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Coordinates: 29°43′16″N 95°23′28″W / 29.721°N 95.391°W / 29.721; -95.391
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{{Short description|Park in Texas, United States of America, United States of America}}
{{Infobox park
{{Infobox park
| name = Hermann Park
| name = Hermann Park
| photo = Sam Houston monument, Hermann Park.jpg
| photo = Sam Houston monument, Hermann Park.jpg
| photo_caption = ''[[Sam Houston Monument]]'' at the northern end of Hermann Park
| photo_width =
| type = [[Urban park]]
| photo_caption = Hermann Park
| type = Municipal ([[Houston, Texas]])
| location = [[Houston Museum District|Museum District]], [[Houston]], [[Texas]], [[United States]]
| coords = {{coord|29.721|-95.391|type:landmark_globe:earth_region:US-TX|display=ti}}
| location = [[Houston Museum District|Museum District]], Houston
| coords = {{Coord|29|43|16|N|95|23|29|W}}
| area = {{convert|445|acre|ha}}
| area = {{convert|445|acre|ha}}
| created = 1914
| created = 1914
| designer = [[George Kessler]]
| operator = The Hermann Park Conservancy
| operator = Hermann Park Conservancy<br />City of Houston
| visitation_num = 5.5 million
| visitation_num = 6 million
| <ref>Website </ref>= [http://www.www.hermannpark.org www.www.hermannpark.org]
| visitation_ref = <ref name=":1" />
| status = Open All Year
| open = 6 am – 11 pm daily
| Website = [http://www.www.hermannpark.org www.www.hermannpark.org]
| publictransit = [[METRORail Red Line]]: [[Hermann Park / Rice University (METRORail station)|Hermann Park / Rice University]]
| key_people = Doreen N. Stoller <small>Executive Director</small>
| website = {{URL|www.hermannpark.org}}
}}
}}
{{Location map+|Houston Hermann Park|float=right|width=260|caption=Map of Hermann Park}}
[[Image:Hermann Park Texas.jpg|thumb|A view of the [[reflecting pool]] and [[Sam Houston]] statue in Hermann Park.]]
[[Image:Pioneer Memorial Hermann Park.jpg|thumb|right|The Pioneer Memorial obelisk stands at the end of the Reflecting Pool in Hermann Park. It was erected by the San Jacinto Centennial Association and dedicated on August 30, 1936.]]
[[Image:Hermann Park Texas.jpg|thumb|A view of the [[Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool]] and [[Sam Houston Monument|monument]] to [[Sam Houston]].]]
[[Image:Pioneer Memorial Hermann Park.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Pioneer Memorial (Houston)|Pioneer Memorial]] obelisk stands at the end of the [[Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool]]. It was erected by the San Jacinto Centennial Association and dedicated on August 30, 1936.]]
'''Hermann Park''' is one of [[Houston]]'s most-visited public parks. Situated between Fannin Street and Cambridge Street, it is within walking distance from the [[Texas Medical Center]], [[Rice University]], and the [[Houston Museum District|Museum District]], and within a few miles of the [[The six wards of Houston#Third Ward|Third Ward]], the historic [[Astrodome]] and [[Reliant Stadium]] (home stadium for the [[Houston Texans]]). The land which it occupies was presented to the City of Houston by [[George H. Hermann]] in 1914.
[[File:Hermann Park, Houston Texas.jpg|thumb|Japanese garden pond in Hermann Park]]
'''Hermann Park''' is a {{Convert|445|acre|hectare|adj=on}} [[urban park]] in [[Houston]], [[Texas]], situated at the southern end of the [[Houston Museum District|Museum District]]. The park is located immediately north of the [[Texas Medical Center]] and [[Brays Bayou]], east of [[Rice University]], and slightly west of the [[Third Ward, Houston|Third Ward]]. Hermann Park is home to numerous cultural institutions including the [[Houston Zoo]], [[Miller Outdoor Theatre]], the [[Houston Museum of Natural Science]], and the [[Hermann Park Golf Course]], which became one of the first desegregated public golf courses in the United States in 1954. The park also features the [[Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool]], numerous gardens, picnic areas, and [[McGovern Lake]], an {{Convert|8|acre|m2|adj=on}} recreational lake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hermannpark.org/poi/34/|title=McGovern Lake|date=2018|website=Hermann Park Conservancy|access-date=March 27, 2018}}</ref>


