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2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election

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2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election
← 2005 26 September 2010 2015 →
All 165 seats of the National Assembly
83 seats needed for a majority
Turnout66.45%
  First party Second party
 
Leader Diosdado Cabello Ramón Guillermo Aveledo
Party PSUV MUD
Leader since 9 March 2007 23 January 2008
Leader's seat Monagas Did not stand
Last election 118 seats 18 seats
Seats won 96 64
Seat change Decrease22 Increase46
Popular vote 5,451,419 5,334,309
Percentage 48.2% 47.2%
Swing Decrease 7.2 pp Increase 39.0 pp

The 2010 parliamentary election in Venezuela took place on 26 September 2010[1] to elect the 165 deputies to the National Assembly. Venezuelan opposition parties, which had boycotted the previous election thus allowing the governing Fifth Republic Movement (MVR) to gain a two-thirds super majority, participated in the election through the Coalition for Democratic Unity (MUD). In 2007 the Fifth Republic Movement dissolved and the United Socialist Party of Venezuela was formed as the leading government party. Nationally, the popular vote was split equally between PSUV and MUD, but PSUV won a majority of the first-past-the-post seats and consequently retained a substantial majority in the Assembly, although falling short of both two-thirds and three-fifths super majority marks.[2][3]

Of the 165 deputies, 110 were constituency representatives elected on a first-past-the-post, the system in 87 electoral districts, 52 elected on a party list system (two or three deputies per state of Venezuela, depending on population), and 3 seats were reserved for indigenous peoples, with separate rules.

Additionally, 12 representatives were chosen for the Latin American Parliament.

There was initially a dispute between alliances that participated in the election as to which alliance received a plurality of votes.[4][5][6][7] Each coalition was allowed to invite 30 foreign officials to observe the elections.[8][9]

Background

Electoral changes

Elections for the National Assembly of Venezuela in the 2000 and the 2005 were conducted under a weak mixed member proportional system, with 60% elected in first-past-the-post electoral districts and the remainder by closed party list proportional representation.[10] This was an adaptation of the system previously used for the Venezuelan Chamber of Deputies,[11] which had been introduced in 1993, with a 50-50 balance between voting districts and party lists,[12] and deputies per state proportional to population, but with a minimum of three deputies per state.[13]

For the 2010 election, the Ley Orgánica de Procesos Electorales (LOPE) (Basic law of electoral process) among other changes reduced the party list proportion to 30%.[14] In addition, the law completely separated the district vote and the party list votes, creating a more parallel system. Previously, parties winning nominal district seats had had these subtracted from the total won under the proportional party list, which had encouraged parties to game the system by creating separate parties for the party list.[15] Under the new law, in 2009, electoral districts were redefined in a way that has been accused of favouring the PSUV, particularly in giving more weight to votes in the countryside over those in the city.[16][17][18]

Electoral process

In August 2010 the CNE carried out vote simulations, with an average wait of 15–22 minutes. In August/September it also carried out a series of electoral fairs, providing 1500 vote machines in 11 cities for educational purposes, to allow voters to familiarize themselves with the process. As usual in Venezuela, the voting will take place on a non-work day, and the sale of alcohol will be banned starting the day prior to elections. Voting booth attendees are chosen at random by the CNE; for this election, over 400,000 were chosen. Over 80,000 participated in training, compared to 40,000 in 2005.[19]

Four domestic NGOs registered 624 observers each.[20] Unlike the election in 2005, major independent election observing organisations such as the Organization of American States, the European Union and the Carter Center were not invited to observe this election in a technical capacity. Guests from those bodies allowed to observe the final days of the election were not given the technical observation role they had been given in the past. Instead, each alliance participating in the election was permitted to bring "up to 30 witnesses from abroad."[8][9][20][21] The European Union noted that "the Venezuelan National Electoral Council accredited more than 200 international guests to accompany the day of the election. No long-term international electoral observation missions participated."[8] Foreign observers were warned in a full-page newspaper advertisement "not to interfere with the nation's internal affairs." An opposition spokesman said that "If observers were allowed to watch the campaign, they would have seen the abuse of power and of public resources and public media."[20] The government's Roy Chaderton said that foreign observers were present and that comments like this from the opposition were "part of the media terrorism they like to practice".[20]

The CNE monitors political advertisements during campaigns, and reported that for a 3-day period at the end of August, opposition ads made up 75.4% of the airtime given to such ads, across the five main channels Venevisión, Televen, Globovisión, Tves and Venezolana de Televisión.[22] Over half the total opposition ad time of around 80 minutes was on Globovisión.[22] President Hugo Chavez' weekly television program Aló Presidente was suspended during the election campaign (which officially began 25 August, one month before the election), until 3 October.[23] A reporter for The Economist claimed that media controlled by the government gave "blanket coverage to the PSUV's campaign and token, hostile interviews to opposition candidates".[24]

In early September, one member of the five-person CNE, the pro-opposition councillor Vicente Díaz, publicly accused Chavez of breaking campaign laws by using state-run television to "berate rivals and praise friends" during the election campaign.[24][25] Chavez denied breaking the law, and said that Diaz could be prosecuted for making false accusations.[25] Díaz requested the CNE open administrative proceedings, but after extensive internal discussion the CNE declined, and Díaz publicly "recognised Chavez's right to political expression as a citizen and also as president of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela."[19] The opposition electoral coalition, Coalition for Democratic Unity (MUD) rejected the CNE decision, and said it illustrated CNE's lack of independence and willingness to justify violation of electoral rules.[19]

