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Typhoon Bebinca

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This article is about the typhoon in 2024. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Bebinca and List of storms named Ferdie.
Typhoon Bebinca (Ferdie)
Bebinca approaching China near peak intensity on September 15
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 9, 2024
DissipatedSeptember 18, 2024
Typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds140 km/h (85 mph)
Lowest pressure965 hPa (mbar); 28.50 inHg
Category 1-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds140 km/h (85 mph)
Lowest pressure963 hPa (mbar); 28.44 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities8
Injuries12
Missing2
Damage$1.42 billion (2024 USD)
Areas affectedGuam, Northern Mariana Islands, Philippines, Ryukyu Islands, Eastern China, Henan in Central China
Part of the 2024 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Bebinca, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Ferdie, was a strong tropical cyclone that affected East China, Guam, Philippines and the Ryukyu Islands in early September 2024. Bebinca made landfall in Shanghai, China, becoming the strongest typhoon to hit the city since Typhoon Gloria in 1949. The thirteenth named storm and sixth typhoon of the annual typhoon season, Bebinca formed from atmospheric convection 385 km (239 mi) east-northeast of Kosrae, was upgraded to a tropical storm by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) on September 10, and was named Bebinca, before turning west-northwest due to interaction with an upper vortex; by September 13, as it entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration named it Ferdie, and it eventually moved across the Ryukyu Islands, where both the Joint Typhoon Warning Center and the JMA upgraded it to a minimal typhoon. Inland, Bebinca quickly weakened to a severe tropical storm due to land interaction as it moved west-northwest under the steering influence of the subtropical high. The JMA tracked the system until it was last noted on September 18.

Although Typhoon Bebinca did not make landfall in the Philippines, its associated trough and the southwest monsoon brought heavy rains to many regions, damaging or destroying nearly 97 homes and displacing over 36,626 people. The storm caused at least six fatalities, with two people missing and eleven injuries. In China, Bebinca caused two fatalities and one injury, but the country was soon impacted by Tropical Storm Pulasan just days later. Bebinca significantly affected Guam, leading to storm warnings being issued. In Japan, thousands of homes lost power in Amami, and high winds were recorded in Okinawa Prefecture. Overall, Bebinca caused an estimated US$2.49 billion in damage across the Philippines and China.

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Typhoon Bebinca emerged from an area of atmospheric convection 385 km (239 mi) east-northeast of Kosrae on September 5.[1] The system, characterized by a disorganized wave in the easterlies, featured intense deep convection over a large area, supported by favorable conditions for tropical cyclogenesis,[2] such as warm sea surface temperatures of 28–29 °C (82–84 °F), moderate vertical wind shear and good poleward outflow.[3] At 02:30 UTC on September 9, the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a tropical cyclone formation alert, noting that the system had become well-defined with formative banding in the eastern quadrants.[4] A few hours later, both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the JTWC followed suit and upgraded the tropical depression, with the latter designating the system as 14W.[5][6] On September 10, the depression intensified into a tropical storm and was named Bebinca by the JMA,[7] as it consolidated with a central dense overcast (CDO) feature obscuring its circulation center while tracking near Guam,[7] and subsequently turned west-northwestward due to interaction with an upper vortex.[8] Guam radar imagery showed a well-defined surface circulation, with curved convective bands extending southward from the circulation center and wrapping around the northern part of the system into its western periphery.[9]

Typhoon Bebinca making landfall over Shanghai, China on September 16

Around 00:00 UTC on September 11, the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm, citing Dvorak technique—a method of determining a tropical cyclone's intensity based on satellite appearance.[10] On September 13, the JMA reported that the storm had weakened to a tropical storm due to its near-surface circulation being fully exposed and its banding being fragmented along the northern edge,[11] with a broad tail of deep monsoonal flow and a tropical upper tropospheric trough cell to the west continuing to infuse dry air into the storm's mid-level core.[12] By 06:00 PHT (10:00 UTC), Bebinca had entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) and was subsequently named Ferdie by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA),[13] but just a few hours later, it exited the PAR.[14] Bebinca then shifted northwestward along the northern edge of a deep subtropical high,[15] and the JMA reported that the storm had regained severe tropical storm status.[16] Satellite imagery revealed a compact, circular system with enhanced radial outflow and flaring convection in the northwest quadrant,[17] leading both the JMA and JTWC to upgrade it to a minimal typhoon the next day as it moved across the Ryukyu Islands;[18][19] meanwhile, Bebinca developed a ragged eye feature and maintained a symmetrical and impressive CDO over the past six hours.[20] The JMA reported that Bebinca reached its peak intensity at 00:00 UTC on September 15 with 10-minute sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph) and a central pressure of 965 hPa (28.50 inHg),[21] before eventually peaking at Category 1-equivalent intensity on the Saffir-Simpson scale with 1-minute sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph).[20] On September 16, at around 07:30 CST,[22] Bebinca made landfall in Lingang New City, Shanghai, China,[23] becoming the strongest typhoon to hit the area since Typhoon Gloria in 1949,[24][25] with a microwave eye feature spanning 29 miles (46 km) and convective bands extending south-southwestward as it moved west-northwestward under the steering influence of the subtropical high.[26] Shortly after landfall, the JTWC discontinued warnings on the system.[27] Inland, Bebinca quickly diminished to a severe tropical storm due to land interaction,[28] with the JMA tracking the system until it was last noted on September 18.[29]