One of Houston's oldest public parks, Hermann Park was created on acreage donated to the City of Houston by cattleman, oilman and philanthropist [[George H. Hermann]] (1843–1914). The land was formerly the site of his sawmill.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Muir |first1=Andrew F. |title=Hermann, George Henry |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/hermann-george-henry |website=Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref> It was first envisioned as part of a comprehensive [[urban planning]] effort by the city of Houston in the early 1910s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Fox|first=Stephen|date=Spring 1983|title=Big Park, Little Plans: A History of Hermann Park|url=http://offcite.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2010/02/BigParkLittlePlans_Fox_Cite3.pdf|journal=Cite Magazine|volume=3|pages=18–21}}</ref> Following the recommendation of a 1913 report which identified the then-rural area between Main Street and Brays Bayou as ideal for a large urban park, real estate investor and entrepreneur [[George H. Hermann]], who owned most of the area and served on the city's parks board, bequeathed his estate to Houston for use as a public green space in 1914.<ref name=":0" /> By 1916, famed [[landscape architect]] [[George Kessler]] had completed a master plan for the park which was gradually implemented throughout the following decades.<ref name=":0" /> Ultimately, Hermann Park and Rice University are two clear expressions of the [[City Beautiful movement]] in Houston.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-culture/green-acres-2/|title=Green Acres|last=Swartz|first=Mimi|date=September 17, 2015|work=Texas Monthly|access-date=March 27, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>
This historic {{convert|445|acre|ha|adj=on}} park space is home to numerous [[culture|cultural]] institutions including the [[Houston Zoo]], Houston Garden Center, Miller Outdoor Theatre, [[Houston Museum of Natural Science]], and the Hermann Park Golf Course, which was the first [[desegregation|desegregated]] [[public]] [[golf course]] in the [[United States]].

The opening of the Houston Zoo in 1922<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Houston's Hermann Park: A Century of Community|last=Bradley|first=Barrie Scardino|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|year=2014|isbn=9781623490362|location=College Station}}</ref> and the requisition of a large southern portion of the park for the establishment of the Texas Medical Center in 1943<ref name=":2" /> fundamentally altered the scope and configuration of the space, though significant elements of the Kessler plan—such as the north-south axis extending from Montrose Boulevard—remain and have been expanded upon.<ref name=":0" /> Hermann Park experienced a period of neglect in the latter half of the 20th century due to a lack of funding and maintenance, spurring the formation of the nonprofit Hermann Park Conservancy in 1992. The Conservancy has since leveraged over $120 million of [[Public–private partnership|public and private funds]] to renovate and remake broad areas of the park.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hermannpark.org/press/|title=Press Kit|date=2017|website=Hermann Park Conservancy|access-date=March 27, 2018}}</ref> Today, Hermann Park welcomes over six million visitors annually;<ref name=":1" /> the Houston Zoo was the second most visited paid-admission zoo in the United States in 2016 (behind [[San Diego Zoo]]), with over 2.5 million visitors.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.houstonzoo.org/blog/record-zoo-attendance-ninth-consecutive-year/|title=Record Zoo Attendance for Ninth Consecutive Year|last=Draper|first=Ryan|date=January 17, 2017|work=Houstonia|access-date=November 18, 2018}}</ref>

Hermann Park is served by the [[Hermann Park / Rice University (METRORail station)|Hermann Park / Rice University]] station on the [[METRORail Red Line]], which runs along Fannin Street at the western edge of the park.

