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'''Far Rockaway''' is a neighborhood on the [[Rockaway, Queens|Rockaway]] Peninsula in the [[New York City]] [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Queens]] in the [[United States]]. It is the easternmost section of the Rockaways. The neighborhood starts at the Nassau County line and extends west to Beach 32nd Street. The neighborhood is part of [[Queens Community Board 14]].<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/cau/html/cb/cb_queens.shtml Queens Community Boards], [[New York City]]. Accessed September 3, 2007.</ref>
'''Far Rockaway''' is a neighborhood on the [[Rockaway, Queens|Rockaway]] Peninsula in the [[New York City]] [[borough (New York City)|borough]] of [[Queens]] in the [[United States]]. It is the easternmost section of the Rockaways. The neighborhood extends from Beach 32nd Street east to the Nassau County line. The neighborhood is part of [[Queens Community Board 14]].<ref>[http://www.nyc.gov/html/cau/html/cb/cb_queens.shtml Queens Community Boards], [[New York City]]. Accessed September 3, 2007.</ref>


==History==
==History==
[[Image:Grand View Ave, Far Rockaway, New York.png|thumb|left|Grand View Avenue in the 1910s]]
[[Image:Grand View Ave, Far Rockaway, New York.png|thumb|left|Grand View Avenue in the 1910s]]
{{See also|Rockaway, Queens#History|l1=History of Rockaway, Queens}}
{{See also|Rockaway, Queens#History|l1=History of Rockaway, Queens}}
The name "Rockaway" may have meant "place of sands" in the [[Munsee language]] of the Native American [[Lenape]]. Other spellings include Requarkie, Rechouwakie, Rechaweygh, Rechquaakie and Reckowacky.<ref group=note name="toponym">See [[Metoac#Exonyms]] and [[Toponymy of New Netherland]].</ref>
The name "Rockaway" may have meant "place of sands" in the [[Munsee language]] of the Native American [[Lenape]] who occupied this area at the time of European encounter during colonization. Other spellings include Requarkie, Rechouwakie, Rechaweygh, Rechquaakie and Reckowacky, transliterated in Dutch and English by early colonists.<ref group=note name="toponym">See [[Metoac#Exonyms]] and [[Toponymy of New Netherland]].</ref>


In September 1609, [[Henry Hudson]] and his crew were the first Europeans to see [[the Rockaways]] and [[Jamaica Bay]].<ref name="rockawave">
In September 1609, [[Henry Hudson]] and his crew were the first Europeans recorded as seeing the area of [[the Rockaways]] and [[Jamaica Bay]].<ref name="rockawave">
* [http://www.rockawave.com/common/History/History.html "Rockaway... 'place of waters bright'"], rockawave.com. Accessed March 16, 2015.
* [http://www.rockawave.com/common/History/History.html "Rockaway... 'place of waters bright'"], rockawave.com. Accessed March 16, 2015.
* [http://www.rockawaymemories.com/Georges%20FarRockaway%20History.htm "The Dean Georges Collection: Far Rockaway, Edgemer, Arverne"]. Rockaway Memories. Accessed March 16, 2015.</ref> Hudson was attempting to go to the [[Northwest Passage]]. On September 11, Hudson sailed into the [[Upper New York Bay]],<ref>[http://blog.insidetheapple.net/2008/09/new-yorks-many-911-anniversaries-staten.html Nevius, Michelle and James, "New York's many 9/11 anniversaries: the Staten Island Peace Conference"], ''Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City'', September 8, 2008. Accessed May 31, 2009.</ref> and the following day began a journey up the modern-day [[Hudson River]].
* [http://www.rockawaymemories.com/Georges%20FarRockaway%20History.htm "The Dean Georges Collection: Far Rockaway, Edgemer, Arverne"]. Rockaway Memories. Accessed March 16, 2015.</ref> Hudson was attempting to find the [[Northwest Passage]]. On September 11, Hudson sailed into the [[Upper New York Bay]],<ref>[http://blog.insidetheapple.net/2008/09/new-yorks-many-911-anniversaries-staten.html Nevius, Michelle and James, "New York's many 9/11 anniversaries: the Staten Island Peace Conference"], ''Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City'', September 8, 2008. Accessed May 31, 2009.</ref> and the following day began a journey up what is now called the [[Hudson River]] in his honor.


Rockaway was, back then, inhabited by [[Canarsie Indians]]. The name Reckowacky, which is also spelled Requarkie, Rechouwakie, Rechaweygh, or Rechquaakie,<ref group=note name="toponym"/> was to distinguish the Rockaway village from other [[Mohawk Nation]] villages; "Reckowacky" means "lonely place", or "place of waters bright".<ref>Rockaway, The Playground of New York, Annual yearbook of the Rockaways, June 1934</ref> By 1639, the [[Mohegan people|Mohegan]] tribe sold most of the Rockaways to the [[Dutch West India Company]]. In 1664, the English got the land from the Dutch.<ref group=note>See [[New Amsterdam]]</ref><ref>Henry L. Schoolcraft, "The Capture of New Amsterdam," ''English Historical Review'' (1907) 22#88 674–693 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/550138 in JSTOR]</ref> In 1685, the tribal chieftain, Chief Tackapoucha, and the English governor agreed to sell the Rockaways to one Captain Palmer for 31 pounds sterling.<ref name="rockawave"/>
Rockaway was, back then, inhabited by [[Canarsie Indians]], a band of [[Mohegan people|Mohegan]], whose name was associated with the geography. The name Reckowacky, which is also spelled Requarkie, Rechouwakie, Rechaweygh, or Rechquaakie,<ref group=note name="toponym"/> was to distinguish the Rockaway village from other [[Mohegan people|Mohegan]] villages; "Reckowacky" means "lonely place", or "place of waters bright". (This area was mistakenly documented as occupied by a band of [[Mohawk people]] in a 1934 source, but this [[Iroquoian language|Iroquoian-speaking]] tribe primarily occupied the Mohawk River valley in central New York, north and west of the Hudson River and Long Island.)<ref>"Rockaway, The Playground of New York", ''Annual yearbook of the Rockaways'', June 1934</ref> By 1639, the [[Mohegan people|Mohegan]] tribe sold most of the Rockaways to the [[Dutch West India Company]].