Campaign

A total of 6,465 candidates registered with the National Electoral Council by the June deadline.[26] Around 17.5 million of the country's 28.5 million population are eligible to vote.[27] The ruling United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), with around 7 million members, is by far the largest party in the country by membership.[28]

PSUV

In order to revise the party's statutes, programme, and primary voting methods, the ruling United Socialist Party of Venezuela planned a congress of 772 members representing the country's 759 municipalities. These members were elected by the members of the party in an election held on 15 November 2009.[29] At this congress, beginning on 21 November 2009 and ending in March 2010,[30] members were to debate each weekend over the new standards of the party, in which are included voting and selection method for the upcoming parliamentary elections.[31] Primary elections were held on 2 May 2010, with over 2.5 million party members choosing over 3500 nominees for the 110 constituency representatives, in 87 electoral districts.[26] Nominees for the PSUV party lists were announced later that month.[32]

Opposition

The main Venezuelan opposition parties had boycotted the 2005 parliamentary election, unexpectedly withdrawing just before election day, despite a dispute over the voting process apparently having been resolved with the support of the Organization of American States (OAS).[33] Eleven deputies subsequently defected to the opposition or declared themselves independent.[27]

In June 2009, it was reported that the opposition parties were planning to create the Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (Coalition for Democratic Unity, MUD) a coalition that would include all of the opposition parties which might select unique candidates for the upcoming elections.[34] A previous opposition umbrella group, the Coordinadora Democrática, had collapsed after the failure of the 2004 recall referendum.

By April 2010, the MUD included around 50 political parties, of which 16 were national in scope and the rest regional, and received support from some other social organisations and opinion groups.[27] The main parties included in MUD are the traditional Democratic Action and COPEI (which held power from 1958 to 1998); the left groups Movement for Socialism, Radical Cause and Red Flag Party; and more recently established parties A New Era, Justice First and For Social Democracy ("PODEMOS").[27] In April the MUD held primaries in 15 electoral districts, with 361,000 voters participating, and selecting 22 candidates (the remaining 143 candidates were chosen "by consensus").[27] The candidates chosen included Maria Corina Machado (of Sumate) and Manuel Rosales, the opposition's candidate in the 2006 presidential election and now in exile in Peru (due to corruption charges, which he denies).[27] In addition, a number of the nine police officials imprisoned for participating in the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt, regarded by the MUD as political prisoners, were also nominated, in districts with a real chance of opposition success;[27] winning would require their release due to parliamentary immunity.[27]

The MUD is supported by the Movimiento 2D opposition movement led by El Nacional editor and proprietor Miguel Henrique Otero.[35]

Events

In mid-August 2010 El Nacional sparked an international outcry when its frontpage publication of a graphic archival photo of bodies in a morgue, to illustrate a story about rising crime rates, led the government to temporarily ban such publications.[36] The ban was later overturned.[37] El Nacional editor and proprietor Miguel Henrique Otero, leader of the opposition movement Movimiento 2D, said that "The editorial reasoning behind the photo was to create a shock so that people could in some way react to a situation that the government has done absolutely nothing about."[38] The incident brought further international attention to the issue of Venezuela's crime rates (having already received widespread attention as a leading issue of public concern[39]), and was followed by an article in The New York Times, claiming Venezuela's murder rate was higher than that of Iraq,[40] although the comparison used Iraq Body Count's numbers derived from media reports rather than the World Health Organization's survey-based estimates, which are three times higher. A September 2010 poll conducted by Alfredo Keller & Associates confirmed that crime was the top concern for Venezuelans heading into the September 26 parliamentary elections,[41] as it had been for some time.

At the end of August the death of Franklin Brito due to a hunger strike led to widespread domestic and international media coverage. He had, since 2004, launched a series of unsuccessful legal challenges and dramatic public protests (including a series of hunger strikes) against an alleged government confiscation of part of his farm. The government maintained that his protests were related to land legally owned by his neighbours, and that his final hunger strike came after the disputed land titles had been withdrawn from his neighbours. The government accused the Venezuelan opposition of acting like "vultures" and desiring Brito's death for their own political ends in the context of the coming election.[42]

Opinion polls

Poll results are listed in the tables below in chronological order and using the date the results of the survey were published. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour.

Poll company Source Publication date PSUV MUD Undecided
GIS XXI Radio Nacional de Venezuela March 2010 32% 22% 36%
GIS XXI Radio Nacional de Venezuela May 2010 36% 23% 33%
GIS XXI Radio Nacional de Venezuela June 2010 44% 20% –
Hinterlaces Hinterlaces El Universal July 2010 27% 28% 23%
GIS XXI Correo del Orinoco August 2010 50% 44% –
IVAD El Universal August 2010 45% 43% –
Keller & Asociados El Universal August 2010 32% 46% –
Keller & Asociados El Universal 2 September 2010 43% 57% –
Datanálisis ABC.es September 2010 52% 48% –
Hinterlaces Unión Radio Descifrado September 2010 41% 37% –
IVAD Unión Radio Descifrado September 2010 54% 46% –

Opinion polls vary widely, but the government-aligned GIS XXI (directed by former Chavez interior minister Jesse Chacón) consistently gives poll predictions more favourable to PSUV than other pollsters. GIS XXI's predictions for the February 2009 constitutional referendum just before polling day tallied closely with those of the independent Instituto Venezolano de Análisis de Datos (IVAD), and both closely matched the outcome (a nearly 10 percent margin of victory for approval); opposition-linked companies were predicting heavy defeat as late as December 2008.[citation needed]

In August 2010, the newspaper Últimas Noticias published what it said was the result of an unpublished opinion poll by Datanálisis, which showed the PSUV was likely to win 124 of the National Assembly's 165 seats, which would give it a two-thirds majority.[28] Datanálisis later clarified that the results were a February 2010 extrapolation of the results of the last national election, the 2009 constitutional referendum.[43]

Results

Complete results were available on 28 September, showing a turnout of 66.45%. Out of 165 seats, the PSUV won 96, the MUD 64, the PPT 2, and three others were reserved for indigenous parties.

