, a single had difficulty gaining airplay; this time it was "Stinkfist." MTV renamed the music video of the song to "Track #1" because of the offensive connotations, and multiple radio edits were made to both shorten the song and change its lyrics. However, an overwhelming fan response compelled most radio stations to play the track uncut. In addition, Matt Pinfield, the host of MTV's 120 Minutes, responded to fan complaints by waving his fist in front of his face on air while explaining the reason for the name change as he introduced the video.[15] Ænima would be Tool's last studio album release for five years.

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Ænima was dedicated to satirist Bill Hicks who died two-and-a-half years before its release. Some clips of Hicks' performances are included on both Ænima and Undertow, including multiple sketches about psychedelic drugs and a sample of a bleating sheep. The lenticular casing of the Ænima shows California falling into the Pacific Ocean, and the chorus of the song "Ænema" features the lyric "Learn to swim, I'll see you down in Arizona Bay"; these are references to another popular Hicks sketch about his hatred of Los Angeles. Eventually, "Ænema" would win Tool their first Grammy Award.[16]

During their 1997 tour to support the album, Tool appeared at Lollapalooza again, this time as a headliner, gaining critical praise from the NY Times:

"Tool was returning in triumph to Lollapalooza after appearing among the obscure bands on the festival's smaller stage in 1993. Now Tool is the prime attraction for a festival that's struggling to maintain its purpose. [...] Tool uses taboo-breaking imagery for hellfire moralizing in songs that swerve from bitter reproach to nihilistic condemnation. Its music has refined all the troubled majesty of grunge."[17]

That same year, Volcano Records alleged contract violations by Tool and filed suit. Tool looked at offers from other record labels, an action not allowed by the contract, according to Volcano. After Tool filed a counter suit stating that Volcano failed to use a renewal option in their contract, the parties settled out of court. The parties later agreed to a new contract and a three-record deal. This legal battle put a great strain on the band and delayed work on their next album.[18] During this time, Keenan founded a new band, A Perfect Circle, with long-time Tool guitar tech Billy Howerdel.

At this point, rumors that Tool were breaking up were beginning to spread[citation needed], until the band released the box set Salival in 2000, effectively putting an end to the rumors. The box set featured one new original recording, "Merkaba," as well as recordings of unique live versions and B-sides, including a cover of Led Zeppelin's "No Quarter," a Peach cover called "You Lied" and a new version of "Pushit," which became extremely popular among fans. Also included in the box set were four of the band's videos, "Stinkfist," "Ænema," "Prison Sex" and "Sober." The DVD also contained a bonus video of the track "Hush," from the Opiate EP. Although this release did not produce any singles, the hidden track "Maynard's Dick" (a track which dates back to the Opiate era) briefly found its way to FM radio when several DJs chose to sneak it onto the air without permission.

Lateralus - Rumors, a tour, and DVD singles (2001-2005)

File:Tool KingCrimson Poster 20010803 redrocks.jpg
In 2001 progressive rock legends King Crimson opened 10 concerts for Tool; this concert poster advertises a show at the Red Rocks Amphitheatre.

In January 2001, the rumor mill surrounding the band gained new life when Tool announced their new album, Systema Encéphale, along with a tracklist full of esoteric and obscure words such as "Numbereft," "Encephatalis," "Musick," and "Coeliacus." As anticipated, file-sharing engines such as Napster became flooded with bogus files disguised with those titles.[19] During that time, Tool members were outspokenly critical of engines like Napster due to the negative impact on smaller artists that are dependent on success in record sales to continue their career. Keenan had this to say during an interview with NY Rock in 2000:

I think there are a lot of other industries out there that might deserve being destroyed. The ones who get hurt by MP3s are not so much companies or the business, but the artists, people who are trying to write songs.[20]

Only one month later, they revealed that the new album was actually titled Lateralus and that the name Systema Encéphale and the tracklist had been a ruse,[21] much to the dismay of music magazines and commercial websites who had committed headlong to the fake title. Lateralus features songs averaging six-and-a-half minutes in length, unwieldy even for the most ambitious of disc jockeys. The music video for "Parabola" clocked in at ten-and-a-half minutes, almost condemning it from being aired on mainstream music channels.