In 1664, the English defeated the Dutch colony and took over their lands in present-day New York.<ref group=note>See [[New Amsterdam]]</ref><ref>Henry L. Schoolcraft, "The Capture of New Amsterdam", ''English Historical Review'' (1907). Vol. 22 #88, pp 674–693 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/550138 in JSTOR]</ref> In 1685, the band chief, ''Tackapoucha'', and the English governor of the province agreed to sell the Rockaways to a Captain Palmer for 31 pounds sterling.<ref name="rockawave"/>
⚫
The Rockaway Peninsula was originally part of the [[Hempstead (town), New York|Town of Hempstead]], then a part of [[Queens]] County. Palmer and the town of Hempstead disputed over who owned Rockaway, so the land was sold to Richard Cornell, an iron master from [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing]] in 1687. Cornell and his family lived on a [[homestead (buildings)|homestead]] on Central Avenue, near the [[Atlantic Ocean]] shore; upon his death, Cornell was buried in a small family cemetery, [[Cornell Cemetery]], which is the only designated [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|New York City landmark]] in the Rockaways.<ref name="rockawave"/> The Rockaway Association wanted to build a hotel on the Rockaway peninsula. The association, consisting of many wealthy members, bought most of Cornell's old homestead property. The Marine Hotel, which was built on that site, became a place where the [[Vanderbilt family]], [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]], and [[Washington Irving]], eventually stayed. The Rockaway Association also built the [[Rockaway Turnpike]]. The Marine Hotel burned to the ground in 1864, but more hotels and private residences were built in the area.<ref name="rockawave"/>


⚫
The Rockaway Peninsula was originally designated as part of the [[Hempstead (town), New York|Town of Hempstead]], then a part of [[Queens]] County. Palmer and the Town of Hempstead disputed over who owned Rockaway, so in 1687 he sold the land to Richard Cornell, an iron master from [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing]]. Cornell and his family lived on a [[homestead (buildings)|homestead]] on what is now Central Avenue, near the shore of the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. At his death, Cornell was buried in a small family cemetery, [[Cornell Cemetery]]. Today it is the only designated [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|New York City landmark]] in the Rockaways.<ref name="rockawave"/>
⚫
Horse-drawn carriages and horses originally comprised a transport mode to the Rockaways. A [[ferry]] traveled from [[Lower Manhattan]] to [[Brooklyn]]. By the 1880s, the [[Long Island Rail Road]]'s [[Rockaway Beach Branch]] was built from [[Far Rockaway (LIRR station)|Far Rockaway]] station.<ref name="rockawave"/> The steam railroad went to [[Long Island City (LIRR station)|Long Island City]] and Flatbush Terminal (now [[Atlantic Terminal]]), which facilitated population growth on the Rockaway Peninsula when it opened in the 1880s.<ref name="Citycyclopedia">{{cite encnyc}}, p. 120.</ref> Benjamin Mott gave the LIRR {{convert|7|acre|ha}} of land for a railroad depot. Land values increased and businesses in the area grew, and by 1888, Far Rockaway was a relatively large village.<ref name="rockawave"/> It incorporated as a village on September 19 of that year.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nqslAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR9 ''Documents of the Senate of the State of New York, Volume 8''], p. 9. [[New Jersey Legislature]], 1913. Accessed July 26, 2016.</ref>


In the late 19th century, the Rockaway Association wanted to build a hotel on the Rockaway peninsula, as it was increasingly popular as a summer destination. The association, consisting of many wealthy members who had homes in the area, bought most of Cornell's old homestead property. They developed the Marine Hotel on that site, which attracted such guests as [[Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]], [[Washington Irving]], and the [[Vanderbilt family]]. The Rockaway Association also built the [[Rockaway Turnpike]]. The Marine Hotel burned to the ground in 1864, but more hotels and private residences were built in the area.<ref name="rockawave"/>
⚫
By 1898, the area was incorporated into the [[New York City|Greater City of New York]]. Far Rockaway, [[Hammels, Queens|Hammels]], and [[Arverne, Queens|Arverne]] tried to secede from the city several times. In 1915 and 1917, a bill approving the secession passed in the legislature but was vetoed by the mayor at the time, [[John Purroy Mitchel]].<ref>{{cite web|journal=Rootsweb.com|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~nynassa2/rockaways.htm|title= The Rockaways| accessdate= December 6, 2006}}</ref>


⚫
In the 19th century, people traveled to the Rockaways by horse-drawn carriages or on horseback. A [[ferry]] powered by steam sailed from [[Lower Manhattan]] to [[Brooklyn]]. By the 1880s, the [[Long Island Rail Road]]'s [[Rockaway Beach Branch]] was built to serve [[Far Rockaway (LIRR station)|Far Rockaway]] station.<ref name="rockawave"/> The steam railroad went to [[Long Island City (LIRR station)|Long Island City]] and Flatbush Terminal (now [[Atlantic Terminal]]). When it opened in the 1880s, this connection stimulated population growth on the Rockaway Peninsula.<ref name="Citycyclopedia">{{cite encnyc}}, p. 120.</ref> Benjamin Mott gave the LIRR {{convert|7|acre|ha}} of land for a railroad depot. Land values increased and businesses in the area grew, and by 1888, Far Rockaway was a relatively large village.<ref name="rockawave"/> It incorporated as a village on September 19 of that year.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nqslAQAAIAAJ&pg=PR9 ''Documents of the Senate of the State of New York, Volume 8''], p. 9. [[New Jersey Legislature]], 1913. Accessed July 26, 2016.</ref>
⚫
In addition to the Far Rockaway Beach Bungalow Historic District, the [[Russell Sage Memorial Church]], [[Trinity Chapel (Queens)|Trinity Chapel]], and [[United States Post Office (Far Rockaway, Queens)|United States Post Office]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

⚫
By 1898, the area was incorporated into the [[New York City|Greater City of New York]], which included Queens. Far Rockaway, [[Hammels, Queens|Hammels]], and [[Arverne, Queens|Arverne]], all of Queens, tried to secede from the city several times. In 1915 and 1917, a bill approving the secession passed in the legislature but was vetoed by the New York City mayor [[John Purroy Mitchel]].<ref>{{cite web|journal=Rootsweb.com|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~nynassa2/rockaways.htm|title= The Rockaways| accessdate= December 6, 2006}}</ref>

⚫
The Far Rockaway Beach Bungalow Historic District recognizes an area with a distinct character. This and individual properties, such as the [[Russell Sage Memorial Church]], [[Trinity Chapel (Queens)|Trinity Chapel]], and [[United States Post Office (Far Rockaway, Queens)|United States Post Office]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>


==Bungalows==
==Bungalows==
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{{main|Far Rockaway Beach Bungalow Historic District}}
{{main|Far Rockaway Beach Bungalow Historic District}}


