Post-Western era: Difference between revisions
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Christianity's strong historical identification with the West has also become increasingly relevant, as Christians seek to modify their promotion of the religion in a way which can better reach non-Western peoples, and as the religion increasingly grows in the Global South in a form that comes in some conflict with Western-style Christianity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christianity in a "Post-Western" Era - ProQuest |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/ab9e89ceaa8fa2f291e734fef981b38e/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1816616 |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.proquest.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Changing Face of Christianity: The Cultural Impetus of a World Religion |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/4326/chapter-abstract/146247728?redirectedFrom=fulltext |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=academic.oup.com}}</ref> There has also been some debate around how Western Christians should engage with or protect non-Western Christians, particularly in the context of religious repression of non-Western Christians.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanneh |first=Lamin |date=2009 |title=PERSECUTED POST-WESTERN CHRISTIANITY AND THE POST-CHRISTIAN WEST |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15570274.2009.9523377 |journal=The Review of Faith & International Affairs |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=21–28 |doi=10.1080/15570274.2009.9523377 |issn=1557-0274}}</ref> |
Christianity's strong historical identification with the West has also become increasingly relevant, as Christians seek to modify their promotion of the religion in a way which can better reach non-Western peoples, and as the religion increasingly grows in the Global South in a form that comes in some conflict with Western-style Christianity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christianity in a "Post-Western" Era - ProQuest |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/ab9e89ceaa8fa2f291e734fef981b38e/1.pdf?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1816616 |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.proquest.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Changing Face of Christianity: The Cultural Impetus of a World Religion |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/4326/chapter-abstract/146247728?redirectedFrom=fulltext |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=academic.oup.com}}</ref> There has also been some debate around how Western Christians should engage with or protect non-Western Christians, particularly in the context of religious repression of non-Western Christians.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanneh |first=Lamin |date=2009 |title=PERSECUTED POST-WESTERN CHRISTIANITY AND THE POST-CHRISTIAN WEST |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15570274.2009.9523377 |journal=The Review of Faith & International Affairs |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=21–28 |doi=10.1080/15570274.2009.9523377 |issn=1557-0274}}</ref> |
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=== Sport === |
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Though many modern sports [[Western sports|came from the West]] and originally dispersed through the world via colonialism, there is now an increasing tendency of former colonies to dominate these sports' organizational apparatuses.<ref>{{Citation |last=Bustad |first=Jacob J. |title=The Circus Comes to Town: Formula 1, Globalization, and the Uber-Sport Spectacle |date=2023 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22825-4_23 |work=The History and Politics of Motor Racing: Lives in the Fast Lane |pages=595–617 |editor-last=Sturm |editor-first=Damion |access-date=2023-11-18 |series=Global Culture and Sport Series |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-22825-4_23 |isbn=978-3-031-22825-4 |last2=Andrews |first2=David L. |editor2-last=Wagg |editor2-first=Stephen |editor3-last=Andrews |editor3-first=David L.}}</ref> For example, India has been noted for becoming the dominant power in world [[cricket]], a sport which it had been introduced to during British rule, through its ability to use its large population and market to earn vast revenues through the [[Indian Premier League]] and the commercial appeal of the [[T20 cricket|T20 format]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rumford |first=Chris |date=2007 |title=More than a game: globalization and the post‐Westernization of world cricket |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2007.00165.x |journal=Global Networks |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=202–214 |doi=10.1111/j.1471-0374.2007.00165.x |issn=1470-2266}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gupta |first=Amit |date=2011 |title=The IPL and the Indian domination of global cricket |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17430437.2011.620373 |journal=Sport in Society |language=en |volume=14 |issue=10 |pages=1316–1325 |doi=10.1080/17430437.2011.620373 |issn=1743-0437}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 19:07, 18 November 2023
| Part of a series on |
| Human history |
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| ↑ Prehistory (Stone Age) (Pleistocene epoch) |
| ↓ Future |
The post-Western era is a conjectured time period starting around the 21st century or afterward in which the West is no longer dominant, and other civilizations (particularly Asian ones)[1] gain power.[2][3]
Proponents often argue in favor of a post-Western era by pointing out Western abuses of power during the colonial and post-colonial eras,[4][5] while opponents argue that Western values and civilization are pivotal to human progress and an orderly world, and that a post-Western world might not honor them to the same extent as the West has.[6][7]
History
Western countries initially believed that a post-Western era could be averted or be achieved with most countries following Western values by creating global prosperity and cooperation through a common market system and economic globalization across the world, but later found that various non-Western nations did not want to fully Westernize or adopt Western values while benefitting from such systems.[8]
The Russo-Ukrainian War was noted to have demonstrated the emergence of some features of a post-Western world order during its major escalation in the 2020s, as the West was unable to rally Global South nations to support Ukraine despite the West's own solidarity, in what was seen as various countries prioritizing their own interests and a blow to the rules-based world order.[9][10][11][12]
Transition to the post-Western era
The West
