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{{Campaignbox 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}}
{{Campaignbox 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war}}
The '''Ganja ballistic missile attacks''' ({{Lang-az|Gəncə bombalanmaları}}) comprise four separate ballistic missile attacks on the city of [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], [[Azerbaijan]] in October 2020, during the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]]. The missile attacks happened one week after Azerbaijan began [[2020 bombardment of Stepanakert|firing cluster bombs and missiles against Armenian civilian areas in Stepanakert]].<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54407436 |access-date=2020-10-17 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB |quote=The self-proclaimed authorities there said they hit Ganja's military airport after Azerbaijani forces shelled the region's capital, Stepanakert...They said they had acted after Stepanakert was hit by missiles and alleged the Ganja facility had been used by Azerbaijani forces to launch attacks on civilian areas.}}</ref><ref name="Mediamax.am">{{Cite web |title=Artsakh President: The strike on Ganja was a warning |url=https://mediamax.am/en/news/karabakh/39851/ |access-date=4 October 2020 |website=Mediamax.am |quote=Harutyunyan has underlined that Azerbaijan was the first to violate the international law by targeting civilian population.}}</ref><ref name="telegraph">{{cite web |last1=Freeman |first1=Colin |title=Azerbaijan dropping cluster bombs on civilian areas in war with Armenia |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/10/05/azerbaijan-dropping-cluster-bombs-civilian-areas-war-armenia/ |publisher=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=October 17, 2020 |ref=telegraph |date=October 5, 2020}}</ref><ref name="mfa.am">{{cite web |title=Foreign Minister Zohrab Mnatsakanyan’s interview to BBC Newshour |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/interviews-articles-and-comments/2020/10/18/Min_BBCNewsHour/10547?fbclid=IwAR3f9ak3HGdB1fpk3CwbOOXC-GAbF-glNpLbYxpahc87v01SMZw8HKgYWIw |publisher=mfa.am |accessdate=October 17, 2020 |date=October 18, 2020 |quote='''BBC:''' Why is Armenia targeting civilians in Ganja, Azerbaijan's second largest city? '''Zohrab Mnatsakanyan:''' When it comes to the civilians we have been very vocal about it. For three weeks Stepanakert, the capital of Nagorno-Karabakh, Sushi, Martakert, Martuni, Hadrut and hundreds of villages have been under consistent fire, consistent shelling, consistent bombing by UAVs, Turkish made Bayraktars, air controlled by the Turkish air force. Rocket launchers, Grad, Smerch, tanks, the aviation everything has been falling on those civilian settlements and civilian infrastructure. The situation for our compatriots is absolutely dire. There are many, many displaced people. People are living in shelters. Electricity, water have been destroyed. This much suffering day after day everyday this is happening to our compatriots in Nagorno-Karabakh. Azerbaijan doesn’t understand the language of civility.}}</ref>
The '''Ganja ballistic missile attacks''' ({{Lang-az|Gəncə bombalanmaları}}) comprise four separate ballistic missile attacks on the city of [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], [[Azerbaijan]] in October 2020, during the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war]].


The first attack took place on 4 October, killing one civilian and wounding over 30; it was one of the first serious attacks on civilians in the conflict outside the [[Nagorno-Karabakh|Nagorno-Karabakh region]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54407436 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/azerbaijans-no-2-city-targeted-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan-armenia-nagornokarabakh-territory-city-b778901.html |title=Azerbaijan's No. 2 city targeted in fighting with Armenia |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |work=[[The Independent]] }}</ref> The second attack occurred on 8 October; no casualties were reported.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3312771.html |title=Azerbaijan's Ganja under fire once again by Armenian troops |date=8 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=en |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] }}</ref> The third attack happened on 11 October. According to Azerbaijan's Foreign Ministry, at least seven people died and 33 were injured, including children. The attack was one of the first major violations of the humanitarian ceasefire, signed a day earlier, to attempt to halt the conflict.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201011-armenia-azerbaijan-continue-to-levy-charges-of-civilian-strikes-after-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia, Azerbaijan trade accusations as civilian areas hit despite truce |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[France24]]}}</ref> The fourth attack occurred on 17 October. According to initial reports, fifteen civilians were killed and fifty-five injured in the attack.<ref name="trendcasualities" /><ref name="russianciv" /> In addition to the loss of human life, infrastructure was also destroyed, including apartment blocks and other buildings, and vehicles.
The first attack took place on 4 October, killing one civilian and wounding over 30.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54407436 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/azerbaijans-no-2-city-targeted-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan-armenia-nagornokarabakh-territory-city-b778901.html |title=Azerbaijan's No. 2 city targeted in fighting with Armenia |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |work=[[The Independent]] }}</ref> The second attack occurred on 8 October; no casualties were reported.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3312771.html |title=Azerbaijan's Ganja under fire once again by Armenian troops |date=8 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=en |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] }}</ref> The third attack happened on 11 October. According to Azerbaijan's Foreign Ministry, at least seven people died and 33 were injured, including children.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201011-armenia-azerbaijan-continue-to-levy-charges-of-civilian-strikes-after-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia, Azerbaijan trade accusations as civilian areas hit despite truce |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[France24]]}}</ref> The fourth attack occurred on 17 October. According to initial reports, fifteen civilians were killed and fifty-five injured in the attack.<ref name="trendcasualities" /><ref name="russianciv" /> Infrastructure was also destroyed, including apartment blocks and other buildings, and vehicles.


