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Type 209 submarine

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File:Type 209-1400 Bosporus.jpg
A Type 209/1400 (Preveze class) submarine of the Turkish Navy at the Bosphorus in Istanbul
Class overview
Builderslist error: <br /> list (help)
Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft
Thyssen Nordseewerke[1]
Arsenal de Marinha, Rio de Janeiro[2]
Mazagon Dock Limited, Mumbai[3]
Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering[4]
Gölcük Naval Shipyard
OperatorsSee Below
Preceded byType 206 submarine
Succeeded byType 214 submarine
In commission1971-present
Planned64
Completed61
Cancelled3
Active60
Laid up1
General characteristics
TypeType 209/1500 submarine
Displacement1,810 t, submerged
Length64.4 m
Beam  6.5 m
Draft  6.2 m
PropulsionDiesel-electric, 4 diesels, 1 shaft, 6100 shp
Speedlist error: <br /> list (help)
11.5 knots (21 km/h), surfaced;
22.5 knots (42 km/h), submerged
Rangelist error: <br /> list (help)
11,000 nmi. at 10 knots, surfaced,
(20,000 km at 20 km/h);
8,000 nmi. at 10 knots, snorkeling,
(15,000 km at 20 km/h);
400 nmi. at 4 knots, submerged
(740 km at 7 km/h)
Test depth500 m
Complement36
Armamentlist error: <br /> list (help)
8 x 21-inch (553 mm) torpedo tubes,
14 torpedoes; optional UGM-84 Harpoon integration

The Type 209 is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed exclusively for export in the late 1960s by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany. Despite not being operated by the German Navy, the class has been successfully exported to 13 countries with over 60 boats being constructed.

Development

In the early 1970’s, many navies began to need replacements for pre-WWII submarines, aging United States GUPPY conversions, and British units transferred postwar.[5] During this time, few western submarine designs were available for export as most were large, expensive, and designed for the Cold War. Several designs originally built for specific nations were available including the French Daphne Class, British Oberon Class, and the Soviet Foxtrot Class submarines.[6] The design, designated by the German Ministry of Defense as the “Type 209” provided a solution with an adequate armament and reasonable price.[7]

Design

The submarine was designed by Ingenieur Kontor Lübeck (IKL) and is largely based on previous German submarine designs (Type 206) with increased equipment. The design is single hulled and allows the commanding officer to see the entire submarine from the bow to stern while standing at the periscope.[6] Four 120-cell batteries are located forward and aft of the command center in the lower deck and make up about 25% of the ships displacement.[5] Two main ballast tanks with forward and aft trim tanks allow the ship to dive. They are powered by four MTU diesels and four AEG generators.[7] The AEG electric motor is attached directly to a five or seven bladed propeller.

Armaments

Type 209 submarines are armed with 8 bow 533 mm torpedo tubes and 14 torpedoes. The ships used by Greece, South Korea, and Turkey are also armed with Sub-Harpoon missiles. Ships used by South Korea can be armed with 28 Mines in place of Torpedoes and Harpoon while the Indian ships can carry 24 Mines externally.[4]

The class can be armed with a variety of torpedo models depending upon the country. The majority of ships carry SUT - Surface and Underwater Target (Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Greece, India, Indonesia, South Korea) or the SST - Special Surface Target (Argentina, Peru, Turkey, Venezuela) torpedoes. Ships can also carry the Mark 24 Tigerfish (Brazil, Turkey)[4] and Mark 37 (Argentina).

Brazil’s ships will receive new integrated combat systems from Lockheed Martin to enable the use of the Mark 48 torpedo.[2]

Variants

Five variants of this submarine have been produced: Type 209/1100, Type 209/1200, Type 209/1300, Type 209/1400 and Type 209/1500. The U-209PN ordered by the Portuguese Navy is actually a Type 214.[8]

Several modifications have occurred in the class resulting in these variants including the fitting of newer diesel engines. New air conditioning and electronics features have been added to accommodate orders from South America. The displacement in some variants has increased by nearly 50% in order to install new equipment, modernize accommodations, and extend range.[9]

The Thomson class built for the Chilean Navy has escape hatches fitted in the torpedo and engine room. An additional aft hatch is fitted in the sail with access to the machinery.[10] The boats are fitted with higher masts to compensate for regional ocean wave conditions.