Preparations and impact

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Philippines

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The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) stated that the southwest monsoon, locally called Habagat, will enhance when the storm enters the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), and continue after the storm exits the PAR. Bebinca is also predicted to bring heavy rains across the northern portion of the Philippines. Thunderstorms were also expected in the rest of Luzon and Metro Manila.[30] PAGASA also predicted that the storm will intensify into a typhoon, bringing flash floods into the country.[31] PAGASA stated that the storm will bring 1.5–3.5 metres (1.6–3.8 yards) high flash floods to Palawan, Western Visayas, Negros Island Region, Central Visayas, Eastern Visayas, Caraga, Northern Mindanao, Zamboanga Peninsula and the Davao Region. Small waterborne vehicles, like Motor bancas, were advised to take precautionary measures because of the storm.[32] The province of Antique evacuated 545 families because of the storm, suspending classes in all levels. The province provided food packs for the evacuees.[33]

The heavy rains brought by the storm-associated trough and southwest monsoon damaged or destroyed nearly 97 homes in the Philippines, displacing over 36,626 people and causing infrastructure damage estimated at ₱200,000 (US$4,060.91). In total, 203,197 people were affected, with at least six fatalities, two missing persons, and eleven injuries reported. Additionally, power outages occurred in 18 cities and municipalities, while 40 roads were blocked and six bridges were rendered impassable.[34] All fatalities were caused by falling trees, including four children aboard a tricycle in Malabang, Lanao del Sur and two in the Zamboanga Peninsula.[35] According to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, 1,381 individuals were preemptively evacuated, while classes were suspended in 244 areas, including nine municipalities that also ceased work operations.[34] Bebinca also caused ₱1.09 billion (US$22.13 million) in agricultural damage and affected 24,247 hectares of farmland.[36]

China

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Typhoon Bebinca and rainfall affecting trees in Jiading, Shanghai
Heavy rains from Typhoon Bebinca caused a lot of water to accumulate on Shanghai's roads
Flood caused by Bebinca in Xiao County, Anhui

On September 13, Fujian Provincial Flood Control Office required all fishing boats in a certain area on East China Sea to evacuate to immediate offshore area, as the route of Bebinca wasn't easy to predict.[37] By September 14, the Zhejiang provincial government declared increased alertness, dispatched humanitarian employees,[38] and ordered the relocation of anchored boats, construction netting and tourists.[39] On September 15, the China Meteorological Administration issued a red alert for a typhoon, forecasting intense gales and heavy rainfall in eastern China.[40] State media reported that 414,000 people were evacuated across Shanghai and that 56,000 rescue workers were deployed.[41][42] Shengsi temporarily closed all of its passenger ship service,[43] and multiple trains and flights were cancelled in Zhejiang.[44] Anhui issued a yellow alert for the typhoon.[45] Due to Bebinca, Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport cancelled all flights, and Shanghai Disneyland closed on September 16.[46] All highways inside the city were closed, while driving speeds were limited to 40 kilometres per hour.[42] 570 passenger trains were cancelled in Shanghai.[47] Jiangsu closed highways and bridges over the Yangtze River,[48] as well as recalled fishing boats.[49] Suzhou suspended takeaway delivery services,[50] and Wuxi suspended bus operation in the afternoon.[51] Nanjing dispatched emergency rescue personnel across the city in advance.[52] On September 17, Shandong Provincial Department of Water Resources arranged and deployed preventive and response measures as the typhoon was forecasted to bring significant rainfall to southwester part of the province.[53] In Henan Province, Both Xinxiang and Kaifeng decided to suspend classes of middle and primary schools for one day and Zhengzhou launched IV emergency response against flood.[54]

Bebinca became the second storm to hit China within a few weeks, following Typhoon Yagi's landfall on Hainan Island in the southern part of the country.[55] At least 30,000 households lost power.[42] Four homes were damaged, over 10,000 trees were damaged or uprooted, and 53 hectares (132 acres) of farmland were flooded.[56] Two people were killed after they were electrocuted by a fallen power line in Kunshan, while a falling tree injured one person in Chongming Island.[57] As Bebinca moved inland, it brought extremely heavy rainfall to the border regions of Henan, Anhui, Shandong and Jiangsu,[58] leading to severe waterlogging and flood in several counties. Floodwater didn't recede in Dangshan until September 22.[59] On the same day, citizens in Yongcheng, Shangqiu posted videos online, saying that the city was still soaked in water and that the water level was rising.[60] Local government have been working day and night to rescue the trapped and drain the floodwater,[61] and farmers are attempting to harvest crops to recover losses.[62]

Economic losses were estimated to be ¥10 billion (US$1.42 billion).[63] But in a report from China Meteorological Administration to the 19th Integrated Workshop of ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee in November 2024, total damage from Bebinca in China could reached 550 billion RMB (US$75.8 billion).[64]

Elsewhere

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When the storm passed the Pacific Ocean, Guam was affected, leading to a storm warning all across the territory. After the storm passed the territory, the Government of Guam declared Condition of Readiness Three, a small warning which allows people to go to work, not affecting businesses and the territorial government.[65] In Taiwan, as a way of preparation, weather researchers used artificial intelligence to predict the storm path. The program was also used for Typhoon Gaemi, successfully working a week before the hit.[66] The storm was predicted to bring heavy rains to Taiwan, with possible thunderstorms occurring.[67] The storm was forecast to pass through Okinawa.[68] Power outages affected 7,240 households in Amami.[69] High winds were recorded at Kadena Air Base and parts of Okinawa Prefecture.[70]

See also

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References

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