With its nearby beach, Far Rockaway attracted tourists and vacationers from the other boroughs. Bungalows were the homes of choice for many residents who lived in Far Rockaway. The railroad abandoned the [[Rockaway Beach Branch]] in 1950 because of the shift of many people to driving private cars. In addition, this destination had to compete with the many others that people were visiting by car and air travel, which created access to even more distant destinations and heightened competition for travel dollars.
⚫
The nearby beach made Far Rockaway an attractive destination for tourists and vacationers from the other boroughs. Bungalows were the homes of choice for many residents of the community who lived in Far Rockaway. The popularity of the resort suffered after the railroad abandoned the [[Rockaway Beach Branch]] in 1950, and by the increase in automobile ownership, followed by air travel, which opened up distant destinations to large numbers . As the neighborhood's heyday as a resort community declined in the 1950s, substantial numbers of public housing developments were built. Much of the housing was converted into year-round housing for low-income residents, and some bungalows used as public housing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Beach Bungalow Historic District|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/feature/places/pdfs/13000499.pdf|work=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=November 22, 2013|year=2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wilson|first=Charles|title=The Subway-Accessible, Surf-Ready, Urban Beach Paradise|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/18/magazine/far-rockaway.html|accessdate=December 8, 2013|newspaper=New York Times Magazine|date=March 16, 2012}}</ref> The 1970s New York City budget crisis had a negative impact on social services.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/money/fiscal-crisis-1975-taught-new-york-hard-lessons-chopping-freezing-handy-article-1.388460 | location=New York | work=Daily News|title=Fiscal crisis in 1975 taught New York hard lessons of chopping, freezing that are handy now}}</ref> which negatively affected Far Rockaway.{{Citation needed|date=December 2013}}


⚫
As the neighborhood's heyday as a resort community declined in the 1950s, the city built substantial numbers of public housing developments to try to replace substandard housing after World War II. Bungalows and other residential housing were converted to year-round use for low-income residents. Some bungalows were used as public housing.<ref>{{cite web|title=Beach Bungalow Historic District|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/feature/places/pdfs/13000499.pdf|work=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=November 22, 2013|year=2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wilson|first=Charles|title=The Subway-Accessible, Surf-Ready, Urban Beach Paradise|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/18/magazine/far-rockaway.html|accessdate=December 8, 2013|newspaper=New York Times Magazine|date=March 16, 2012}}</ref> The 1970s New York City budget crisis resulted in a negative effect on the provision of social services, and problems of poverty, unemployment and drug use increased in this area.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/money/fiscal-crisis-1975-taught-new-york-hard-lessons-chopping-freezing-handy-article-1.388460 | location=New York | work=Daily News|title=Fiscal crisis in 1975 taught New York hard lessons of chopping, freezing that are handy now}}</ref>
⚫
The Beachside Bungalow Preservation Association was created in September 1984, to "improve the quality of the Far Rockaway community through preservation, education, and cultural programs." "<ref name=Autz2013>{{cite web|last=Autz|first=Lisa|title=Far Rock Man Stands Up for Bungalows|url=http://www.timesledger.com/stories/2013/30/richardgeorge_tl_2013_07_26_q.html|work=TimesLedger Newspapers|publisher=Community Newspaper Group|accessdate=December 6, 2013}}</ref>


⚫
In September 1984, residents founded the Beachside Bungalow Preservation Association to "improve the quality of the Far Rockaway community through preservation, education, and cultural programs." "<ref name=Autz2013>{{cite web|last=Autz|first=Lisa|title=Far Rock Man Stands Up for Bungalows|url=http://www.timesledger.com/stories/2013/30/richardgeorge_tl_2013_07_26_q.html|work=TimesLedger Newspapers|publisher=Community Newspaper Group|accessdate=December 6, 2013}}</ref> The organization donated a collection of materials highlighting its history, correspondence, and activities to the Queens Library Archives in 2008.
A collection of materials highlighingt the history, correspondence, and activities of the organization was donated to the Queens Library Archives in 2008.


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
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Far Rockaway is served by the following transportation services:
Far Rockaway is served by the following transportation services:
* The [[New York City Subway]]'s [[IND Rockaway Line]] ({{NYCS trains|Far Rockaway}}), which has a [[terminal station|terminal]] at [[Far Rockaway – Mott Avenue (IND Rockaway Line)|Mott Avenue]].<ref name=MTA-Rock-2015>{{cite web|title=MTA Neighborhood Maps: Rockaways|url=http://web.mta.info/maps/neighborhoods/qns/Q12_Rockaways_2015.pdf|website=mta.info|publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]|accessdate=November 25, 2015|date=2015}}</ref><ref>{{NYCS const|map}}</ref>
* The [[New York City Subway]]'s [[IND Rockaway Line]] ({{NYCS trains|Far Rockaway}}), which has a [[terminal station|terminal]] at [[Far Rockaway – Mott Avenue (IND Rockaway Line)|Mott Avenue]].<ref name=MTA-Rock-2015>{{cite web|title=MTA Neighborhood Maps: Rockaways|url=http://web.mta.info/maps/neighborhoods/qns/Q12_Rockaways_2015.pdf|website=mta.info|publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]|accessdate=November 25, 2015|date=2015}}</ref><ref>{{NYCS const|map}}</ref>
* The [[Far Rockaway (LIRR station)|Far Rockaway]] terminal station for the [[Long Island Rail Road]]'s [[Far Rockaway Branch]].<ref name=MTA-Rock-2015/> The branch had originally been part of a loop that traveled along the existing route, continuing through the Rockaway Peninsula and heading on a trestle across [[Jamaica Bay]] through Queens where it reconnected with other branches. Frequent fires and maintenance problems led the LIRR to abandon the Queens portion of the route, which was acquired by the city to become the IND Rockaway Line.<ref>[http://www.nycsubway.org/lines/rockaway.html IND Rockaway Branch/Jamaica Bay Crossing], accessed June 14, 2006.</ref>
* The [[Far Rockaway (LIRR station)|Far Rockaway]] terminal station for the [[Long Island Rail Road]]'s [[Far Rockaway Branch]].<ref name=MTA-Rock-2015/> The branch had been part of a loop with service along the existing route, continuing through the Rockaway Peninsula and crossing on a trestle across [[Jamaica Bay]] through Queens, where it reconnected with other branches. Frequent fires and maintenance problems led the LIRR to abandon the Queens portion of the route. The city acquired this to develop the IND Rockaway Line.<ref>[http://www.nycsubway.org/lines/rockaway.html IND Rockaway Branch/Jamaica Bay Crossing], accessed June 14, 2006.</ref>
*[[MTA Regional Bus Operations]]: {{NYC bus link|Q22|Q113|Q114|QM17}}<ref name=MTA-Rock-2015/><ref name="mapqns">{{Cite NYC bus map|Q}}</ref>
*[[MTA Regional Bus Operations]]: {{NYC bus link|Q22|Q113|Q114|QM17}}<ref name=MTA-Rock-2015/><ref name="mapqns">{{Cite NYC bus map|Q}}</ref>
*[[Nassau Inter-County Express]]: {{LI bus link|n31|n32|n33}}.<ref name=MTA-Rock-2015/><ref name="mapqns"/> Unlike other NICE routes in Queens, these buses operate open-door in Far Rockaway, meaning customers can ride these buses wholly within the neighborhood without necessarily going to [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]].
*[[Nassau Inter-County Express]]: {{LI bus link|n31|n32|n33}}.<ref name=MTA-Rock-2015/><ref name="mapqns"/> Unlike other NICE routes in Queens, these buses operate open-door in Far Rockaway, meaning customers can ride these buses wholly within the neighborhood without going to [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]].
*NYC Beach Bus. A shuttle bus between downtown Brooklyn or Williamsburg and the area around Beach 84 and Jacob Riis Park.
*NYC Beach Bus. A shuttle bus between downtown Brooklyn or Williamsburg and the area around Beach 84 and Jacob Riis Park.