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Nevertheless, the album became a success the world over, reaching #1 on the Billboard Top 200 album charts on its debut week.[22] Tool received their second Grammy Award for the best metal performance of 2001 for the song "Schism."[16] During the band's acceptance speech, drummer Carey stated that he would like to thank his parents (for putting up with him) and Satan, while bassist Chancellor concluded: "I want to thank my dad for doing my mom."[23]

After extensive touring throughout 2001 and 2002, including a 10-show mini-tour with King Crimson in August, the tour came to an end on November 24 2002 in Long Beach, CA at Long Beach Arena. Although the end of the tour seemed to spell another dormancy for the band, they did not become completely inactive. While Keenan recorded and toured with A Perfect Circle, the other band members released an official yet fanclub exclusive interview and a recording of some of their new material. Three hundred pre-released and autographed copies of the "double vinyl four-picture disc" edition of Lateralus, which was officially released on August 23 2005 were made exclusively available as well.

On December 20 2005, two DVDs were released, one containing the single "Schism" and the other "Parabola." Both DVDs have the music videos for each single, along with commentary. In addition, each disc has a remix of each song by Lustmord. The two DVD singles were released on January 9 2006 in Europe.

10,000 Days (2006)

File:Tool revolvercover 20060105.jpg
Revolver magazine dedicated its cover to Tool, after the band returned from another long hiatus.

Following another prolonged break, during which Keenan rejoined A Perfect Circle to record and tour, he joined his bandmates to work on a new record. After some minor details about their new material emerged, such as the influence of Lateralus tourmates Fantômas and Meshuggah,[24] the notorious rumor mill surrounding new Tool-releases resurfaced as well, fueled by unusual incidents. One of the main controversies regarding the new release was the album title. After rumored titles such as Teleincision had been dismissed, a news item on the official Tool website eventually announced the new album's name: 10,000 Days.

Rumors regarding the new album's name continued to emerge. The news item anouncing the album's name was posted on March 3, 2006; however, it was removed that same day from the official site and left only to the fanclub exclusive area. Why it was posted non-exclusively and then removed remains a mystery. The rumors surrounding the band's activities reached a point where it was speculated that they had fabricated a "decoy" album, creating an elaborate hoax to fool audiences until the day of release.[25] They only began to subside when a leaked copy of the album was illegally distributed via filesharing networks preceding the release date by two weeks. The record was eventually released as announced on May 2 2006 in the US, and debuted at the top spots of various international charts. Despite being available on said filesharing networks, 10,000 Days sold 564,000 copies in its opening week in the US alone.


Arguments about genre and categorization

Because of Tool's experimental approach to music, it is disputed how to define their place in reference to traditional musical genres. Tool is inarguably a part of the rock genre, but just where they fall in that genre and how much influence past groups have exerted on Tool is the subject of debate among both fans and casual listeners.[citation needed]

In many cases, Tool is categorized as alternative metal, a broad label used to loosely categorize bands (such as Jane's Addiction, Rage Against the Machine, and Faith No More, among others) that straddle the line between the aesthetics and fanbases of metal and alternative rock.

In a similar vein, Tool is categorized as a progressive rock (or "prog") band. Those who feel that Tool are progressive rock artists frequently cite the popular (and admittedly broad) definition of prog. It is a style of rock music that seeks to move away from the mainstream by "pushing the envelope" of the rock genre, creating new sounds and styles that often possess a characteristically high level of layering and complexity, elements of which can easily be found in the band's music-for instance, the complex rhythms used in songs like "Schism" (5/8 to 7/8, or in 6.5/8 according to Justin Chancellor) and "Lateralus" (9/8 to 8/8 to 7/8), dissonance in other songs, the incorporation of a "pipe bomb microphone" (a guitar pickup mounted inside a brass cylinder), and a talk box guitar solo ("Jambi"), among many others.