Some debate has emerged within the West around how it should manage its relations with other parts of the world to best transition into a post-Western era, with some calling for the West to maintain internal solidarity around its values,[13] while others call for the West to less stringently uphold its values in its foreign relations so as to better integrate with and potentially influence the increasingly influential non-Western nations.[14]
The non-West
Various factors are said to indicate the decline of Western power and potentially Western values around the world. Asia's youth population has grown significantly relative to the West, with countries such as China acquiring more technological capabilities that can influence the world and potentially be used to reduce individuals' abilities to express their individual rights and/or share power with other individuals in a democratic form of government (see Techno-nationalism).[15]
Impact on global issues
Climate change
Some post-Western advocates believe that non-Western countries can do a better job than the West in terms of addressing climate change, referencing climate change's origins in various actions taken by the West.[16] Western voices have debated how to address climate change in an era where the West is less likely to lead or be able to create cooperation with non-Western countries.[17]
Christianity
Christianity's decline in the West has been argued by some to be contributing to what they see as the West's declining ability to enforce its values both within itself and in the wider world.[18][19]
Christianity's strong historical identification with the West has also become increasingly relevant, as Christians seek to modify their promotion of the religion in a way which can better reach non-Western peoples, and as the religion increasingly grows in the Global South in a form that comes in some conflict with Western-style Christianity.[20][21] There has also been some debate around how Western Christians should engage with or protect non-Western Christians, particularly in the context of religious repression of non-Western Christians.[22]
Sport
Though many modern sports came from the West and originally dispersed through the world via colonialism, there is now an increasing tendency of former colonies to dominate these sports' organizational apparatuses.[23] For example, India has been noted for becoming the dominant power in world cricket, a sport which it had been introduced to during British rule, through its ability to use its large population and market to earn vast revenues through the Indian Premier League and the commercial appeal of the T20 format.[24][25]
See also
References
- ^ Stuenkel, Oliver. "The Post-Western World and the Rise of a Parallel Order". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
- ^ Serfaty, Simon (2012-10-12). A World Recast: An American Moment in a Post-Western Order. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4422-1589-4.
- ^ Roulleau-Berger, Laurence (2016-02-15). Post-Western Revolution in Sociology: From China to Europe. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-30998-2.
- ^ "The Emerging World Order is Post-Western and Pre-Plural". Institut Montaigne. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
- ^ Marshall, Yannick Giovanni. "The future is post-Western". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
- ^ Aybet, Gülnur (2017-04-29). "Making the most of a post-Western world". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2023-11-16.
- ^ Stuenkel, Oliver (2017-09-05). Post-Western World: How Emerging Powers Are Remaking Global Order. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-5095-0458-9.
- ^ "With the end of four centuries of Western dominance, what will the world order be in the 21st century?". Brookings. Retrieved 2023-11-17.
- ^ Henley, Jon; correspondent, Jon Henley Europe (2023-02-22). "War in Ukraine defining new world order, says thinktank". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ^ "The war in Ukraine and the Emergence of the Post-Western World: A View from Brazil". Institut Montaigne. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ^ Leonard, Timothy Garton Ash, Ivan Krastev, Mark (2023-02-22). "United West, divided from the rest: Global public opinion one year into Russia's war on Ukraine". ECFR. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Bradley, Sorcha; published, The Week UK (2023-02-22). "Ukraine and a post-Western world: are we entering a new era in global politics?". theweek. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ^ Wæver, Ole (2018). "A Post-Western Europe: Strange Identities in a Less Liberal World Order". Ethics & International Affairs. 32 (1): 75–88. doi:10.1017/S0892679418000114. ISSN 0892-6794.
- ^ Flockhart, Trine; Kupchan, Charles A.; Lin, Christina; Nowak, Bartlomiej E.; Quirk, Patrick W.; Xiang, Lanxin (2014). Front Matter (Report). German Marshall Fund of the United States. pp. i–ii.
- ^ "Techno-nationalism could determine the 21st Century". BBC News. 2018-09-08. Retrieved 2023-11-17.
- ^ Nair, Chandran (2022-01-04). Dismantling Global White Privilege: Equity for a Post-Western World. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. ISBN 978-1-5230-0001-2.
- ^ Leonard, Mark (2023-07-05). "Governing a Post-Western World | by Mark Leonard". Project Syndicate. Retrieved 2023-11-17.
- ^ fad-admin (2003-10-08). "Western Civilization, Our Tradition". Intercollegiate Studies Institute. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ^ Meacham, Jon (2009-04-03). "Meacham: The End of Christian America". Newsweek. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ^ "Christianity in a "Post-Western" Era - ProQuest" (PDF). www.proquest.com. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ^ "The Changing Face of Christianity: The Cultural Impetus of a World Religion". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ^ Sanneh, Lamin (2009). "PERSECUTED POST-WESTERN CHRISTIANITY AND THE POST-CHRISTIAN WEST". The Review of Faith & International Affairs. 7 (1): 21–28. doi:10.1080/15570274.2009.9523377. ISSN 1557-0274.
- ^ Bustad, Jacob J.; Andrews, David L. (2023), Sturm, Damion; Wagg, Stephen; Andrews, David L. (eds.), "The Circus Comes to Town: Formula 1, Globalization, and the Uber-Sport Spectacle", The History and Politics of Motor Racing: Lives in the Fast Lane, Global Culture and Sport Series, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 595–617, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22825-4_23, ISBN 978-3-031-22825-4, retrieved 2023-11-18
- ^ Rumford, Chris (2007). "More than a game: globalization and the post‐Westernization of world cricket". Global Networks. 7 (2): 202–214. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0374.2007.00165.x. ISSN 1470-2266.
- ^ Gupta, Amit (2011). "The IPL and the Indian domination of global cricket". Sport in Society. 14 (10): 1316–1325. doi:10.1080/17430437.2011.620373. ISSN 1743-0437.