The Tikuna class built by the Brazilian navy is a modified Type 209/1400. The boat is 0.85 m longer and fitted with higher power diesels, different electric motors, batteries, electronics and sensors.

The Shishumar class built for and by India is unique for having an IKL-designed integrated escape sphere. The sphere has accommodations for the entire crew with an eight hour air supply.[11]

The Sabalo class built for Venezuela was slightly lengthened during an modernization at HDW in the early 1990s. The increased length is due to the addition of a new sonar dome that is similar to the model found on the German Type 206.[1]

It is also possible to upgrade these submarines with the latest air independent propulsion (AIP) systems. The first ships to receive this upgrade were to be three ships of the Greek Poseidon class Type 209/1200 under the Neptune II upgrade program.[12] They were to be upgraded by cutting the boat in half aft of the control room and adding a 6 m plug with an 120 kW Siemens AIP system to the ship.[10][13] The program was cancelled in 2009 (due to cancellation of the Archimedes Project (Type 214)), but not before Okeanos (S118) completed the upgrade.[14] Instead of upgrading the remaining two Type 209's, two additional Type 214 ships will be ordered when the final settlement agreement is signed over the Archimedes Project ships.[15]

The Dolphin class submarines built for the Israeli navy are a based on the Type 209 although heavily modified and enlarged.

Service

Countries operating the Type 209 include Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Greece, India, Indonesia, Peru, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey and Venezuela. All Type 209’s remain in service except for ARA San Luis (S-32) which was stricken in 1997 after an incomplete overhaul. Iran had an order for six Type-209 submarines that was cancelled by Khomeini in 1979.[16]

The first user was the Hellenic Navy which operates four Type 209/1100 and four Type 209/1200 submarines.

The largest operator of the Type 209 is the Turkish Navy which operates six Type 209/1200 submarines (commissioned between 1976 and 1990) and eight Type 209/1400 submarines (commissioned between 1994 and 2007). At present, the Turkish Navy is also the largest operator of German designed submarines in the world.

Three new Type 209/1400 submarines were delivered to South Africa in 2006, costing $285 million each.

South Korea is currently offering to construct two modified Chang Bogo class Type 209/1200 for Indonesia.[17] They would be built at Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering and the deal would be valued at $1.2 billion. South Korea is currently the only country outside of Germany offering the Type 209 for sale.

Type 209's often serve with other foreign submarine designs or are scheduled to be replaced by them in several navies. Argentina ordered several TR-1700 class submarines during the 1980's. Kilo class submarines were purchased by India in the 1980s, while Indonesia is considering them for future purchase. Chile has added Scorpène class submarines, while Brazil and India have ships ordered and under construction. The aging Glaukos class were to be replaced by the Papanikolis class Type 214 submarines, but the contract was cancelled in 2009. South Korea has commissioned and are building Son Won-il class Type 214 submarines to supplement its force. Turkey cancelled the Atılay class mid-life refit and will instead be replacing them with Type 214 submarines.[18]

Technical specifications

1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Displacement (submerged) 1,207 t 1,285 t 1,390 t 1,586 t 1,810 t
Dimensions 54.1 × 6.2 × 5.9 m 55.9 × 6.3 × 5.5 m 59.5 × 6.2 × 5.5 m 61.2 × 6.25 × 5.5 m 64.4 × 6.5 × 6.2 m
Pressure Hull Diameter 6.8 m
Propulsion Diesel-electric, 4 diesels, 1 shaft
5,000 shp 6,100 shp (4,500 kW)
4 x 120-cell batteries 4 x 132-cell batteries
Speed (surface) 11 knots (20 km/h) 11.5 knots
Speed (submerged) 21.5 knots 22 knots 22.5 knots
Range (surface) 11,000 nmi (20,000 km) at 10 knots (20 km/h)
Range (snorkel) 8,000 nmi (15,000 km) at 10 knots (20 km/h)
Range (submerged) 400 nmi (700 km) at 4 knots (7 km/h)
Endurance 50 days
Maximum depth 500 m
Armament