The Third Ward Redevelopment Council defines Hermann Park as being part of the [[Third Ward, Houston|Third Ward]]. T. R. Witcher of the ''[[Houston Press]]'' wrote in 1995 that the park and nearby areas are "not the first places that come to mind when you say "Third Ward,"[...]".<ref>{{cite web|author=Witcher, T.R.|url=http://www.houstonpress.com/1995-07-20/news/third-ward-rising/|title=Third Ward Rising|work=[[Houston Press]]|date=1995-07-20|access-date=2020-03-18|quote=To the southwest, across Highway 288, lie [...] the towers of the Texas Medical Center, Houston's largest employment center -- not the first places that come to mind when you say "Third Ward," but which the redevelopment council includes as part of the community.|archive-date=2015-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217005758/http://www.houstonpress.com/1995-07-20/news/third-ward-rising/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
*1899 – Mayor [[Sam Brashear]] selected and purchased a site that would later on become the city’s first park in June 1899. The size of the land was {{convert|20.43|acre|ha}} for $26,000. Prior to the purchase of the park, he formed the first park committee who oversaw the purchase and would later become Sam Houston Park.
*1899 – Mayor Sam Brashear selected and purchased a site that would later on become the city’s first park in June 1899. The size of the land was {{convert|20.43|acre|ha}} for $26,000. Prior to the purchase of the park, he formed the first park committee who oversaw the purchase and would later become Sam Houston Park.
*1907 – The Houston Civic Club placed The Browner Statue donated to the City of Houston in Sam Houston Park. Over the years it has been stolen and recovered several times before finally residing in front of Miller Outdoor Theatre.
*1907 – The Houston Civic Club placed the Brownie statue donated to the City of Houston in Sam Houston Park. Brownie was created by artist Louis Amateis in 1905, and was first used as a children's water fountain. Over the years it has been stolen and recovered several times before finally residing in front of Miller Outdoor Theatre.
*1914 – [[George E. Kessler]] designed the entrance of Hermann Park.
*1914 – [[George E. Kessler]] designed the entrance of Hermann Park.
*1924 – Hermann Park grew to {{convert|133.5|acre}} with the addition of the Golf Course in 1922, which completed construction in 1924. Its main feature that it had grass greens as opposed to the more commonly used sand in other cities and was well received by golfers.
*1924 – Hermann Park grew to {{convert|133.5|acre}} with the addition of the [[Hermann Park Golf Course|Golf Course]] in 1922, which completed construction in 1924. Its main feature that it had grass greens as opposed to the more commonly used sand in other cities and was well received by golfers.
*1936 – for the City’s 100th anniversary, the Daughters of Republic of Texas had a log cabin constructed in Hermann Park as a memorial to pioneer men and women.
*1936 – for the City’s 100th anniversary, the Daughters of Republic of Texas had a log cabin constructed in Hermann Park as a memorial to pioneer men and women.
*1957 – Southern Pacific steam engine #982 was dedicated at Hermann Park and the Mini-train service was established. The locomotive would later be relocated to Minute Maid Park.<ref>[http://www.houstontx.gov/parks/HistoryDept.html History of Department p1<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.khou.com/topstories/stories/khou050825_mh_hermanntrain.b00643e4.html KHOU.com article and photos.]</ref>
*1957 – Southern Pacific steam engine #982 was dedicated at Hermann Park and the Mini-train service was established. The engine was saved after a newspaper letter from Peter Whitney got 75 replies and Southern Pacific donated the engine to the [[United States Junior Chamber|Junior Chamber of Commerce]] and the city. It took 5 days to move it from [[Washington Terrace, Houston|Blodgett]] to the Park, as rails were laid in the streets in front of it.<ref>Railway Magazine November 1958 p. 804</ref> The locomotive was relocated by 50 wheel trailer to [[Minute Maid Park]]<ref>[http://www.houstontx.gov/parks/HistoryDept.html History of Department p1] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070624211429/http://www.houstontx.gov/parks/HistoryDept.html |date=June 24, 2007 }}</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20090303144956/http://www.khou.com/topstories/stories/khou050825_mh_hermanntrain.b00643e4.html Hermann Park train moves to new home]" (). ''[[KHOU-TV]]''. Friday August 26, 2005. Retrieved on December 23, 2015.</ref> in 2005.<ref>[http://www.houstonjaycees.com/southernpacific982/ JCI Houston - Southern Pacific 982]</ref>


== The Hermann Park Conservancy ==
== The Hermann Park Conservancy ==
Line 34: Line 43:


By the late 1980s however, due to insufficient public resources and very high public attendance, the park became rundown and entered a state of disrepair. In response, a group of committed and visionary Houstonians formed the nonprofit organization known as the Friends of Hermann Park (FHP) to encourage the development of more attractive, usable green space in Hermann Park and to promote the restoration of the Park to its originally intended standards of beauty.
By the late 1980s however, due to insufficient public resources and very high public attendance, the park became rundown and entered a state of disrepair. In response, a group of committed and visionary Houstonians formed the nonprofit organization known as the Friends of Hermann Park (FHP) to encourage the development of more attractive, usable green space in Hermann Park and to promote the restoration of the Park to its originally intended standards of beauty.

===Creating the Conservancy, Transforming the Park===
===Creating the Conservancy, Transforming the Park===
In 1993, FHP commissioned a master plan for Hermann Park from Hanna/[[Olin Partnership]] of Philadelphia. This Master Plan, created in consultation with the City of Houston and various stakeholders, was adopted in 1997 by Houston City Council. In 1995, Friends of Hermann Park adopted a master plan for Hermann Park that has provided a “blueprint” for all subsequent renovations and enhancements to the Park. In 2004, Friends of Hermann Park changed its name to the Hermann Park Conservancy (HPC) to reflect an institutional and permanent commitment to stewardship of Hermann Park’s natural resources and physical infrastructure.
In 1993, FHP commissioned a master plan for Hermann Park from Hanna/[[Olin Partnership]] of Philadelphia. This Master Plan, created in consultation with the City of Houston and various stakeholders, was adopted in 1997 by Houston City Council. In 1995, Friends of Hermann Park adopted a master plan for Hermann Park that has provided a “blueprint” for all subsequent renovations and enhancements to the Park. In 2004, Friends of Hermann Park changed its name to the Hermann Park Conservancy (HPC) to reflect an institutional and permanent commitment to stewardship of Hermann Park’s natural resources and physical infrastructure.