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Far Rockaway residents are zoned to [http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/27/Q053/default.htm?searchType=school M.S. 53 Brian Piccolo].
Far Rockaway residents are zoned to [http://schools.nyc.gov/SchoolPortals/27/Q053/default.htm?searchType=school M.S. 53 Brian Piccolo].


All New York City residents who wish to attend a public high school must apply to high schools. [[Far Rockaway High School]] was located in Far Rockaway, but was shut down as a stand-alone institution in 2011, as happened to many large underperforming, older traditional high schools in the city during the administration of then-Mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]]. The 1929 building remains extant and has been repurposed as the Far Rockaway Educational Campus, home to a number of smaller, specialized academies who share the building. The former [[Beach Channel High School]]—which was similarly closed as a stand-alone institution in 2014 and repurposed to house several smaller, specialized academies—is in [[Rockaway Park, Queens|Rockaway Park]], near Far Rockaway, and draws some of its students from Far Rockaway.
All New York City residents who wish to attend a public high school must apply to high schools. [[Far Rockaway High School]] was located in Far Rockaway, but was shut down in 2011 as a stand-alone institution. During the administration of Mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]]in 2011, many large, underperforming, older traditional high schools were closed in the city. The 1929 building was renovated to operate as the Far Rockaway Educational Campus, home to a number of smaller, specialized academies that share the building. They can provide more individualized attention to their students. The former [[Beach Channel High School]] was similarly closed in 2014 and repurposed to house several smaller, specialized academies; it is in [[Rockaway Park, Queens|Rockaway Park]], near Far Rockaway, and draws some of its students from Far Rockaway.


[http://www.cogca.org Church of God Christian Academy] is a K–12 co-ed school, located on Central Avenue.
[http://www.cogca.org Church of God Christian Academy] is a K–12 co-ed school, located on Central Avenue.
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[http://www.nik-las.com/ Nikitas Language Abroad Schools], a series of language schools, is also located in Far Rockaway.
[http://www.nik-las.com/ Nikitas Language Abroad Schools], a series of language schools, is also located in Far Rockaway.


Challenge Preparatory Charter School on Hartman Lane—publicly-funded but run by a private non-profit entity - serves elementary and middle-school pupils.<ref>http://www.challengeprepcharter.org/</ref>
Challenge Preparatory Charter School on Hartman Lane is publicly funded and run by a private non-profit entity; it serves elementary and middle-school pupils.<ref>[http://www.challengeprepcharter.org/]</ref>


A library is planned for the neighborhood, to be built by internationally known architectural firm [[Snohetta (company)|Snøhetta]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/arts/all/approvalmatrix/approval-matrix-2013-9-30/|title=Approval Matrix|date=Sep 30, 2013|publisher=New York magazine}}</ref>
In 2013 ''New York magazine'' reported that the city planned to construct a public library in the neighborhood, to be designed by the internationally known architectural firm [[Snohetta (company)|Snøhetta]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/arts/all/approvalmatrix/approval-matrix-2013-9-30/|title=Approval Matrix|date=Sep 30, 2013|publisher=''New York magazine''}}</ref>


===Jewish institutions===
===Jewish institutions===
During the early and mid-20th century, many Jewish immigrants and their working-class descendants settled in Far Rockaway, sometimes first as summer visitors. They founded numerous synagogues and private schools, including those devoted to single-sex education for Orthodox boys and girls. Following World War II, as residential housing was developed in Nassau and later Suffolk counties, many Jewish families left the Rockaways for newer housing.

{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2009}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=December 2009}}
{{Div col}}
{{Div col}}
⚫
'''Schools (past and present):'''
⚫
*Chaim Berlin High School
⚫
*Hebrew Academy of the Five Towns and Rockaway (HAFTR)
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*Mesivta Chaim Shlomo
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*Bnois Bais Yaacov
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*Tichon Meir Moshe
⚫
*Sh'or Yoshuv Institute of Jewish Studies
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*Siach Yitzchok Elementary School for Boys
⚫
*Torah Academy for Girls
⚫
*Bais Yaakov Ateres Miriam
⚫
*Yeshiva Darchei Torah
⚫
*[[Yeshiva of Far Rockaway]]
⚫
* The Hebrew Institute of Long Island
⚫
*Yeshiva Bnei Torah


'''Synagogues (past and present):'''
'''Synagogues (past and present):'''
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*Young Israel of Far Rockaway
*Young Israel of Far Rockaway
*Young Israel of Wavecrest and Bayswater
*Young Israel of Wavecrest and Bayswater