The election saw the PSUV retain 58.18% of the Assembly seats. It thus lost its two-thirds majority in the assembly, and therefore would not be able to pass organic legislation on its own, without the support of at least some members of the MUD opposition. The PSUV also did not attain a three-fifths majority, which means it would not be able to pass enabling legislation without the aid of 3 non-PSUV members of the National Assembly.[3]

The three seats reserved for indigenous peoples were elected from the Foundation for Integration and Dignification, the Autonomous Movement of Zulia and from CONIVE.[44]

PartyParty-listConstituencyTotal
seats
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
United Socialist Party of Venezuela5,113,12145.21257,521,27745.777196
A New Era998,6068.8321,143,3176.961012
Justice First974,3588.6251,562,9629.511015
Democratic Action924,3398.17141,321,8308.04822
Copei580,4585.131723,5794.4056
Fatherland for All340,5663.011677,4724.1212
Project Venezuela339,8533.012572,7533.4913
For Social Democracy298,3112.640477,7472.9122
National Integrity Movement–Unity204,1631.810314,5641.9100
Communist Party of Venezuela162,9191.440193,8041.1800
Tupamaro152,8291.350148,4790.9000
Radical Cause103,3670.911203,7401.2412
Fearless People's Alliance91,4080.810132,2230.8000
Clear Accounts75,7230.670100,2610.6111
Red Flag Party67,5630.60082,7900.5000
Republican Movement62,1520.55068,0020.4100
Movement for Socialism51,4610.46067,3570.4100
Convergence47,1320.42146,7620.2801
Project Carabobo44,1260.39066,9170.4100
United for Venezuela41,7410.37062,6450.3800
National Opinion34,7790.31042,6330.2600
Democratic Unity33,5370.30054,8760.3300
Emerging People33,2220.29060,7490.3700
Independent Solidarity31,3850.28044,2820.2700
People's Electoral Movement30,8260.27040,0390.2400
Democratic Republican Union24,6690.22037,0790.2300
Venezuelan Popular Unity20,9160.18024,9000.1500
People's Vanguard20,3740.18028,6240.1700
Ecological Movement of Venezuela17,3990.15023,7760.1400
Liberal Force14,5470.13027,5350.1700
Allied Democrats of Free Expression14,0650.12014,9120.0900
Only One People13,9140.12016,0630.1000
Democracia Renovadora12,3950.11018,6260.1100
Electores Libres11,0880.10014,2980.0900
Gerencia Organizacion y Operatividad de Vision Avanzada11,0490.10011,3520.0700
Frente Unido al Trabajo Social10,8620.10021,9230.1300
Partido Autentico Nacional10,3280.09014,5560.0900
Confederacion Democratica10,0300.09014,2120.0900
Poder Laboral9,0650.08012,0360.0700
Community Change Response Networks9,0480.08012,7130.0800
Labour Movement8,9130.08014,0430.0900
Union Nacional Independiente de Organizaciones Sociales8,7230.0808,4250.0500
Por un Mejor Vivir8,5360.08015,0980.0900
Independents for National Community8,0790.0707,5080.0500
Organized Socialist Party in Venezuela7,8950.07012,0650.0700
Think Democracy7,6770.07010,4210.0600
United Youth in National Action with Bimba7,6650.07010,7370.0700
Nosotros Organizados Elegimos7,5410.07012,1070.0700
Organisation Force in Motion7,5230.07017,9590.1100
Venezuela de Primera7,3460.06011,9760.0700
Voluntarios por la Democracia7,2130.06014,1760.0900
Movimiento Bastion Revolucionario Doscientos Cuatro Fases7,0190.06017,9270.1100
Movimiento Conciencia de Pais6,4720.06010,6740.0600
Por Mi Pueblo6,2480.0606,8940.0400
Alianza Social Independiente Sucre6,1270.0507,9840.0500
Movimiento Alternativo Buscando Soluciones5,8860.05015,6230.1000
Vision Venezuela5,8420.0506,8260.0400
Voters of Bolivar5,8000.05016,2970.1000
Fuerza Ciudadana5,7380.0505,4170.0300
Justicia, Rectitud, Lealtad5,7330.0506,5240.0400
Solidaridad5,6100.0507,6680.0500
Plataforma de Encuentro Social4,9630.0406,1020.0400
Partido Politico Actividad Vecinal4,8930.0406,0990.0400
United for Human Rights4,7560.0407,6770.0500
Nuevo Pacto4,7490.0403,8650.0200
Unidos por Monagas4,7010.04015,0850.0900
Nuevo Orden Social4,5280.0405,6310.0300
Renovacion Organizada Grupo Emergente4,1610.0404,2280.0300
Movimiento Nacional la Base Decide3,6120.0306,1150.0400
Dignidad Patriotica3,0290.0305,1280.0300
Fuerza de la Gente2,6130.0203,0350.0200
Dignidad Social Monaguense2,5400.0203,9650.0200
Organizados para Gobernar Gente Nueva2,4920.0202,8450.0200
Advanced Regional Movement2,1890.0202,1870.0100
Consenso en la Zona2,1680.0202,5970.0200
Revolutionary Socialist Party of Venezuela2,0670.0203,4300.0200
Movimiento Vecinal Comunitario1,8160.0204,2910.0300
Movimiento pro Defensa de la Comunidad1,6510.0101,8620.0100
Pueblo en la Calle1,5830.0101,1860.0100
Luz de Anzoategui1,5680.0102,1900.0100