In an international competition, the Rice Design Alliance invited designers to set the tone and revitalize the main entry and reflecting pool that formed a key axis for Hermann Park, “The Heart of the Park”, and to create a contemporary update to the park's earliest plans by George Kessler and a subsequent, more formal Hare & Hare plan in 1936.
In an international competition, the Rice Design Alliance invited designers to set the tone and revitalize the main entry and [[reflecting pool]] that formed a key axis for Hermann Park, “The Heart of the Park”, and to create a contemporary update to the park's earliest plans by George Kessler and a subsequent, more formal Hare & Hare plan in 1936.
SWA Group, an international landscape and urban design firm working in conjunction with W.O. Neuhaus Architects and other consultants, was selected over 100 respondents. The most striking of the changes to the {{convert|18|acre|adj=on}} project area was a narrower, more inviting {{convert|80|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}} by {{convert|740|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} reflection pool. It establishes the formal central axis for the space and its slight narrower design afforded elegant pedestrian promenades as well as a double-row of mature Live Oak trees – one row that had been planted in the 1920s to honor veterans of WW I, and a second row that was added as part of the project.
SWA Group, an international landscape and urban design firm working in conjunction with W.O. Neuhaus Architects and other consultants, was selected over 100 respondents. The most striking of the changes to the {{convert|18|acre|adj=on}} project area was a narrower, more inviting {{convert|80|ft|m|adj=mid|-wide}} by {{convert|740|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} reflection pool. It establishes the formal central axis for the space and its slight narrower design afforded elegant pedestrian promenades as well as a double-row of mature Live Oak trees – one row that had been planted in the 1920s to honor veterans of WW I, and a second row that was added as part of the project.
Noted in a winning entry for the 2005 National Award of Excellence from the American Society of Landscape Architects, the “Heart of the Park” reflecting pool utilized a biofiltration system of gravel beds and perforated pipes to trap organics so that they naturally decompose. Porous paving systems and decomposed granite also limit potential damage from increased water run-off from the site.
Noted in a winning entry for the 2005 National Award of Excellence from the American Society of Landscape Architects, the “Heart of the Park” reflecting pool utilized a biofiltration system of gravel beds and perforated pipes to trap organics so that they naturally decompose. Porous paving systems and decomposed granite also limit potential damage from increased water run-off from the site.


===Ongoing projects===
===Ongoing projects===
{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2015}}
[[Image:Hermannpark2.JPG|Sam Houston Statue with Warwick Towers in the background|thumb]]
[[Image:Hermannpark2.JPG|[[Sam Houston Monument]] with Warwick Towers in the background|thumb]]
[[File:HermannParkGolfCourse.JPG|thumb|Hermann Park Golf Course]]
[[File:HermannParkGolfCourse.JPG|thumb|[[Hermann Park Golf Course]]]]

The Hermann Park Conservancy continues working in partnership with the City of Houston to secure funds and manage the design of projects to be undertaken in the Park:
The Hermann Park Conservancy continues working in partnership with the City of Houston to secure funds and manage the design of projects to be undertaken in the Park:
* Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool
* [[Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool]]
* Molly Ann Smith and Sara H. and John H. Lindsey Plazas
* Molly Ann Smith and Sara H. and John H. Lindsey Plazas
* Enlargement, renovation and beautification of McGovern Lake (including three new islands as well as bird and wetland habitat area.)
* Enlargement, renovation and beautification of [[McGovern Lake]] (including three new islands as well as bird and wetland habitat area.)
* The West Entrance facility and plaza for the Houston Zoo.
* The West Entrance facility and plaza for the Houston Zoo.
* Beautification and re-alignment of North MacGregor Street to improve access and circulation in and around the Park and the Texas Medical Center.
* Beautification and re-alignment of North MacGregor Street to improve access and circulation in and around the Park and the Texas Medical Center.
Line 60: Line 72:
The Conservancy also developed a Maintenance and Operations Master Plan Study for Hermann Park - the first such comprehensive study ever for this flagship park of Houston. The study identified many concerns for preserving and protecting Hermann Park, including a gap of 20,000 maintenance hours for the Park. In response, the Conservancy hired a Manager of Volunteer Programs. In 2004 over 1,200 volunteers provided over 14,000 hours of volunteer service in the park.
The Conservancy also developed a Maintenance and Operations Master Plan Study for Hermann Park - the first such comprehensive study ever for this flagship park of Houston. The study identified many concerns for preserving and protecting Hermann Park, including a gap of 20,000 maintenance hours for the Park. In response, the Conservancy hired a Manager of Volunteer Programs. In 2004 over 1,200 volunteers provided over 14,000 hours of volunteer service in the park.