⚫
'''Schools (past and present):'''
⚫
*Chaim Berlin High School
⚫
*Hebrew Academy of the Five Towns and Rockaway (HAFTR)
⚫
*Mesivta Chaim Shlomo
⚫
*Bnois Bais Yaacov
⚫
*Tichon Meir Moshe
⚫
*Sh'or Yoshuv Institute of Jewish Studies
⚫
*Siach Yitzchok Elementary School for Boys
⚫
*Torah Academy for Girls
⚫
*Bais Yaakov Ateres Miriam
⚫
*Yeshiva Darchei Torah
⚫
*[[Yeshiva of Far Rockaway]]
⚫
* The Hebrew Institute of Long Island
⚫
*Yeshiva Bnei Torah
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
{{div col|rules=yes|colwidth=30em}}<section begin=notable_residents/><!--transcluded into [[Rockaway, Queens#Notable residents]]-->
{{div col|rules=yes|colwidth=30em}}<section begin=notable_residents/><!--transcluded into [[Rockaway, Queens#Notable residents]]-->
* [[Richard Bey]] (born 1951), talk show host; went to Far Rockaway High School.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Morales|first=Tina |work=Newsday - The Long Island and New York City News Source | publisher=ProQuest Archiver | date=February 25, 1990 | url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/77343259.html?dids=77343259:77343259&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+25%2C+1990&author=Compiled+by+Tina+Morales&pub=Newsday+(Combined+editions)&desc=SCHOOL+OF+THE+WEEK%2FFar+Rockaway+High+School&pqatl=google |title= SCHOOL OF THE WEEK/Far Rockaway High School | accessdate=November 25, 2015|subscription=yes}}</ref>
* [[Richard Bey]] (born 1951), talk show host; went to Far Rockaway High School.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Morales|first=Tina |work=Newsday | publisher=ProQuest Archiver | date=February 25, 1990 | url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/newsday/access/77343259.html?dids=77343259:77343259&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+25%2C+1990&author=Compiled+by+Tina+Morales&pub=Newsday+(Combined+editions)&desc=SCHOOL+OF+THE+WEEK%2FFar+Rockaway+High+School&pqatl=google |title= SCHOOL OF THE WEEK/Far Rockaway High School | accessdate=November 25, 2015|subscription=yes}}</ref>
* [[Baruch Samuel Blumberg]] (1925–2011), winner of 1976 [[Nobel Prize in Medicine]]; graduated from Far Rockaway High School in 1942.<ref name=Tribune>[https://web.archive.org/web/20021101152241/http://www.queenstribune.com/best2002/celebrities-best2002.htm "The Best Queens Celebrities 2002"], ''Queens Tribune''. Accessed November 25, 2015.</ref>
* [[Baruch Samuel Blumberg]] (1925–2011), winner of 1976 [[Nobel Prize in Medicine]]; graduated from Far Rockaway High School in 1942.<ref name=Tribune>[https://web.archive.org/web/20021101152241/http://www.queenstribune.com/best2002/celebrities-best2002.htm "The Best Queens Celebrities 2002"], ''Queens Tribune''. Accessed November 25, 2015.</ref>
* [[Joyce Brothers]] (1925–2013), family [[psychologist]] and advice columnist; grew up in Far Rockaway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shemadeit.org/meet/biography.aspx?m=110 |title=Dr. Joyce Brothers: Television and Radio Writer, Producer, Host |publisher=The Paley Center For Media |access-date=November 25, 2015 |quote=The daughter of lawyers, Joyce Diane Bauer was born in Manhattan and raised in Far Rockaway, Queens. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126063349/http://www.shemadeit.org/meet/biography.aspx?m=110 |archivedate=November 26, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
* [[Joyce Brothers]] (1925–2013), family [[psychologist]] and advice columnist; grew up in Far Rockaway.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shemadeit.org/meet/biography.aspx?m=110 |title=Dr. Joyce Brothers: Television and Radio Writer, Producer, Host |publisher=The Paley Center For Media |access-date=November 25, 2015 |quote=The daughter of lawyers, Joyce Diane Bauer was born in Manhattan and raised in Far Rockaway, Queens. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126063349/http://www.shemadeit.org/meet/biography.aspx?m=110 |archivedate=November 26, 2015 |df= }}</ref>
* [[Chinx]] (1983–2015), rapper, grew up in both the Redfern Houses and Edgemere Houses (the latter of which is now known as Ocean Bay Apartments).<ref name="xxlmag1">{{cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/the-break/2012/02/the-break-presents-chinx-drugz|title=The Break Presents: Chinx Drugz|publisher=Xxlmag.com|date=February 17, 2012 |accessdate=October 1, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Chinx]] (1983–2015), rapper, grew up in both the Redfern Houses and Edgemere Houses (the latter are now known as Ocean Bay Apartments).<ref name="xxlmag1">{{cite web|url=http://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/the-break/2012/02/the-break-presents-chinx-drugz|title=The Break Presents: Chinx Drugz|publisher=Xxlmag.com|date=February 17, 2012 |accessdate=October 1, 2013}}</ref>
* [[Cormega]] (born 1970), rapper.<ref>Golianopoulos, Thomas. [http://www.complex.com/music/2014/11/queensbridge-rap-is-over "The Bridge Is Over; The Queensbridge Houses were once at the center of the rap universe. What happened to hip-hop's most storied housing project?"], ''[[Complex (magazine)]]'', November 25, 2014. Accessed July 16, 2017. "Born Cory McKay in Brooklyn, Cormega moved at an early age from Bedford-Stuyvesant to Co-Op City in the Bronx where he lived on a 22nd floor apartment with a balcony. Life was good until his father discovered crack cocaine.Mega moved to Far Rockaway, Queens, and then he began dealing drugs in Brooklyn."</ref>
* [[Cormega]] (born Cory McKay, 1970), rapper, lived in Far Rockaway as a youth.<ref>Golianopoulos, Thomas. [http://www.complex.com/music/2014/11/queensbridge-rap-is-over "The Bridge Is Over; The Queensbridge Houses were once at the center of the rap universe. What happened to hip-hop's most storied housing project?"], ''[[Complex (magazine)]]'', November 25, 2014. Accessed July 16, 2017. "Born Cory McKay in Brooklyn, Cormega moved at an early age from Bedford-Stuyvesant to Co-Op City in the Bronx where he lived on a 22nd floor apartment with a balcony. Life was good until his father discovered crack cocaine. Mega moved to Far Rockaway, Queens, and then he began dealing drugs in Brooklyn."</ref>
* [[Mac DeMarco]] (born 1990), Canadian songwriter and musician; has a house in Far Rockaway, where his album [[Another One (Mac DeMarco album)|Another One]] was recorded.<ref>{{cite web|title=Video // Mac DeMarco Announces New Mini LP + Tour Dates|url=http://www.capturedtracks.com/video-mac-demarco-announces-new-mini-lp-tour-dates/|publisher=[[Captured Tracks]]|accessdate=April 23, 2015|date=April 22, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Mac DeMarco]] (born 1990), Canadian songwriter and musician; has a house in Far Rockaway, where he recorded his album [[Another One (Mac DeMarco album)|''Another One'']].<ref>{{cite web|title=Video // Mac DeMarco Announces New Mini LP + Tour Dates|url=http://www.capturedtracks.com/video-mac-demarco-announces-new-mini-lp-tour-dates/|publisher=[[Captured Tracks]]|accessdate=April 23, 2015|date=April 22, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Joan Feynman]] (born 1927), astrophysicist and [[NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal]] recipient.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
* [[Joan Feynman]] (born 1927), astrophysicist and [[NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal]] recipient.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}
* [[Richard Feynman]] (1918–1988), physicist and [[Nobel Prize]] winner; grew up in Far Rockaway and graduated from Far Rockaway High School.<ref name=Tribune/><ref>{{cite web | title=Richard Phillips Feynman Facts, information, pictures | website=Encyclopedia.com | date=June 10, 2010 | url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Richard_Phillips_Feynman.aspx | accessdate=November 26, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Richard Feynman]] (1918–1988), physicist and [[Nobel Prize]] winner; grew up in Far Rockaway and graduated from Far Rockaway High School.<ref name=Tribune/><ref>{{cite web | title=Richard Phillips Feynman Facts, information, pictures | website=Encyclopedia.com | date=June 10, 2010 | url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Richard_Phillips_Feynman.aspx | accessdate=November 26, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Mary Gordon]] (born 1949), writer; born in Far Rockaway, grew up in Queens
* [[Carl Icahn]] (born 1936), businessman and philanthropist; grew up in Far Rockaway and went to Far Rockaway High School.<ref name=Tribune/><ref>{{cite web | last=Crowe | first=Portia | title=Carl Icahn told a story about his dad that always makes him tear up | website=Business Insider | date=May 4, 2015 | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/carl-icahn-told-a-story-about-his-dad-that-always-makes-him-tear-up-2015-5 | accessdate=November 26, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Nancy Lieberman]] (born 1958), women's basketball pioneer; grew up in Far Rockaway<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odusports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=208424702|title=Nancy Lieberman player profile|publisher=[[Old Dominion University]]|work=ODU Sports|quote=On May 6, 2000, the Far Rockaway, NY native earned her degree from Old Dominion University in interdisciplinary studies.|access-date=November 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Lieberman, Nancy | website=Encyclopedia.com | date=May 6, 1996 | url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3407900329.html | accessdate=November 25, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Carl Icahn]] (born 1936), businessman and philanthropist; grew up in Far Rockaway and went to Far Rockaway High School.<ref name=Tribune/><ref>{{cite web | last=Crowe | first=Portia | title=Carl Icahn told a story about his dad that always makes him tear up | publisher =''Business Insider'' | date=May 4, 2015 | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/carl-icahn-told-a-story-about-his-dad-that-always-makes-him-tear-up-2015-5 | accessdate=November 26, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Nancy Lieberman]] (born 1958), women's basketball pioneer; grew up in Far Rockaway<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odusports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=208424702|title=Nancy Lieberman player profile|publisher=[[Old Dominion University]]|work=ODU Sports|quote=On May 6, 2000, the Far Rockaway, NY native earned her degree from [[Old Dominion University]] in interdisciplinary studies.|access-date=November 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Lieberman, Nancy | website=Encyclopedia.com | date=May 6, 1996 | url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3407900329.html | accessdate=November 25, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Bernard Madoff]] (born 1938), former American stockbroker, investment advisor, and financier who was convicted of fraud; went to Far Rockaway High School.<ref>{{cite web|first1=John|last1=Carney|publisher=[[Business Insider]]|title=The Education of Bernie Madoff: The High School Years|access-date=November 25, 2015|date=December 22, 2008|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/2008/12/the-education-of-bernie-madoff-far-rockaway-high-school}}</ref>
* [[Bernard Madoff]] (born 1938), former American stockbroker, investment advisor, and financier who was convicted of fraud; went to Far Rockaway High School.<ref>{{cite web|first1=John|last1=Carney|publisher=[[Business Insider]]|title=The Education of Bernie Madoff: The High School Years|access-date=November 25, 2015|date=December 22, 2008|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/2008/12/the-education-of-bernie-madoff-far-rockaway-high-school}}</ref>
* [[Steve Madden]] (born 1958), shoe designer and former CEO of Steve Madden Ltd; born in Far Rockaway.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dominguez|first1=Robert|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/lifestyle/bringing-back-home-steve-madden-new-ad-campaign-focuses-fashion-center-queens-article-1.649141|title=BRINGING IT BACK HOME. Steve Madden's new ad campaign focuses on his fashion center - Queens|publisher=[[Daily News (New York)]]|date=October 19, 2006|access-date=November 25, 2015|quote=But Madden was born in Far Rockaway, Queens, where his family is from, and his corporate headquarters are in a huge, Tudor-style building in Long Island City not far from the Queensboro Bridge.}}</ref>
* [[Steve Madden]] (born 1958), shoe designer and former CEO of Steve Madden Ltd; born in Far Rockaway.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Dominguez|first1=Robert|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/lifestyle/bringing-back-home-steve-madden-new-ad-campaign-focuses-fashion-center-queens-article-1.649141|title=BRINGING IT BACK HOME. Steve Madden's new ad campaign focuses on his fashion center - Queens|publisher=[[Daily News (New York)]]|date=October 19, 2006|access-date=November 25, 2015|quote=But Madden was born in Far Rockaway, Queens, where his family is from, and his corporate headquarters are in a huge, Tudor-style building in Long Island City not far from the Queensboro Bridge.}}</ref>