Beyond the broad definition of prog as an experimental art form, however, lies much debate about what really makes a band part of the prog scene. As Keenan said in an interview with the Boston Herald in 2006:

As far as the prog references go, we embrace them. However, we would prefer our new moniker, which is a Mulligan stew of progressive rock, Bulgarian folk metal, rock ’n’ roll, ’80s disco and Christian rap that we like to call Munge.[26]

Perhaps the band most cited as a Tool influence is King Crimson, admittedly a favorite group of Tool themselves. King Crimson are listed at the forefront of progressive rock. However, longtime King Crimson member Robert Fripp has expressed disdain for the term as an oversimplification, and in an interview with Tool, touched briefly on how the two bands relate to each other:

Robert Fripp: I was very impressed that the visuals and the band were all part of the same performance. It was ... seamless. It was something like, 'These guys are playing to the same track.' But without being external to the film ... There was an integrity to it all.

Danny Carey: Thanks ... We all kind of grew up listening to you.
[...]
Maynard James Keenan (referring to an upcoming concert tour): First of all we're terrified to go on after you, and second of all we're gonna have all these kids in the audience going, 'Hey, TOOL ripped these guys off blind!'
Danny Carey: It feels like that sometimes, for sure!

Robert Fripp: Do you hear the influence? There's just one figure where I hear an influence, just one. It was a piece we were developing that we dropped. And it's almost exactly the same figure: three note arpeggio with a particular accent from the guitar. So I don't think you could have heard it. That's the only thing.[27]

So even among the band and their peers there still remains a debate, not only about their place in progressive rock but also about just how closely they resemble their progenitors who are themselves only debatably established in the genre.

When Tool is not called prog, they are typically referred to as some sub-category of metal. Keenan's unique style of singing has been repeatedly seen influencing new artists, such as Pete Loeffler (of Chevelle), Aaron Lewis (of Staind), David Draiman (of Disturbed), Steve Richards (of Taproot), Jeremy Stanley (of Acroma), Scooter Ward (of Cold), Will Martin (of Earshot),and Jesse Hasek (of 10 Years). When asked about "these bands who list [Tool] as an influence" during an interview with the Australian music magazine Drum Media Keenan replied:

I don't really see the connection. Because there is some intensity in some of our songs, I think these bands pick up the surface noise, and that's their influence. [...] When I hear these loud, goofy posturing idiots jumping up and down, more concerned about their hairdos than their music, it's just we don't do that, what am I missing? There's nothing to the music that moves me, or compels me to want to sit down and listen to it, which is unfortunate. Maybe I'm just a cynical old bastard.[28]

Tool is sometimes given an extended genre that would appear to be specific to the band, such as "psychedelic math-metal"[29] as other bands that have defied a common classification have. They have also been listed under many genres that people do not normally consider them to be a part of, such as jazz rock (a slight reinforcer to progressive rock assertions), and sometimes even trip-hop, although this occurs mostly as an allusion to a unique live set that featured Tricky.

Etymology

Tool's early logo

The band has circulated several stories surrounding the origin of their name. One of the most vital speculations revolved around lachrymology, a pseudophilosophy that the band has stated was founded in 1949 by Ronald P. Vincent after the death of his wife in a snow plowing accident. Drummer Danny Carey alleged that the name "Tool" means that the band served its fans as a tool through which those people would come to understand the concept of lachrymology. However, it is more likely that the band made this up in order to create a unique backdrop for their own beliefs, which include, the power of humour, "demons", and new age candle-lit rituals.

Singer Maynard James Keenan gave a more direct approach to explaining his band's name in an interview in 1994:

Tool is exactly what it sounds like: It's a big dick. It's a wrench. It's also what it sounds like: It's a verb, it's a digging factor. It's an active process of searching, as in use us, we are a shovel, we are the match, we're the blotter of acid, your tool; use us as a catalyst in your process of finding out whatever it is you need to find out, or whatever it is you're trying to achieve.[30]

Members

Current members

Previous members

Side projects

File:Screenshot jones keenan mrshow.jpg
In Mr. Show's premier episode, Jones and Keenan are interviewed about the arrest of co-character Ronnie Dobbs, a serial criminal. Keenan - in his role as Puscifer's vocalist - replies "Guilty? Yeah. But he knows it. I mean, you're guilty. You just don't know it. So who's really in jail?"
To see a more detailed description of each band members' side projects, please refer to their respective articles.

All of the members of Tool have their own side projects that exist both during and after Tool's own time for recording and touring. To summarize in brief, their side projects are as follows:

To see a list of musicians that have joined Tool onstage, please see Tool tours.