== Hermann Park Attractions ==
== Attractions ==
[[Image:Mecom fountain at night.jpg|Mecom fountain at night|thumb]]
[[Image:Mecom fountain at night.jpg|[[Mecom Fountain]] at night|thumb]]
[[File:HoustonGardenCenterHosutonTX.JPG|thumb|Houston Garden Center]]
[[File:HoustonGardenCenterHosutonTX.JPG|thumb|Houston Garden Center]]
[[File:HermannParkJapaneseGardenHoustonTX.JPG|thumb|Hermann Park Japanese Garden]]
[[File:HermannParkJapaneseGardenHoustonTX.JPG|thumb|[[Japanese Garden (Houston)|Japanese Garden]]]]
[[File:MarvinTaylorTrailHoustonTX.JPG|thumb|Marvin Taylor Trail]]
[[File:MarvinTaylorTrailHoustonTX.JPG|thumb|Marvin Taylor Trail]]

*[[Houston Zoo]]
*Arbor in the Pines
*Hermann Park Jogging Trail
*McGovern Lake
*[[Miller Outdoor Theatre]]
*[http://www.hermannpark.org/railroad.php Hermann Park Railroad]
*[http://www.hermannpark.org/railroad.php Hermann Park Pedal Boats]
*Bayou Parkland
*Bayou Parkland
*Bloch Plaza Cancer Survivor's Plaza
*Brays Bayou
*Brays Bayou
*Buddy Carruth Playground for All Children
*[http://www.hermannparkgc.com/golf/proto/hermannparkgc/ Hermann Park Golf Course]
*Chinese Pagoda
*Stand at the dock of McGovern Lake plaza and get sprayed by the geyser
*[[Hermann Park Golf Course]]<ref>[http://www.hermannparkgc.com/golf/proto/hermannparkgc/ Golf Houston, Texas - Hermann Park Golf Course - Downtown Houston Golf Course & Banquet Facility]. Hermannparkgc.com. Retrieved on 2013-09-06.</ref>
*Cockrell Butterfly Center at the Houston Museum of Natural Science
*Hermann Park Jogging Trail
*Buddy Carruth Playground for All Children
*Hermann Park Pedal Boats<ref name="TrainPedalBoats"/>
*Japanese Garden
*[[Hermann Park Railroad]] ({{Track gauge|2ft|lk=on}} [[Narrow-gauge railway|narrow gauge]] train ride)<ref name="TrainPedalBoats">[https://www.hermannpark.org/visit/train-pedal-boats/#visittrain-pedal-boatspark-railroad Hermann Park Conservancy]. Hermannpark.org. Retrieved on 2018-02-20.</ref>
*[[Sam Houston#Monuments and museums|Sam Houston monument]]
*[http://www.houstontx.gov/parks/ourparks/gardencenter.html Houston Garden Center]
*Houston Garden Center<ref>[http://www.houstontx.gov/parks/ourparks/gardencenter.html Houston Garden Center]. Houstontx.gov (2013-08-01). Retrieved on 2013-09-06.</ref>
*Fragrance Garden
**Fragrance Garden
*[[Houston Museum of Natural Science]]
**Cockrell Butterfly Center
*[[Houston Zoo]]
*[[Japanese Garden (Houston)|Japanese Garden]]
*Judson Robinson Jr. Community Center
*Lake Overlook
*Lake Overlook
*Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool
*[[Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool]]
*Marvin Taylor Exercise Station
*Marvin Taylor Exercise Station
*[[McGovern Centennial Gardens]]
*Urban Forest in Bayou Parkland (the paths are wheelchair accessible)
*[[McGovern Lake]]
*Mecom-Rockwell Fountain and Colonnade
**Bob's Fishing Pier
*Pioneer Memorial Log House Museum
*[[Mecom Fountain]]
*Bloch Plaza Cancer Survivor's Plaza
*[[Miller Outdoor Theatre]]
*Four interactive fountains at the Molly Ann Smith Plaza
*Molly Ann Smith Plaza, features four interactive fountains
*Fishing at Bob's Fishing Pier on McGovern Lake (Fishing is restricted to those under 12 years old or over 65 years old)
*''[[Pioneer Memorial (Houston)|Pioneer Memorial]]''
*Judson Robinson, Jr. community center
*[[Pioneer Memorial Log House Museum]]
*Chinese Pagoda
*''[[Sam Houston Monument]]''
*Arbor in the Pines
*Urban Forest in Bayou Parkland
*Pioneer Monument Obelisk