Revision as of 21:25, 10 August 2018

"Far Rockaway" redirects here. For other uses, see Far Rockaway (disambiguation).

Far Rockaway
Neighborhood of Queens
Far Rockaway street scene
Far Rockaway street scene
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CityNew York City
County/BoroughQueens
Named forPlace name of the Native American Lenape.
Population
 (2010)
 • Total60,035
Ethnicity
 • White31.0%
 • Black50.1%
 • Hispanic25.2%
 • Asian2.0%
 • Other14.3%
Economics
 • Median income$27,820
ZIP code
11691
Area code(s)718, 347, 917

Far Rockaway is a neighborhood on the Rockaway Peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens in the United States. It is the easternmost section of the Rockaways. The neighborhood extends from Beach 32nd Street east to the Nassau County line. The neighborhood is part of Queens Community Board 14.[1]

History

Grand View Avenue in the 1910s
See also: History of Rockaway, Queens

The name "Rockaway" may have meant "place of sands" in the Munsee language of the Native American Lenape who occupied this area at the time of European encounter during colonization. Other spellings include Requarkie, Rechouwakie, Rechaweygh, Rechquaakie and Reckowacky, transliterated in Dutch and English by early colonists.[note 1]

In September 1609, Henry Hudson and his crew were the first Europeans recorded as seeing the area of the Rockaways and Jamaica Bay.[2] Hudson was attempting to find the Northwest Passage. On September 11, Hudson sailed into the Upper New York Bay,[3] and the following day began a journey up what is now called the Hudson River in his honor.