Movimiento Comunitario Voluntad Vecinal1,5070.0102,2710.0100
Progreso Unidad para Anzoátegui1,4970.0101,8230.0100
Movement 1001,4720.0103,5110.0200
Movimiento de Inclusion sin Exclusion en Lara1,4180.0103,3870.0200
Movimiento Popular1,3970.0101,1580.0100
Voluntariado por Lara1,3570.0103,3010.0200
Urgencia Solidaria de Transformacion Estadal Democratica1,2670.0102,4650.0200
Caroni Decide1,2310.0103,2750.0200
Carabobo Militancia Nacional1,1890.0102,1080.0100
Movimiento Independiente por Maracaibo1,1630.0101,1320.0100
Por Amor a los Pueblos1,1370.0101,4180.0100
Comite de Bases Organizadas Independientes de Silva1,1020.0101,3160.0100
Tiempo Social Nacionalista1,0760.0101,3150.0100
Juventud Activa1,0750.0101290.0000
Partido Democracia Nacional1,0370.0108500.0100
Movimiento Independiente por El Zulia1,0340.0101,0410.0100
Intercultural Pluriethnic Movement of Venezuela1,0020.0108520.0100
Progreso en Marcha9990.0101,1710.0100
Puro Limon9390.0101,6540.0100
Alpha Project9260.0101,5010.0100
Seguimos Hacia Carabobo9030.0101,7080.0100
Somos Miranda8570.0101,3210.0100
Pueblo Luchador8460.0101,0650.0100
Dialogo8370.0101,0520.0100
Movimiento Emergente Regional Independiente8340.0107420.0000
Movimiento Ciudadano Unidos por la Democracia8320.0102,1070.0100
Puerto Cabello Primero8230.0109290.0100
Venezuela con Otra Vision8230.0101,1790.0100
Movimiento Unido Electoral Varguense Tu Esperanza8090.0101,6400.0100
Movimiento Popular Camino Nuevo7990.0101,4670.0100
Venezuelan Independent Will Voters7960.0109120.0100
Rumbo Seguro7610.0106370.0000
Abriendo Brecha por Anzoategui7520.0101,1190.0100
Worlers' Party7310.0101,0200.0100
Organised Independent Party7020.0104780.0000
Una Venezuela Activa Libre6950.0101,2590.0100
Cambio Historico Etico de Opinion6560.0109660.0100
Nuestra Esperanza en Lara6560.0101,7060.0100
Renovacion en Democracia Nacimiento Alternativo6520.0101,2320.0100
La Hora del Pueblo6470.0102960.0000
Partido Popular por una Caracas de Primera6430.0108530.0100
Consenso Histórico Electoral Independiente Que Educa6270.0108390.0100
Movimiento Independiente Alcantarense6260.0106380.0000
Alianza de Unidad Regional6150.0101,4850.0100
Social Cause6060.0108490.0100
Sociality Unity of the Left5800.0107290.0000
Grupo Electoral Regional Amazonense Dispuestos a Vencer Unidos5660.0107470.0000
Claridad Ciudadana5430.0001,1660.0100
Revolucionario Independiente Organizado Social5320.0005960.0000
Movement for Direct Democracy5240.0003910.0000
Ciudadanos a la Reconstruccion Vamos4790.0004580.0000
Venezuela Alternativa4640.0007400.0000
Amigos por Venezuela4560.0004570.0000
Alternativa Revolucionaria para Avanzar al Socialismo4290.0007780.0000
Constructores de Guayana4070.0009930.0100
Unión Patriótica Guariqueña3790.0003400.0000
Movimiento Independiente Renovador-2003740.0004320.0000
Movimiento Comunidades Organizadas3600.0008740.0100
La Red del Pueblo3490.0003120.0000
Fuerza Democrata de Venezuela3320.0003460.0000
Nueva Generacion Insular3210.0002980.0000
Movimiento Revolucionario Barineses por Venezuela3150.0005560.0000
Por un Mariño Mejor3060.0002710.0000
Sobre Ruedas por Cojedes3040.0003710.0000
Everyone United for Amazonas2980.0002010.0000
Alianza Eficaz2730.0004170.0000
Unidad Patriotica Comunitaria2670.0002800.0000
Sixth Republic2340.0002140.0000
Socialismo en Marcha2160.0003730.0000
Vamos Adelante2060.0001960.0000
Movimiento Politico de Participacion Ciudadana1820.0001530.0000
Guardianes de la Patria1700.0001890.0000
Movimiento Progresista1530.0002100.0000
Fuerza Brava1520.0002770.0000
Nueva Revolucion1400.0001090.0000
Por Vargas de Verdad1260.0002030.0000
Nuevo Dia1190.0001150.0000
Movimiento de Avanzada Regional Organizada en Amazonas1110.000840.0000
Amigos de Alianza Libertadora Independiente1070.000770.0000
Yacimiento Indigenista Venezolano Independiente1040.0001,1020.0100
People of Vargas1000.0001750.0000
Accion Regional Social Voluntaria950.0001000.0000
Vargas Solidaria930.0001950.0000
Movimiento de Concentracion Gente Nueva710.000580.0000
Patria y Democracia680.000610.0000
Grupo de Accion Radical Unidos por la Amistad670.000710.0000
Rompamos Cadenas610.0001240.0000
Siempre Contigo Carabobo2,0390.0100
Varias Tarjetas Válidas1,5210.0100
Fuerza con Caticaracas1,1020.0100
Dignidad Independiente en Accion220.0000
Independents4280.0000
Indigenous representatives3
Total11,309,145100.005216,431,660100.00110165
Valid votes11,309,14597.52
Invalid/blank votes287,0942.48
Total votes11,596,239100.00
Registered voters/turnout17,458,47366.42
Source: IFES, Jose Huerta, CNE

