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Southern Kurdish

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Southern Kurdish
کوردی باشووری
Native toEastern Iraq, Western Iran
RegionKurdistan
Native speakers
3 million in Iran, 350,000 in Iraq[1]
Kurdish alphabet (Perso-Arabic script)
Language codes
ISO 639-3sdh
Glottologsout2640
Linguasphere58-AAA-c
Geographic distribution of Kurdish dialects and other Iranian languages spoken by Kurds

Southern Kurdish (Kurdish: کوردی باشووری ,کوردی خوارگ, romanized: Kurdî Başûrî, Kurdî Xwarig)[2] is one of the dialects of the Kurdish language, spoken predominantly in eastern Iraq and western Iran.[3] The Southern Kurdish-speaking region spans from Khanaqin in Iraq to Dehloran southward and Asadabad eastward in Iran.[4]

Name

Southern Kurdish is a new term coined by some Western linguists in order to refer to a group of dialects in Western Iran. According to the same linguists, the speakers of these dialects are not familiar with the term "Southern Kurdish" and do not use that.[5] According to the linguists: "When consulted about what kind of Kurdish they speak, respondents generally refer first to a very local variety (Kurdish of a given village), or a mid-level variety such as “Ardalāni” or “Garūsi”".[5]

Variants

Southern Kurdish has many variants, linguist Fattah divides them into 35 varieties. These include:

  • Bicarî
    • The most septentrional variety of Southern Kurdish spoken in and around Bijar in Iran. Bicarî is the only Southern Kurdish variety detached from the greater Southern Kurdish-speaking region.[6]
  • Qorwa (Chahar Dawli xarbi)
    • The Qorwa variety is spoken around Ghorveh in Iran and is related to the variety spoken in Asadabad and other Kurdish-speaking areas in Hamadan Province.[7]
  • Kolyayî
    • The Kolyayî variety is spoken northeast of Kermanshah, principally in Sonqor County and surrounding counties. The variety also spans into the Kolyai Rural District in Hamadan Province.[8]
  • Bilawar
  • Dinawar
    • About 83 villages in Dinavar District speak the Dinawar variety. The differences between the Dinawar and the Kolyayî varieties are anodine.[10]
  • Sahana / Lekî-Kirmaşanî
    • The Sahana variety, or lakî-kirmashanî has many similar characteristics with Laki and is spoken in Harsin County and in Sahneh. What distinguishes it most from Laki is the lack of the ergative case.[10]
  • Kordali a.k.a. Palai is quite distant, and may be a distinct language.[11]

Other variants include: Bîstûnî, Çihrî, Hersîn, Payrawand, Kirmaşanî, Sanjabî, Xalesa, Çemçemal, Qasirî Şîrîn, Serpuli Zuhawî, Harasam, Kelurî, Îwan, Erkewazî, Şêrwanî, Îlamî, Salihabad, Rîka, Badraî, Melikşahî, Mêxasî, Mihran, Xaneqînî, Mendilî, Duşêxî, Kaprat, Warmizyar, Zurbatiya and Feylî.[12]

Alphabet

The Southern Kurdish alphabet is very similar to the Central Kurdish (Sorani) alphabet, which is a derivation of the Arabic alphabet. Southern Kurdish has one additional letter "ۊ"; the Arabic letter waw with two dots above.

ع‎ ش‎ س‎ ژ‎ ز‎ ڕ‎ ر‎ د‎ خ‎ ح‎ چ‎ ج‎ ت‎ پ‎ ب‎ ا‎ ئـ‎
17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ێ‎ ی‎ ۊ‎ ۆ‎ و‎ ە‎ ھ‎ ن‎ م‎ ڵ‎ ل‎ گ‎ ک‎ ق‎ ڤ‎ ف‎ غ‎
34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Southern Kurdish at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ "Kurdish, Southern". Ethnologue. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  3. ^ "Kurdish language i. History of the Kurdish language". Iranica Online. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
  4. ^ Fattah (2000), pp. VII.
  5. ^ a b Anonby, Erik; Mohammadirad, Masour; Sheyholislami, Jaffer (299). "Kordestan Province in the Atlas of the Languages of Iran: Research process, language distribution, and language classification". Current issues in Kurdish linguistics. University of Bamberg Press. p. 26.
  6. ^ Fattah (2000), pp. 16–17.
  7. ^ Fattah (2000), pp. 18–19.
  8. ^ Fattah (2000), p. 19.
  9. ^ Fattah (2000), p. 20.
  10. ^ a b Fattah (2000), p. 21.
  11. ^ Erik Anonby, Mortaza Taheri-Ardali & Amos Hayes (2019) The Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI). Iranian Studies 52. A Working Classification
  12. ^ Fattah (2000), pp. 22–40.

Biography

  • Fattah, Ismaïl Kamandâr (2000), Les dialectes Kurdes méridionaux, Acta Iranica, ISBN 9042909188
Southern Kurdish test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
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