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

*[http://www.hermannpark.org/pdfs/Scardino_history.pdf Hermann Park: A Brief History by Barrie Scardino]
==Further reading==
*[http://www.hermannpark.org/pdfs/Fox_history.pdf Big Park, Little Plans: A History of Hermann Park by Stephen Fox]
*"[https://web.archive.org/web/19990914144129/http://www1.chron.com/content/chronicle/special/oldhouston/hermann.html Hermann Park]." In ''Houston: Present and Past in Contrast'', ''[[Houston Chronicle]]''.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130523063217/http://www.hermannpark.org/pdfs/Scardino_history.pdf Hermann Park: A Brief History by Barrie Scardino] ([https://www.webcitation.org/6dyDCXWt0?url=http://web.archive.org/web/20130523063217/http://www.hermannpark.org/pdfs/Scardino_history.pdf Archive]) - Friends of Hermann Park Action Plan 2000
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130523073255/http://www.hermannpark.org/pdfs/Fox_history.pdf Big Park, Little Plans: A History of Hermann Park by Stephen Fox] ([https://www.webcitation.org/6dyDX703O?url=http://web.archive.org/web/20130523073255/http://www.hermannpark.org/pdfs/Fox_history.pdf Archive])


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.hermannpark.org/ Hermann Park Conservancy]
{{Commons category|Hermann Park, Houston}}
{{Portal|Texas}}
*{{Official website|https://www.hermannpark.org/}}
*[http://www.milleroutdoortheatre.com/ Miller Outdoor Theatre]
*[http://www.milleroutdoortheatre.com/ Miller Outdoor Theatre]
* ASLA Awards http://www.asla.org/awards/2005/05winners/entry_556.html
*[http://www.asla.org/awards/2005/05winners/entry_556.html ASLA Awards]

==See also==
{{Portal|Houston}}
{{Commons category|Hermann Park, Houston|Hermann Park}}
*[[George E. Kessler]]


{{Hermann Park}}
{{Houston, Texas}}
{{Houston, Texas}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Parks in Houston, Texas]]
[[Category:Hermann Park| ]]
[[Category:1914 establishments in Texas]]
[[Category:Parks in Houston]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1914]]
[[Category:Urban public parks]]
[[Category:Urban public parks]]
[[Category:1914 establishments in the United States]]

[[fa:پارک هرمان]]
[[fr:Hermann Park]]

Revision as of 17:52, 31 October 2023

Hermann Park
Sam Houston Monument at the northern end of Hermann Park
Map
TypeUrban park
LocationMuseum District, Houston, Texas, United States
Coordinates29°43′16″N 95°23′28″W / 29.721°N 95.391°W / 29.721; -95.391
Area445 acres (180 ha)
Created1914
DesignerGeorge Kessler
Operated byHermann Park Conservancy
City of Houston
Visitors6 million[1]
Open6 am – 11 pm daily
Public transit accessMETRORail Red Line: Hermann Park / Rice University
Websitewww.hermannpark.org
Hermann Park is located in Houston Hermann Park
class=notpageimage|
Map of Hermann Park
A view of the Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool and monument to Sam Houston.
The Pioneer Memorial obelisk stands at the end of the Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool. It was erected by the San Jacinto Centennial Association and dedicated on August 30, 1936.
Japanese garden pond in Hermann Park

Hermann Park is a 445-acre (180-hectare) urban park in Houston, Texas, situated at the southern end of the Museum District. The park is located immediately north of the Texas Medical Center and Brays Bayou, east of Rice University, and slightly west of the Third Ward. Hermann Park is home to numerous cultural institutions including the Houston Zoo, Miller Outdoor Theatre, the Houston Museum of Natural Science, and the Hermann Park Golf Course, which became one of the first desegregated public golf courses in the United States in 1954. The park also features the Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool, numerous gardens, picnic areas, and McGovern Lake, an 8-acre (32,000 m2) recreational lake.[2]

One of Houston's oldest public parks, Hermann Park was created on acreage donated to the City of Houston by cattleman, oilman and philanthropist George H. Hermann (1843–1914). The land was formerly the site of his sawmill.[3] It was first envisioned as part of a comprehensive urban planning effort by the city of Houston in the early 1910s.[4] Following the recommendation of a 1913 report which identified the then-rural area between Main Street and Brays Bayou as ideal for a large urban park, real estate investor and entrepreneur George H. Hermann, who owned most of the area and served on the city's parks board, bequeathed his estate to Houston for use as a public green space in 1914.[4] By 1916, famed landscape architect George Kessler had completed a master plan for the park which was gradually implemented throughout the following decades.[4] Ultimately, Hermann Park and Rice University are two clear expressions of the City Beautiful movement in Houston.[5]