Discography

Main article: Tool discography

Studio albums and EPs

Music videos

Screencap from "Sober", directed by Adam Jones and Fred Stuhr

Most of Tool's music videos feature stop-motion animation created by Jones, in a style similar to the Brothers Quay.

Song Director Released Notes
"Hush" Ken Andrews 1992 "Hush" is the only video where the band members appear prominently, although they appear briefly in "Sober" as well. Director Ken Andrews is from the now defunct band, Failure.
"Sober" Adam Jones, Fred Stuhr 1993
"Prison Sex" Adam Jones 1994 "Prison Sex" was removed from the MTV playlist, because its video was deemed "too graphic and offensive."
"Stinkfist" Adam Jones 1996
"Ænema" Adam Jones 1997
"Ænema (Uncensored)" Adam Jones 2000 Recreated for Salival
"Schism" Adam Jones 2001
"Parabola" Adam Jones 2002 Tricky appears, uncredited, in the video for "Parabola".

The band's radio singles and accompanying music videos include: "Hush" from Opiate, "Sober" and "Prison Sex" from Undertow, "Stinkfist" and "Ænema" from Ænima, "Schism" and "Parabola" from Lateralus, and "Vicarious" and "The Pot" from 10,000 Days. Although the videos are directed primarily by guitarist Adam Jones, many were created with the help of outside artists such as Cam de Leon, Alex Grey, the Brothers Strause, and interpretive dance duo Osseus Labyrint. Radio singles for which no official music videos were made include: "Opiate" from Opiate, "Eulogy", "Forty-Six & 2", and "H." from Ænima, and "Lateralus" from Lateralus.

The video for "Vicarious" has yet to be released, and a video for "The Pot" is in the middle of filming and has no tentative release date.[31]

Tours

Main article: Tool tours

Headline band

Tour Years Opening bands
Opiate 1992 Failure, The Flaming Lips, Peach
Undertow 1993 Failure, The Flaming Lips, Paw, Headswim, Submarine, Peach
Ænima 1996 The Cows, The Melvins, Psychotica
Lateralus 2001-2002 Cortizone, Fantômas, The Cosmic Psychos, King Crimson, The Melvins, Meshuggah, Pablo, Tomahawk, Tricky
10,000 Days Current Isis, Mastodon

Tributes

File:Tool-tribute-third-eye.jpg
Cover for "Third Eye Open: The String Tribute to Tool"

Third Eye Open: The String Quartet Tribute to Tool is a tribute album released in 2001. A number of Tool songs are rearranged for classical music string instruments (violins, viola, cello and a double bass) with at least three musicians. The lack of percussion is sometimes countered with "clicking" col legno and other bowing techniques. Tool's songs are mostly multi-sectioned, and the band's sophisticated grasp of harmony allows for an interesting instrumental interpretation.

A second volume of string tribute titled Metamorphic: The String Tribute to Tool Volume 2 was released in 2003 featuring two groups of musicians, including the group from Third Eye Open. The String Quartet Tribute has made several other tributes to Tool, including Finding Beauty in the Dissonance: A Piano Tribute to Tool, Chamber Made: The Baroque Tribute to Tool, Anotomica: The String Quartet Tribute to Tool and The String Quartet Tribute to Tool's Aenima.

Other tributes to Tool include: A Gothic Acoustic Tribute to Tool, the simply named Tribute to Tool which features various rock artists, and Rockabye Baby: Lullaby Renditions of Tool.