By state

State Party list seats Nominal seats
Votes Seats PSUV MUD PPT
PSUV MUD PPT Others PSUV MUD PPT PODEMOS MPJ AD Causa Я CC COPEI UNT PV
Amazonas 23,934 8,071 23,699 1,244 1 1 1
Anzoátegui 278,717 323,701 5,326 12,172 1 1 2 3 1
Apure 97,966 59,197 2,623 2,069 1 1 3
Aragua 354,638 328,165 5,990 16,567 1 1 4 2
Barinas 172,643 129,244 2,743 1,736 1 1 4
Bolivar 257,546 243,998 4,766 5,414 1 1 5 1
Carabobo 390,834 484,390 6,724 23,096 1 2 5 1 1
Cojedes 80,837 41,207 1,086 3,381 1 1 2
Delta Amacuro 51,013 16,264 584 3,436 2 2
Distrito Capital 484,103 484,844 11,313 33,862 1 2 6 1
Falcón 189,769 167,674 3,562 1,976 1 1 3 1
Guárico 164,281 82,372 32,407 2,852 1 1 3
Lara 297,275 219,348 207,181 4,980 1 1 5 2
Mérida 178,638 183,563 2,851 1,734 1 1 3 1
Miranda 501,468 691,118 7,026 10,245 1 2 5 4
Monagas 194,118 116,909 1,975 17,546 1 1 4
Nueva Esparta 78,656 111,735 1,345 968 1 1 2
Portuguesa 205,739 104,887 7,102 8,274 1 1 4
Sucre 170,541 157,239 2,506 1,502 1 1 2 2
Táchira 216,393 290,217 1,672 5,771 1 1 1 4
Trujillo 175,116 98,538 2,809 2,861 1 1 3
Vargas 84,241 66,553 1,291 1,574 1 1 2
Yaracuy 131,982 97,725 11,129 1,063 1 1 3
Zulia 670,974 827,350 6,967 4,414 1 2 2 10
TOTAL 5,451,422
48.20%		 5,334,309
47.17%		 354,677
3.14%		 168,737
1.49%		 25 26 1 71 2 10 8 1 1 5 10 1 1
Three additional seats are reserved for indigenous peoples: these were won by the Fundación para la Capacitación e Integración y Dignificación, the Movimiento Indígena Autónomo del estado Zulia and the Consejo Nacional Indio de Venezuela (CONIVE).
Source: National Electoral Council[45][46]