The opening of the Houston Zoo in 1922[6] and the requisition of a large southern portion of the park for the establishment of the Texas Medical Center in 1943[6] fundamentally altered the scope and configuration of the space, though significant elements of the Kessler plan—such as the north-south axis extending from Montrose Boulevard—remain and have been expanded upon.[4] Hermann Park experienced a period of neglect in the latter half of the 20th century due to a lack of funding and maintenance, spurring the formation of the nonprofit Hermann Park Conservancy in 1992. The Conservancy has since leveraged over $120 million of public and private funds to renovate and remake broad areas of the park.[1] Today, Hermann Park welcomes over six million visitors annually;[1] the Houston Zoo was the second most visited paid-admission zoo in the United States in 2016 (behind San Diego Zoo), with over 2.5 million visitors.[7]

Hermann Park is served by the Hermann Park / Rice University station on the METRORail Red Line, which runs along Fannin Street at the western edge of the park.

The Third Ward Redevelopment Council defines Hermann Park as being part of the Third Ward. T. R. Witcher of the Houston Press wrote in 1995 that the park and nearby areas are "not the first places that come to mind when you say "Third Ward,"[...]".[8]

History

  • 1899 – Mayor Sam Brashear selected and purchased a site that would later on become the city’s first park in June 1899. The size of the land was 20.43 acres (8.27 ha) for $26,000. Prior to the purchase of the park, he formed the first park committee who oversaw the purchase and would later become Sam Houston Park.
  • 1907 – The Houston Civic Club placed the Brownie statue donated to the City of Houston in Sam Houston Park. Brownie was created by artist Louis Amateis in 1905, and was first used as a children's water fountain. Over the years it has been stolen and recovered several times before finally residing in front of Miller Outdoor Theatre.
  • 1914 – George E. Kessler designed the entrance of Hermann Park.
  • 1924 – Hermann Park grew to 133.5 acres (54.0 ha) with the addition of the Golf Course in 1922, which completed construction in 1924. Its main feature that it had grass greens as opposed to the more commonly used sand in other cities and was well received by golfers.
  • 1936 – for the City’s 100th anniversary, the Daughters of Republic of Texas had a log cabin constructed in Hermann Park as a memorial to pioneer men and women.
  • 1957 – Southern Pacific steam engine #982 was dedicated at Hermann Park and the Mini-train service was established. The engine was saved after a newspaper letter from Peter Whitney got 75 replies and Southern Pacific donated the engine to the Junior Chamber of Commerce and the city. It took 5 days to move it from Blodgett to the Park, as rails were laid in the streets in front of it.[9] The locomotive was relocated by 50 wheel trailer to Minute Maid Park[10][11] in 2005.[12]

The Hermann Park Conservancy

Hermann Park was presented to the City of Houston by George Hermann in 1914, and is now Houston's most historically significant public green space. Over the years, the Houston Zoo, Miller Outdoor Theatre, the Houston Museum of Natural Science, and one of the first desegregated public golf courses in the United States all have added to the Park's importance as a recreational destination.

By the late 1980s however, due to insufficient public resources and very high public attendance, the park became rundown and entered a state of disrepair. In response, a group of committed and visionary Houstonians formed the nonprofit organization known as the Friends of Hermann Park (FHP) to encourage the development of more attractive, usable green space in Hermann Park and to promote the restoration of the Park to its originally intended standards of beauty.

Creating the Conservancy, Transforming the Park

In 1993, FHP commissioned a master plan for Hermann Park from Hanna/Olin Partnership of Philadelphia. This Master Plan, created in consultation with the City of Houston and various stakeholders, was adopted in 1997 by Houston City Council. In 1995, Friends of Hermann Park adopted a master plan for Hermann Park that has provided a “blueprint” for all subsequent renovations and enhancements to the Park. In 2004, Friends of Hermann Park changed its name to the Hermann Park Conservancy (HPC) to reflect an institutional and permanent commitment to stewardship of Hermann Park’s natural resources and physical infrastructure.