Trivia

For trivia regarding the specific albums, please refer to the according album articles listed in the discography section of this article.
  • Tool has long been associated with outlandish April Fools' Day jokes, such as a falsified bus crash in 1997 which originated on their leading fan site.[4]
  • In 2005, Tool's web domain Toolband.com was rerouted to a gateway to the known official Tool websites. According to Distortion Online, the Tool logo seen on the gateway page is not a new logo, but an invention by web designer Joshua Davis, who was reportedly asked to take over the Tool websites by Adam Jones.[32]
  • Something Awful feature "Your Band Sucks" made Tool a target of its attacks. "Your Band Sucks" is known for mocking almost all bands (even bands that are generally considered to be good, such as The Beatles), but Tool has been attacked on many occasions[33][34], probably because of the large amounts of hate mail sent from Tool fans.[35][36]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Greg Prato. "Tool Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 2006-04-28.
  2. ^ Kabir Akhtar. "E8" (TXT). The Tool FAQ. Retrieved 2006-03-07.
  3. ^ David Fricke (2001). "Lateralus Review". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2006-04-24.
  4. ^ "Tool Biography". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2006-04-28.
  5. ^ a b Rob Theakston (2001). "Lateralus Review". AllMusic. Retrieved 2006-04-28.
  6. ^ Blair Blake (2001). "Augustember 2001 E.V." Tool Newsletter. Retrieved 2006-04-28.
  7. ^ Jon Pareles (1997). "Lollapalooza's Recycled Hormones: Rebellion by the Numbers". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-04-28.
  8. ^ "Tool, Pearl Jam Claim Billboard Chart In The Name Of Rock (May 10, 2006)". Retrieved 2006-09-17.
  9. ^ "Tool: 10,000 Days (2006): Reviews". 2006. Retrieved 2006-09-17.
  10. ^ a b c d Roman Sokal (May 23, 2001). "Tool - Stepping Out From the Shadows". Excite. Retrieved 2006-09-17.
  11. ^ a b "Tool Guitarist Adam Jones is a Master of Many Trades". Guitar School. 1994. Retrieved 2006-04-07.
  12. ^ Theresa Roncon. "Tool Muchmusic spotlight: transcribed interview" (TXT). Muchmusic. Retrieved 2006-05-06.
  13. ^ "A Tool for the Truly Cool - Big hit of Lollapalooza tour gears up for second album". San Francisco Chronicle. 1994. Retrieved 2006-03-02.
  14. ^ a b By Jon Dolan (2006). "33 Things You Should Know About Tool". Blender. Retrieved 2006-09-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. ^ Kabir Akhtar. "The "Track #1" Fiasco" (TXT). Retrieved 2006-03-06.
  16. ^ a b Rock On The Net. "Grammy Awards: Best Metal Performance". Retrieved 2006-03-13.
  17. ^ Jon Pareles. "Lollapalooza's Recycled Hormones: Rebellion by the Numbers". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-03-06.
  18. ^ Cite error: The named reference Stepping Out was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ Kabir Akhtar. "January - march 2001". news archive. Retrieved 2006-03-06.
  20. ^ Gabriella. "Interview with Maynard James Keenan of A Perfect Circle". NY Rock. Retrieved 2006-04-28.
  21. ^ Joe D'Angelo. "Tool Tinker With Album Title, Set Track List". MTV News. Retrieved 2006-03-06.
  22. ^ Billboard.com. "Discography Tool Laterlaus". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2006-04-29.
  23. ^ Joe D'Angelo (2002). "Alicia Keys Takes Five, 'O Brother' Gets Most At 44th Grammy Awards". MTV.com. Retrieved 2006-08-07.
  24. ^ Jon Wiederhorn. "Tool Hammer Away At New Album". MTV News. Retrieved 2006-04-06.
  25. ^ "Patrick Donovan" (2006). ""Is anyone listening?"". "The Age". Retrieved 2006-05-06.
  26. ^ "Power Tool: Maynard James Keenan and band craft epic art-metal" (HTML). Boston Herald. 2006. Retrieved 2006-05-27. {{cite web}}: Text "authorMilano, Brett" ignored (help)
  27. ^ "Tool Army exclusive interview". Retrieved 2006-09-17.
  28. ^ "Happy Meals Versus Tool Albums". 2001. Retrieved 2006-09-17. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  29. ^ "MTV News: A Perfect Circle - The Pain of Perfection". Retrieved 2006-09-17.
  30. ^ Moon Unit Zappa (1994). "Tool Rules". RayGun Magazine. Retrieved 2006-08-27.
  31. ^ [1]
  32. ^ "TOOL "Swarm" intro". Retrieved 2006-07-10.
  33. ^ http://www.somethingawful.com/index.php?a=1829
  34. ^ http://www.somethingawful.com/index.php?a=3787
  35. ^ http://www.somethingawful.com/index.php?a=2160
  36. ^ http://www.somethingawful.com/index.php?a=3135
  • 32. [5] Aaron Burgess interview for the onion's A.V. club with Maynard James Keenan 11/30/2006
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