Elected representatives

Representative Party State Votes
Bloque oficialista
César Sanguinetti PSUV Amazonas List
Earle Herrera PSUV Anzoátegui List
Cristóbal Jiménez PSUV Apure List
Orlando Zambrano PSUV Apure-1 33 034
Juan García PSUV Apure-2 33 208
Jhonny Salguero PSUV Apure-3 30 473
María León PSUV Aragua List
Rosa León PSUV Aragua-2 95 260
José Hernández PSUV Aragua-2 94 209
Carlos EscarrᆠPSUV Aragua-3 66 555
Elvis Amoroso PSUV Aragua-4 75 540
Giovanny Peña PSUV Barinas List
Jesús Graterol PSUV Barinas-1 115 632
Eduardo Lima PSUV Barinas-1 115 025
Zulay Martínez PSUV Barinas-2 59 544
Maigualida Santana PSUV Barinas-2 59 260
Victoria Mata PSUV Bolívar List
Gil Barrios PSUV Bolívar-1 78 721
Tito Oviedo PSUV Bolívar-1 78 270
Richard Sosa PSUV Bolívar-2 134 057
Nancy Asencio PSUV Bolívar-2 133 916
Sol Velásquez PSUV Bolívar-2 133 434
Francisco Ameliach PSUV Carabobo List
Miriam Pérez PSUV Carabobo-1 78 841
Héctor Argüero PSUV Carabobo-4 58 791
José Ávila PSUV Carabobo-5 149 977
Saúl Ortega PSUV Carabobo-5 149 812
Asdrúbal Colina PSUV Carabobo-5 149 753
Érika Farías PSUV Cojedes List
Loidy Herrera PSUV Cojedes-1 36 763
Alejandro Villanueva PSUV Cojedes-2 41 455
Yelitza Santaella PSUV Delta Amacuro List
Henry Hernández PSUV Delta Amacuro List
Alfredo Rojas PSUV Delta Amacuro-1 26 535
Loa Tamaronis PSUV Delta Amacuro-2 20 804
Cilia Flores PSUV Distrito Capital List
Aristóbulo Istúriz PSUV Distrito Capital-1 134 919
Freddy Bernal PSUV Distrito Capital-1 133 115
Robert Serra† PSUV Distrito Capital-2 71 339
Jesús Farías PSUV Distrito Capital-4 80 359
Darío Vivas PSUV Distrito Capital-5 138 531
Juan Carlos Alemán PSUV Distrito Capital-5 138 436
Fernando Soto PSUV Falcón List
Andrés Eloy Méndez PSUV Falcón-1 39 417
Jesús Montilla PSUV Falcón-2 58 308
Henry Ventura PSUV Falcón-4 41 396
Jesús Cepeda PSUV Guárico-1 78 820
Roger Cordero PSUV Guárico-2 45 714
Alfredo Ureña PSUV Guárico-3 39 026
Luis Reyes Reyes PSUV Lara List
Alexander Torrealba PSUV Lara-1 130 197
Francisco Martínez PSUV Lara-1 130 115
Isabel Lameda PSUV Lara-1 129 499
Alexander Dudamel PSUV Lara-2 115 658
Julio Chávez PSUV Lara-2 114 630
Diógenes Andrade PSUV Mérida List
Alexis Ramírez PSUV Mérida-1 46 161
Ramón Lobo PSUV Mérida-2 43 177
Guido Ochoa PSUV Mérida-3 45 659
Héctor Navarro PSUV Miranda List
Juan Soto PSUV Miranda-4 106 839
Marleny Contreras PSUV Miranda-4 106 737
Modesto Ruiz PSUV Miranda-5 52 592
Claudio Farías PSUV Miranda-6 95 629
Elio Serrano PSUV Miranda-7 54 980
Diosdado Cabello PSUV Monagas List
María Aranguren PSUV Monagas-1 120 708
Orangel López PSUV Monagas-1 120 306
Nelson Rodríguez Parra PSUV Monagas-1 120 250
Jesús Domínguez PSUV Monagas-2 70 101
William Fariñas PSUV Nueva Esparta List
Blanca Eekhout PSUV Portuguesa List
Silvio Mora PSUV Portuguesa-1 65 241
Enzo Caballo Russo PSUV Portuguesa-2 43 371
Nelson Escobar PSUV Portuguesa-3 54 068
César González PSUV Portuguesa-4 42 714
Luis Acuña Cedeño PSUV Sucre List
Erick Mago PSUV Sucre-1 54 432
Algencio Monasterio PSUV Sucre-2 38 088
Iris Varela PSUV Táchira List
Ricardo Sanguino PSUV Táchira-3 40 854
Manuel Briceño PSUV Trujillo List
Christian Zerpa PSUV Trujillo-1 61 582
José Morales PSUV Trujillo-2 66 633
Hugbel Roa PSUV Trujillo-3 47 119
Oswaldo Vera PSUV Vargas List
Odalis Monzón PSUV Vargas-1 84 456
Gladys Requena PSUV Vargas-1 84 083
Braulio Álvarez PSUV Yaracuy List
Néstor León Heredia PSUV Yaracuy-1 46 985
Yorman Aular PSUV Yaracuy-2 39 147
Carlos Gamarra PSUV Yaracuy-3 45 933
Francisco Arias Cárdenas PSUV Zulia List
Jhony Bracho PSUV Zulia-2 38 021
Sergio Fuenmayor PSUV Zulia-3 65 588
Óscar Figueras PCV Guárico List
José Luis González CONIVE Indígena-Oriente 852 689
Argelio Pérez FUNDACIDI Indígena-Sur 119 270
Bloque Mesa de la Unidad Democrática
Hiram Gaviria UNT Aragua-1 151 418
Stalin González UNT Distrito Capital List
Carlos Ramos Rivas UNT Mérida-3 75 685
William Ojeda UNT Miranda List
Alfonso Marquina UNT Miranda-1 112 595
Orlando Ávila UNT Nueva Esparta-1 46 700
Enrique Catalán UNT Trujillo List
Omar Barboza UNT Zulia List
Alfredo Osorio UNT Zulia List
Juan Romero UNT Zulia-1 45 112
William Barrientos UNT Zulia-4 49 368
José Sánchez UNT Zulia-5 92 123
Enrique Márquez UNT Zulia-6 93 985
Elías Matta UNT Zulia-8 71 305
Julio Montoya UNT Zulia-9 88 797
Freddy Paz UNT Zulia-12 46 599
Antonio Barreto Sira AD Anzoátegui List
Rodolfo Rodríguez AD Anzoátegui-1 90 441
Carlos Michelangeli AD Anzoátegui-3 94 565
Miriam de Montilla AD Apure List
Dennis Fernández AD Cojedes List
Elieser Sirit AD Falcón List
Edgar Zambrano AD Lara-3 85 808
Williams Dávila AD Mérida List
Juan Pablo García AD Monagas List
Tobías Bolívar Parra AD Nueva Esparta List
César Rincones AD Sucre List
Leomagno Flores AD Táchira-1 54 321
Bernardo Guerra AD Vargas List
Hernán Alemán AD Zulia-10 100 802
Jacinto Romero Luna COPEI Anzoátegui-2 55 335
José Gregorio Graterol COPEI Falcón-3 54 235
Eduardo Gómez Sigala COPEI Lara-3 88 706
Enrique Mendoza COPEI Miranda-2 234 272
Morel Rodríguez Rojas COPEI Nueva Esparta-2 64 049
Iván Colmenares COPEI Portuguesa List
Homero Ruiz COPEI Táchira List
Gabino Paz COPEI Táchira-2 44 056
Abelardo Díaz COPEI Táchira-4 44 056
Mervin Méndez COPEI Zulia-11 87 514
Richard Arteaga PJ Anzoátegui-3 93 117
Richard Mardo PJ Aragua-1 152 722
Dinhora Figuera PJ Distrito Capital List
Julio Borges PJ Miranda List
Juan Carlos Caldera PJ Miranda-3 122 847
Tomás Guanipa PJ Zulia-7 73 099
Jesús Paraqueima PODEMOS Anzoátegui-1 91 195
Ismael García PODEMOS Aragua List
Hermes García PODEMOS Sucre-3 92 292
Carlos Berrizbeitia PROVE Carabobo List
Deyaitza Aray PROVE Carabobo List
Vestalia Sampedro PROVE Carabobo-2 64 671
Andrés Velásquez LCR Bolívar List
Américo de Grazia LCR Bolívar-3 48 439
Alfredo Ramos LCR Lara List
Richar Blanco ABP Distrito Capital-3 124 957
Biaggio Pirieli Convergencia Yaracuy List
Marcos Figueroa DALE Anzoátegui-4 80 810
Julio César Reyes GE Barinas List
Miguel Cocchiola CC Carabobo-3 164 494
Hernán Núñez MVP Sucre-3 94 457
José Manuel González Indep Guárico List
María Corina Machado Indep Miranda-2 235 259
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Indep Táchira-5 97 458
Arcadio Montiel MIAZULIA Indígena-Occidente 1 063 904
Partido Patria Para Todos
Nirma Guarulla PPT Amazonas List
Julio YgarzaR PPT Amazonas-1 23 453