Rockaway was, back then, inhabited by Canarsie Indians, a band of Mohegan, whose name was associated with the geography. The name Reckowacky, which is also spelled Requarkie, Rechouwakie, Rechaweygh, or Rechquaakie,[note 1] was to distinguish the Rockaway village from other Mohegan villages; "Reckowacky" means "lonely place", or "place of waters bright". (This area was mistakenly documented as occupied by a band of Mohawk people in a 1934 source, but this Iroquoian-speaking tribe primarily occupied the Mohawk River valley in central New York, north and west of the Hudson River and Long Island.)[4] By 1639, the Mohegan tribe sold most of the Rockaways to the Dutch West India Company.

In 1664, the English defeated the Dutch colony and took over their lands in present-day New York.[note 2][5] In 1685, the band chief, Tackapoucha, and the English governor of the province agreed to sell the Rockaways to a Captain Palmer for 31 pounds sterling.[2]

The Rockaway Peninsula was originally designated as part of the Town of Hempstead, then a part of Queens County. Palmer and the Town of Hempstead disputed over who owned Rockaway, so in 1687 he sold the land to Richard Cornell, an iron master from Flushing. Cornell and his family lived on a homestead on what is now Central Avenue, near the shore of the Atlantic Ocean. At his death, Cornell was buried in a small family cemetery, Cornell Cemetery. Today it is the only designated New York City landmark in the Rockaways.[2]

In the late 19th century, the Rockaway Association wanted to build a hotel on the Rockaway peninsula, as it was increasingly popular as a summer destination. The association, consisting of many wealthy members who had homes in the area, bought most of Cornell's old homestead property. They developed the Marine Hotel on that site, which attracted such guests as Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Washington Irving, and the Vanderbilt family. The Rockaway Association also built the Rockaway Turnpike. The Marine Hotel burned to the ground in 1864, but more hotels and private residences were built in the area.[2]

In the 19th century, people traveled to the Rockaways by horse-drawn carriages or on horseback. A ferry powered by steam sailed from Lower Manhattan to Brooklyn. By the 1880s, the Long Island Rail Road's Rockaway Beach Branch was built to serve Far Rockaway station.[2] The steam railroad went to Long Island City and Flatbush Terminal (now Atlantic Terminal). When it opened in the 1880s, this connection stimulated population growth on the Rockaway Peninsula.[6] Benjamin Mott gave the LIRR 7 acres (2.8 ha) of land for a railroad depot. Land values increased and businesses in the area grew, and by 1888, Far Rockaway was a relatively large village.[2] It incorporated as a village on September 19 of that year.[7]

By 1898, the area was incorporated into the Greater City of New York, which included Queens. Far Rockaway, Hammels, and Arverne, all of Queens, tried to secede from the city several times. In 1915 and 1917, a bill approving the secession passed in the legislature but was vetoed by the New York City mayor John Purroy Mitchel.[8]

The Far Rockaway Beach Bungalow Historic District recognizes an area with a distinct character. This and individual properties, such as the Russell Sage Memorial Church, Trinity Chapel, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[9]

Bungalows

Looking east from Beach 48th Street at location of former bungalows cleared for a development project
Main article: Far Rockaway Beach Bungalow Historic District

With its nearby beach, Far Rockaway attracted tourists and vacationers from the other boroughs. Bungalows were the homes of choice for many residents who lived in Far Rockaway. The railroad abandoned the Rockaway Beach Branch in 1950 because of the shift of many people to driving private cars. In addition, this destination had to compete with the many others that people were visiting by car and air travel, which created access to even more distant destinations and heightened competition for travel dollars.

As the neighborhood's heyday as a resort community declined in the 1950s, the city built substantial numbers of public housing developments to try to replace substandard housing after World War II. Bungalows and other residential housing were converted to year-round use for low-income residents. Some bungalows were used as public housing.[10][11] The 1970s New York City budget crisis resulted in a negative effect on the provision of social services, and problems of poverty, unemployment and drug use increased in this area.[12]

In September 1984, residents founded the Beachside Bungalow Preservation Association to "improve the quality of the Far Rockaway community through preservation, education, and cultural programs." "[13] The organization donated a collection of materials highlighting its history, correspondence, and activities to the Queens Library Archives in 2008.

Transportation

The IND Rockaway Line subway viaduct on a background of Far Rockaway residential buildings
Another view of IND Rockaway Line viaduct

Far Rockaway is served by the following transportation services:

Parks

Education and library

The neighborhood, like all of New York City, is served by the New York City Department of Education. Far Rockaway residents are zoned to several different elementary schools:

Far Rockaway residents are zoned to M.S. 53 Brian Piccolo.

All New York City residents who wish to attend a public high school must apply to high schools. Far Rockaway High School was located in Far Rockaway, but was shut down in 2011 as a stand-alone institution. During the administration of Mayor Michael Bloombergin 2011, many large, underperforming, older traditional high schools were closed in the city. The 1929 building was renovated to operate as the Far Rockaway Educational Campus, home to a number of smaller, specialized academies that share the building. They can provide more individualized attention to their students. The former Beach Channel High School was similarly closed in 2014 and repurposed to house several smaller, specialized academies; it is in Rockaway Park, near Far Rockaway, and draws some of its students from Far Rockaway.

Church of God Christian Academy is a K–12 co-ed school, located on Central Avenue.

Nikitas Language Abroad Schools, a series of language schools, is also located in Far Rockaway.

Challenge Preparatory Charter School on Hartman Lane is publicly funded and run by a private non-profit entity; it serves elementary and middle-school pupils.[18]

In 2013 New York magazine reported that the city planned to construct a public library in the neighborhood, to be designed by the internationally known architectural firm Snøhetta.[19]

Jewish institutions

During the early and mid-20th century, many Jewish immigrants and their working-class descendants settled in Far Rockaway, sometimes first as summer visitors. They founded numerous synagogues and private schools, including those devoted to single-sex education for Orthodox boys and girls. Following World War II, as residential housing was developed in Nassau and later Suffolk counties, many Jewish families left the Rockaways for newer housing.