8 x 553 mm torpedo tubes

Crew 31 33 30 36

Operators

Operator Class Name Type Notes
1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
 Argentine Navy Salta class 1(1*) ARA Salta (S-31) underwent midlife upgrades from 1988-95 and 2004-2005
(*) ARA San Luis (S-32) stricken in 1997 after incomplete overhaul
 Brazilian Navy Tupi class
Tikuna class		 4(1**) (**) The Tikuna (S-34) is a modified Type 209/1400
Additional modified Type 209/1400 Tapuia (S-35) cancelled
All Type 209's will be fitted with new combat systems capable of using the Mk.48 torpedo[2]
 Chilean Navy Thomson class 2 SS Simpson (SS-21) is scheduled for refit and upgrade in ASMAR, Chile this year. After the tsunami in Talcahuano, its currently status is unknown
SS Thompson (SS-20) refit and upgrade was completed in early 2009, this works include integration of SUBTICS combat management system and BlackShark torpedoes
 Colombian National Navy Pijao class 2 Both scheduled to be upgraded between 2009 and 2011 in the state-owned shipyard COTECMAR, with the assistance of HDW[19]
 Ecuadorian Navy Shyri class 2 SS Shyri (S-11) is under heavily overhaul and upgrade in ASMAR, Chile; was slightly damaged after the tsunami in Talcahuano. Currently status is unknown.
 Hellenic Navy Glavkos class
Poseidon class[20]		 4 4 Glavkos class overhauled under the Neptune I program from 1993-2000
Poseidon class Neptune II upgrade program cancelled[21]
Okeanos (S118) completed the upgrade before Neptune II cancellation[14]
 Indian Navy Shishumar class 4 Option for two additional Indian built boats not taken up after several reviews[3]
Equipped with integrated escape sphere for full crew
Underwent midlife refits from 1999-2005
 Indonesian Navy Cakra class 2 KRI Cakra was refitted by Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering, South Korea between 2004-2006[22]
KRI Naggala refit contract was awarded to Daewoo in 2009. Estimated delivery date June 2011[23]
 Republic of Korea Navy Chang Bogo class 9
 Peruvian Navy Islay class
Angamos class		 2 4 Both 209/1100 (Islay class) were locally upgraded in 2008
Upgrade of the 209/1200 (Angamos class) is on evaluation
 South African Navy Heroine class 3 Commissioned between 2006 and 2008 replacing Daphné-class boats
 Turkish Navy Atilay class
Preveze class
Gur class		 6 8 Atilay class mid-life refit with AIP propulsion cancelled. Limited modernization program being planned.[24]
Some ships will be replaced by Type 214 submarines starting in 2015.[18]
 Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela Sabalo class 2

Individual Ships

 Argentine Navy - Salta class

Type Designation Name Commission
1100 S-31 Salta 1974
1100 S-32 San Luis 1974

 Brazilian Navy - Tupi class and Tikuna class

Type Designation Name Commission
1400 S-30 Tupi 1989
1400 S-31 Tamoio 1994
1400 S-32 Timbira 1996
1400 S-33 Tapajó 1999
1400mod S-34 Tikuna 2005

 Chilean Navy - Thomson class

Type Designation Name Commission
1300L SS-20 Thomson 1984
1300L SS-21 Simpson 1984

 Colombian National Navy - Pijao class

Type Designation Name Commission
1200 S-28 Pijao 1975
1200 S-29 Tayrona 1975

 Ecuadorian Navy - Shyri class

Type Designation Name Commission
1300 S101 Shyri 1977
1300 S102 Huancavilca 1978

 Hellenic Navy - Glavkos class and Poseidon class

Type Designation Name Commission
1100 S-110 Glavkos 1971
1100 S-111 Nireus 1972
1100 S-112 Triton 1972
1100 S-113 Proteus 1972
1200 S-116 Poseidon 1979
1200 S-117 Amfitriti 1979
1200 S-118 Okeanos 1979
1200 S-119 Pontos 1979

 Indian Navy - Shishumar class

Type Designation Name Commission
1500 S44 Shishumar 1986
1500 S45 Shankush 1986
1500 S46 Shalki 1992
1500 S47 Shankul 1994