In an international competition, the Rice Design Alliance invited designers to set the tone and revitalize the main entry and reflecting pool that formed a key axis for Hermann Park, “The Heart of the Park”, and to create a contemporary update to the park's earliest plans by George Kessler and a subsequent, more formal Hare & Hare plan in 1936. SWA Group, an international landscape and urban design firm working in conjunction with W.O. Neuhaus Architects and other consultants, was selected over 100 respondents. The most striking of the changes to the 18-acre (7.3 ha) project area was a narrower, more inviting 80-foot-wide (24 m) by 740-foot-long (230 m) reflection pool. It establishes the formal central axis for the space and its slight narrower design afforded elegant pedestrian promenades as well as a double-row of mature Live Oak trees – one row that had been planted in the 1920s to honor veterans of WW I, and a second row that was added as part of the project. Noted in a winning entry for the 2005 National Award of Excellence from the American Society of Landscape Architects, the “Heart of the Park” reflecting pool utilized a biofiltration system of gravel beds and perforated pipes to trap organics so that they naturally decompose. Porous paving systems and decomposed granite also limit potential damage from increased water run-off from the site.

Ongoing projects

Sam Houston Monument with Warwick Towers in the background
Hermann Park Golf Course

The Hermann Park Conservancy continues working in partnership with the City of Houston to secure funds and manage the design of projects to be undertaken in the Park:

  • Mary Gibbs and Jesse H. Jones Reflection Pool
  • Molly Ann Smith and Sara H. and John H. Lindsey Plazas
  • Enlargement, renovation and beautification of McGovern Lake (including three new islands as well as bird and wetland habitat area.)
  • The West Entrance facility and plaza for the Houston Zoo.
  • Beautification and re-alignment of North MacGregor Street to improve access and circulation in and around the Park and the Texas Medical Center.
  • Acquisition of additional land and capital improvements to Bayou Parkland, an 80-acre (32 ha) area in Hermann Park along Brays Bayou being "reclaimed" for healthier activities and used extensively for stewardship programs.
  • Creation and implementation of extensive stewardship programs, including Field Studies 101, Natural Guard, and Scouting Around Hermann Park.
  • Completion of the expansion and renovation of Miller Outdoor Theatre.
  • Coordination of the comprehensive renovation of the Hermann Park Golf Course (completed by BSL Golf Corporation).
  • Coordination of the Hermann Park Miniature Train track expansion.
  • Planting of over 2,400 new trees.
  • The park-wide installation of new park furnishings such as light fixtures, benches and trash cans.

The Conservancy also developed a Maintenance and Operations Master Plan Study for Hermann Park - the first such comprehensive study ever for this flagship park of Houston. The study identified many concerns for preserving and protecting Hermann Park, including a gap of 20,000 maintenance hours for the Park. In response, the Conservancy hired a Manager of Volunteer Programs. In 2004 over 1,200 volunteers provided over 14,000 hours of volunteer service in the park.

Attractions

Mecom Fountain at night
Houston Garden Center
Japanese Garden
Marvin Taylor Trail

References

  1. ^ a b c "Press Kit". Hermann Park Conservancy. 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  2. ^ "McGovern Lake". Hermann Park Conservancy. 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  3. ^ Muir, Andrew F. "Hermann, George Henry". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d Fox, Stephen (Spring 1983). "Big Park, Little Plans: A History of Hermann Park" (PDF). Cite Magazine. 3: 18–21.
  5. ^ Swartz, Mimi (September 17, 2015). "Green Acres". Texas Monthly. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
  6. ^ a b Bradley, Barrie Scardino (2014). Houston's Hermann Park: A Century of Community. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 9781623490362.
  7. ^ Draper, Ryan (January 17, 2017). "Record Zoo Attendance for Ninth Consecutive Year". Houstonia. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  8. ^ Witcher, T.R. (1995-07-20). "Third Ward Rising". Houston Press. Archived from the original on 2015-02-17. Retrieved 2020-03-18. To the southwest, across Highway 288, lie [...] the towers of the Texas Medical Center, Houston's largest employment center -- not the first places that come to mind when you say "Third Ward," but which the redevelopment council includes as part of the community.
  9. ^ Railway Magazine November 1958 p. 804
  10. ^ History of Department p1 Archived June 24, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ "Hermann Park train moves to new home" (). KHOU-TV. Friday August 26, 2005. Retrieved on December 23, 2015.
  12. ^ JCI Houston - Southern Pacific 982
  13. ^ Golf Houston, Texas - Hermann Park Golf Course - Downtown Houston Golf Course & Banquet Facility. Hermannparkgc.com. Retrieved on 2013-09-06.
  14. ^ a b Hermann Park Conservancy. Hermannpark.org. Retrieved on 2018-02-20.
  15. ^ Houston Garden Center. Houstontx.gov (2013-08-01). Retrieved on 2013-09-06.

Further reading

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