Reaction

Chavez called the results a "solid victory."[47]

The price on Venezuelan bonds increased on news of the election results, described by Bloomberg as "Chavez's worst setback at the ballot box since taking office in 1999".[48]

Analysis

According to Reuters, "The new parliamentarians do not take their seats until January, so Chavez has a compliant Assembly for three months more to push through legislation."[49]

After the election, the Spanish newspaper El País suggested that the PSUV and the MUD would have finished with 80 seats each had the elections been run under the previous system.[50][51] The Director of the National Electoral Council (CNE) said that districts were drawn according to a standard national formula, and pointed out that the disproportionality involved in Venezuela's state-based mixed member majoritarian system didn't uniquely favour one party: in four states (Zulia, Tachira, Anzoategui and Nueva Esparta) PSUV obtained over 40% of the vote, but won only 7 seats against the opposition's 27.[52]

References

  1. ^ "Bienvenidos al portal del Consejo Nacional Electoral" (in Spanish). Cne.gov.ve. Retrieved 2010-08-21. [dead link‍]
  2. ^ Devereux, Chrlie and Corina Rodriguez Pons. Business Week, 27 September 2010. "Venezuela's Opposition Pushes Back Chavez in Vote".
  3. ^ a b Constitution of Venezuela, article 203 (page 75) http://www.analitica.com/bitblioteca/venezuela/constitucion_ingles.pdf Archived 2006-04-06 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Dan Molinski, "Venezuela's Chavez Claims Popular-Vote Victory In Election", The Wall Street Journal, http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20100928-706902.html
  5. ^ "Venezuelan leader claims 'victory'", Al-Jazeera, http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2010/09/201092812726888590.html
  6. ^ "Venezuelan opposition alliance claims it won 52 percent of popular vote", El Universal, http://www.eluniversal.com/2010/09/27/en_pol_esp_venezuelan-oppositio_27A4527293.shtml
  7. ^ (in Spanish) "Sobre representación perjudica a la oposición", El Universal, http://eluniversal.com/2010/09/27/v2010_ava_sobre-representacion_27A4527053.shtml Archived 2011-07-10 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ a b c European Union, "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on the elections in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela", http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/cfsp/116787.pdf
  9. ^ a b Organization of American States, "OAS Officials are Special Guests to Election Day in Venezuela", http://www.oas.org/OASpage/press_releases/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-349/10
  10. ^ CNN, Venezuela (Presidential), accessed 27 September 2010
  11. ^ Donna Lee Van Cott (2005), From movements to parties in Latin America: the evolution of ethnic politics, Cambridge University Press. p29
  12. ^ Crisp, Brian F. and Rey, Juan Carlos (2003), "The Sources of Electoral Reform in Venezuela", in Shugart, Matthew Soberg, and Martin P. Wattenberg, Mixed-Member Electoral Systems - The Best of Both Worlds?, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. pp. 173–194(22)
  13. ^ Crisp and Rey (2003:175)
  14. ^ Venezuelanalysis.com, 2 August 2009, Venezuela Passes New Electoral Law
  15. ^ Venezuelanalysis.com, 1 October 2010, A New Opportunity for Venezuela's Socialists
  16. ^ Carroll, Rory (27 September 2010). "Venezuela election loosens Chávez's grip on power". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
  17. ^ Romero, Simon. The New York Times, 26 September 2010. "Venezuelans Vote for Legislators".
  18. ^ Latin American Herald Tribune, 27 September 2010, "In Venezuela, Opposition Wins Vote Total, but Chavez Still Dominates Parliament".
  19. ^ a b c Venezuelanalysis.com, 10 September 2010, Chavez Allowed to Campaign Says Venezuelan Electoral Council
  20. ^ a b c d Miami Herald, 21 September 2010, "Election observers coming to Venezuela -- what will they see?"[permanent dead link‍]
  21. ^ Center for Strategic and International Studies, "PSUV Seeks to Maintain a Majority in Venezuela's Upcoming Legislative Elections", http://csis.org/blog/psuv-seeks-maintain-majority-venezuela%E2%80%99s-upcoming-legislative-elections Archived 2010-10-18 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ a b (in Spanish) El Universal, 2 September 2010, CNE: Oposición tiene 60,3% de la propaganda electoral en TV
  23. ^ Vheadline.com, 23 August 2010, Presidential 'Alo Presidente' radio/TV shows suspended until October 3[permanent dead link‍]
  24. ^ a b The Economist, 23 September 2010, "Chávez grapples with a 50/50 nation".
  25. ^ a b Toothaker, Christopher. Associated Press, 2 September 2010. "Election official: Chavez breaking campaign rules".
  26. ^ a b Venezuelanalysis.com, 7 June 2010, 6,465 Venezuelans to Run in National Assembly Elections