 Indonesian Navy - Cakra class

Type Designation Name Commission
1300 401 Cakra 1981
1300 402 Nanggala 1981

 Republic of Korea Navy - Chang Bogo class

Type Designation Name Commission
1200 SS-061 Chang Bogo 1993
1200 SS-062 Lee Chun 1994
1200 SS-063 Choi Museon 1996
1200 SS-065 Park Wi 1996
1200 SS-066 Lee Jongmu 1996
1200 SS-067 Jeong Un 1998
1200 SS-068 Lee Sunsin 2000
1200 SS-069 Na Daeyong 2000
1200 SS-071 Lee Eokgi 2001

 Peruvian Navy - Islay class and Angamos class

Type Designation Name Commission
1200 SS-31 Angamos ex-Casma 1980
1200 SS-32 Antofagasta 1980
1200 SS-33 Pisagua ex-Blume 1982
1200 SS-34 Chipana ex-Pisagua 1983
1100 SS-35 Islay 1975
1100 SS-36 Arica 1975

 South African Navy - Heroine class

Type Designation Name Commission
1400mod S101 Manthatisi 2005
1400mod S102 Charlotte Maxeke 2007
1400mod S103 Queen Modjadji 2008

 Turkish Navy - Atilay class, Preveze class, and Gur class

Type Designation Name Commission
1200 S-347 Atilay 1976
1200 S-348 Saldiray 1977
1200 S-349 Batiray 1978
1200 S-350 Yildiray 1981
1200 S-351 Doganay 1984
1200 S-352 Dolunay 1989
T1.1400 S-353 Preveze 1994
T1.1400 S-354 Sakarya 1995
T1.1400 S-355 18 Mart 1998
T1.1400 S-356 Anafartalar 1999
T2.1400 S-357 Gür 2003
T2.1400 S-358 Canakkale 2005
T2.1400 S-359 Burakreis 2006
T2.1400 S-360 Birinci Inönü 2007

 Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela - Sabalo class

Type Designation Name Commission
1300 S-31 Sabalo 1976
1300 S-32 Caribe 1977

Pictures


See also

Media related to Type 209 submarine at Wikimedia Commons

References

  1. ^ a b Saunders, Stephen (2004). Jane's Fighting Ships 2004-2005. Jane's Information Group. p. 900. ISBN 0710626231. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ a b c SSK Tupi Class Attack Submarine
  3. ^ a b Shishumar {HDW 209} Class
  4. ^ a b c Wertheim, Eric (2002). Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems. US Naval Institute Press. p. 1124. ISBN 159114955X. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  5. ^ a b Type 209
  6. ^ a b The World of Type 209 Submarines
  7. ^ a b Miller, David (2002). The Illustrated Directory of Submarines. Zenith Press. p. 480. ISBN 0760313458. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  8. ^ U-209PN: Submarino de ataque (SSK)/tipo U-214
  9. ^ ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems - Class 209 / 1400mod
  10. ^ a b Watts, Anthony (March 2002). Jane's Underwater Warfare Systems, 2002-2003. Jane's Information Group. p. 629. ISBN 0710624514. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  11. ^ Shishumar class Patrol submarine
  12. ^ Naval Highlights at Defendory 2006
  13. ^ Submarino de ataque (SSK) classe Poseidon / 209-1200 (tipo U-209)
  14. ^ a b Greece in Default on U-214 Submarine Order
  15. ^ Greece to resell German submarine: minister
  16. ^ Iran Navy Modernization
  17. ^ Daewoo vying for Indonesia sub contract
  18. ^ a b Turkey Specifies a Range of New Ships
  19. ^ Contract for the modernisation of Colombian Class 209 submarines
  20. ^ Hellenic Navy Submarines
  21. ^ Hellenic Shipyards S.A. - The Neptune II Program
  22. ^ Asia-Pacific Naval Forces aiming for better and advanced equipments
  23. ^ DSME Wins $75 Million Worth of Indonesian Submarine Overhaul Contract
  24. ^ Recent information on the modernization of Turkish Type 209/1200 Navy
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