Synagogues (past and present):

  • Agudath Israel of Long Island
  • Agudath Israel of Rockaway
  • Agudath Israel of West Lawrence
  • Bayswater Jewish Center
  • Beis Medrash Ateres Yisroel (Rabbi Avraham Blumenkranz)
  • Bnos Israel Institute (Rabbi Shmelke Rubin)
  • Congregation Kneseth Israel in Far Rockaway
  • Congregation Shaarey Tefila
  • Congregation Shaarey Zedek
  • Congregation Shomrai Shabbos
  • Young Israel of Far Rockaway
  • Young Israel of Wavecrest and Bayswater

Schools (past and present):

  • Chaim Berlin High School
  • Hebrew Academy of the Five Towns and Rockaway (HAFTR)
  • Mesivta Chaim Shlomo
  • Bnois Bais Yaacov
  • Tichon Meir Moshe
  • Sh'or Yoshuv Institute of Jewish Studies
  • Siach Yitzchok Elementary School for Boys
  • Torah Academy for Girls
  • Bais Yaakov Ateres Miriam
  • Yeshiva Darchei Torah
  • Yeshiva of Far Rockaway
  • The Hebrew Institute of Long Island
  • Yeshiva Bnei Torah

Notable people

Notes

  1. ^ a b See Metoac#Exonyms and Toponymy of New Netherland.
  2. ^ See New Amsterdam

References

  1. ^ Queens Community Boards, New York City. Accessed September 3, 2007.
  2. ^ a b c d e f
  3. ^ Nevius, Michelle and James, "New York's many 9/11 anniversaries: the Staten Island Peace Conference", Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City, September 8, 2008. Accessed May 31, 2009.
  4. ^ "Rockaway, The Playground of New York", Annual yearbook of the Rockaways, June 1934
  5. ^ Henry L. Schoolcraft, "The Capture of New Amsterdam", English Historical Review (1907). Vol. 22 #88, pp 674–693 in JSTOR
  6. ^ Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (1995). The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300055366., p. 120.
  7. ^ Documents of the Senate of the State of New York, Volume 8, p. 9. New Jersey Legislature, 1913. Accessed July 26, 2016.
  8. ^ "The Rockaways". Rootsweb.com. Retrieved December 6, 2006.
  9. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  10. ^ "Beach Bungalow Historic District" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. National Park Service. 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  11. ^ Wilson, Charles (March 16, 2012). "The Subway-Accessible, Surf-Ready, Urban Beach Paradise". New York Times Magazine. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  12. ^ "Fiscal crisis in 1975 taught New York hard lessons of chopping, freezing that are handy now". Daily News. New York.
  13. ^ Autz, Lisa. "Far Rock Man Stands Up for Bungalows". TimesLedger Newspapers. Community Newspaper Group. Retrieved December 6, 2013.
  14. ^ a b c d "MTA Neighborhood Maps: Rockaways" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2015. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  15. ^ "Subway Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  16. ^ IND Rockaway Branch/Jamaica Bay Crossing, accessed June 14, 2006.
  17. ^ a b "Queens Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  18. ^ [1]
  19. ^ "Approval Matrix". New York magazine. September 30, 2013. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  20. ^ Morales, Tina (February 25, 1990). "SCHOOL OF THE WEEK/Far Rockaway High School". Newsday. ProQuest Archiver. Retrieved November 25, 2015. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |subscription= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ a b c "The Best Queens Celebrities 2002", Queens Tribune. Accessed November 25, 2015.
  22. ^ "Dr. Joyce Brothers: Television and Radio Writer, Producer, Host". The Paley Center For Media. Archived from the original on November 26, 2015. Retrieved November 25, 2015. The daughter of lawyers, Joyce Diane Bauer was born in Manhattan and raised in Far Rockaway, Queens. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "The Break Presents: Chinx Drugz". Xxlmag.com. February 17, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
  24. ^ Golianopoulos, Thomas. "The Bridge Is Over; The Queensbridge Houses were once at the center of the rap universe. What happened to hip-hop's most storied housing project?", Complex (magazine), November 25, 2014. Accessed July 16, 2017. "Born Cory McKay in Brooklyn, Cormega moved at an early age from Bedford-Stuyvesant to Co-Op City in the Bronx where he lived on a 22nd floor apartment with a balcony. Life was good until his father discovered crack cocaine. Mega moved to Far Rockaway, Queens, and then he began dealing drugs in Brooklyn."
  25. ^ "Video // Mac DeMarco Announces New Mini LP + Tour Dates". Captured Tracks. April 22, 2015. Retrieved April 23, 2015.
  26. ^ "Richard Phillips Feynman Facts, information, pictures". Encyclopedia.com. June 10, 2010. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
  27. ^ Crowe, Portia (May 4, 2015). "Carl Icahn told a story about his dad that always makes him tear up". Business Insider. Retrieved November 26, 2015. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  28. ^ "Nancy Lieberman player profile". ODU Sports. Old Dominion University. Retrieved November 25, 2015. On May 6, 2000, the Far Rockaway, NY native earned her degree from Old Dominion University in interdisciplinary studies.
  29. ^ "Lieberman, Nancy". Encyclopedia.com. May 6, 1996. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  30. ^ Carney, John (December 22, 2008). "The Education of Bernie Madoff: The High School Years". Business Insider. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  31. ^ Dominguez, Robert (October 19, 2006). "BRINGING IT BACK HOME. Steve Madden's new ad campaign focuses on his fashion center - Queens". Daily News (New York). Retrieved November 25, 2015. But Madden was born in Far Rockaway, Queens, where his family is from, and his corporate headquarters are in a huge, Tudor-style building in Long Island City not far from the Queensboro Bridge.
  32. ^ McNamara, Pat (January 9, 2009). "We Love Our Nielsen". Patheos. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  33. ^ Tomasson, Robert E. (April 10, 1976). "Phil Ochs a Suicide at 35; Singer of Peace Movement". The New York Times. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
  34. ^ Weiss, Jeff (July 1, 2010). "R.I.P. Rammellzee: The original abstract-rapping outlaw". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 3, 2010.
  35. ^ "IN SEARCH OF THE Z PARTICLE", The New York Times, October 26, 1986. Accessed October 2, 2007. "BURTON RICHTER was born in Brooklyn 55 years ago, but grew up in Far Rockaway, Queens."
  36. ^ Jackson, Brian Keith (October 24, 2007). "Ice, Ice Babies". NYMag.com. Retrieved November 25, 2015. I grew up in Far Rockaway, and you'd always see shoes on the line.
  37. ^ "Smullyan biography". University of St Andrews School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences. Retrieved November 25, 2015. Raymond Smullyan, known as Ray, was brought up in Far Rockaway in New York City.
  38. ^ "National Football Foundation > Programs > College Football Hall of Fame > SearchDetail". National Football Foundation > Home. Retrieved November 25, 2015.
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