  27. ^ a b c d e f g h IPS News, 27 April 2010, Opposition Plans Return to Venezuelan Congress Archived 2010-07-10 at the Wayback Machine
  28. ^ a b Venezuelanalysis.com, 17 August 2010, As PSUV and Opposition Intensify National Assembly Campaigns, Polls Indicate Majority for Socialists
  29. ^ (in Spanish) [unreliable source?] 14.Nov.2009 / 06:21 am / Haga un comentario (2009-11-14). "listo para elección de delegados al Congreso Extraordinario". PSUV. Retrieved 2010-08-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  30. ^ "1er Congreso Extraordinario del PSUV debatirá hasta el primer trimestre de 2010 | Venezolana de Televisión" (in Spanish). Vtv.gov.ve. Archived from the original on 2010-02-23. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
  31. ^ pgbservices.com. "PSUV listo para Congreso Extraordinario - Noticia en ANTV" (in Spanish). Antv.gob.ve. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
  32. ^ Venezuelanalysis.com, 25 May 2010, Venezuela's Chavez Announces PSUV Candidate Lists
  33. ^ In the run-up to the election, there were concerns about the use of digital fingerprint scanners as part of the voting process. On 28 November the National Electoral Council (CNE), in a decision brokered by the OAS, announced that it would not use the controversial machines. Despite this, several days later five opposition parties withdrew from the elections. "The move surprised election officials, and some reports indicate that international observers were unhappy that the opposition had reneged on a commitment to participate in the elections if the digital fingerprint machines were not used." - Mark Sullivan, Congressional Research Service, 28 July 2009, Venezuela: Political Conditions and U.S. Policy. (Archive copy)
  34. ^ "Partidos de oposición conforman Mesa de la Unidad Democrática" (in Spanish). Noticiasve.com. Archived from the original on 2010-08-25. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
  35. ^ (in Spanish) El Nacional, 26 February 2010, Movimiento 2D apoyará a Mesa de la Unidad para comicios del 26-S
  36. ^ BBC, 18 August 2010, Venezuela bans 'violent' photos in newspapers
  37. ^ Venezuelanalysis.com, 20 August 2010, Venezuelan Court Retracts Ruling in Graphic Image Controversy
  38. ^ CNN, 18 August 2010, Venezuelan newspaper owner defends photo that spurred investigation
  39. ^ Venezuelanalysis.com, 30 March 2009, Crime in Venezuela: Opposition Weapon or Serious Problem?
  40. ^ Simon Romero. The New York Times, 22 August 2010, Venezuela, More Deadly Than Iraq, Wonders Why
  41. ^ El Universal, 3 September 2010, Election campaign for new National Assembly heats up Archived 2012-07-08 at archive.today
  42. ^ Cawthorne, Andrew. Reuters, 2 September 2010, Venezuela says opposition sought protester's death
  43. ^ (in Spanish) El Universal, 20 August 2010, Datanálisis niega proyección de 124 curules para el PSUV Archived 2011-07-10 at the Wayback Machine
  44. ^ Venezuelanalysis.com, 27 September 2010, (UPDATED) National Assembly Election Results- 95 Legislators for PSUV
  45. ^ Poder Electoral Emitió Primer Boletín Oficial de Elecciones Parlamentarias (in Spanish), Consejo Nacional Electoral, 2010-09-27, retrieved 2010-09-27.
  46. ^ (in Spanish) Consejo Nacional Electoral, Divulgación Elecciones Parlamentarias
  47. ^ Toothaker, Christopher, The Associated Press, 27 September 2010.The Associated Press "Chavez allies win congressional majority in vote".
  48. ^ Jaramillo, Andrea. Bloomberg, 27 September 2010. Venezuelan Bonds Gain as Chavez Loses Congressional Seats in Worst Setback.
  49. ^ Cawthorne, Andrew. Reuters, 27 September 2010, Analysis: Venezuela opposition buoyed for 2012 presidential race.
  50. ^ "Chávez se atraganta con su ley electoral", El País, 28 September 2010.
  51. ^ Indeed, the number of seats which would have been obtained in a strictly proportional system are close to these numbers. If the percentage of the 2010 party list vote gained by each of the main party alliances were multiplied by 165, the number of seats contested in the Assembly, the PSUV would have won 79.54 seats, the MUD would have won 77.83 seats, and the PPT would have won 5.17 seats (these figures are presented as decimals to reflect that different proportional representation rounding methods might round these figures up or down, depending on the methodology used to round the value to a whole number). Multiplying the vote percentages instead by 162 (to reflect that three seats were elected separately by indigenous Venezuelans) would lower the results of the calculation to PSUV, 78.08 seats; MUD 76.42 seats; and PPT 5.09 seats. (Figures derived from the CNE official vote results.)
  52. ^ Venezuelanalysis.com, 28 September 2010, CNE: Venezuelan Electoral Districts Drawn by Standard Method, Not Partisan Politics

Further reading

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