The Azerbaijani government described the third attack "an act of genocide".<ref name="genocide" />
Azerbaijan accused [[Armenia]] of the attacks, but Armenia denied any responsibility;<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |first1=Rory |last1=Sullivan |first2=Lindsay |last2=Isaac |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/10/europe/azerbaijan-armenia-ceasefire-intl/index.html |title=Azerbaijan and Armenia accuse each other of breaking ceasefire |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[CNN]] }}</ref> the [[Artsakh Defence Army]] admitted responsibility for the first attack. [[Human Rights Watch]] reported that the Armenian forces were responsible for all of the attacks.<ref name="hrw" /> The Azerbaijani government described the third attack "an act of genocide"<ref name="genocide" /> and retaliated with a missile strike on missile systems in the Armenian-occupied [[Kalbajar District]].<ref name="hauer">{{cite news |last1=Hauer |first1=Neil |title=Azerbaijan Confirms Strike Inside Armenian Territory; Russia Renews Call For Diplomatic Solution |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/azerbaijan-confirms-strike-inside-armenia-as-russia-renews-call-for-diplomatic-solution/30892949.html |access-date=22 December 2020 |work=Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty |date=14 October 2020}}</ref>


== Background ==
== Background ==
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On 27 September 2020, clashes broke out in the disputed [[Nagorno-Karabakh|Nagorno-Karabakh region]], which is ''[[de facto]]'' controlled by [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]], but ''[[de jure]]'' part of [[Azerbaijan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341 |title=Armenia and Azerbaijan fight over disputed Nagorno-Karabakh |date=27 September 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref> [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], the second largest city of Azerbaijan, is home to a population of 335 thousand people;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/az/2_4.xls |title=Azərbaycan Respublikasının şəhər və rayonlarının ərazisi, əhalisinin sayı və sıxlığı |trans-title=Territory, population and density of cities and districts of the Republic of Azerbaijan |publisher=[[State Statistics Committee]] |date=1 January 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 }}</ref> it is situated {{convert|97|km|miles}} north of the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact]] and {{convert|241|km|miles}} east of the [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border|Armenian-Azerbaijani state border]].<ref>{{Cite web |first=Seymur |last=Kazimov |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/15/ganja-attack |title=Hours after truce agreed, children became orphans in Azerbaijan |date=15 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref>
On 27 September 2020, clashes broke out in the disputed [[Nagorno-Karabakh|Nagorno-Karabakh region]], which is ''[[de facto]]'' controlled by [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]], but ''[[de jure]]'' part of [[Azerbaijan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54314341 |title=Armenia and Azerbaijan fight over disputed Nagorno-Karabakh |date=27 September 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref> [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]], the second largest city of Azerbaijan, is home to a population of 335 thousand people;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stat.gov.az/source/demoqraphy/ap/az/2_4.xls |title=Azərbaycan Respublikasının şəhər və rayonlarının ərazisi, əhalisinin sayı və sıxlığı |trans-title=Territory, population and density of cities and districts of the Republic of Azerbaijan |publisher=[[State Statistics Committee]] |date=1 January 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 }}</ref> it is situated {{convert|97|km|miles}} north of the [[Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact]] and {{convert|241|km|miles}} east of the [[Armenia–Azerbaijan border|Armenian-Azerbaijani state border]].<ref>{{Cite web |first=Seymur |last=Kazimov |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/15/ganja-attack |title=Hours after truce agreed, children became orphans in Azerbaijan |date=15 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref>


On 4th of October, after the first attack, [[Arayik Harutyunyan]], the self-proclaimed [[Republic of Artsakh|Republic of Artsakh's]] president, issued a warning to the Azerbaijani army and civilians for the latter to leave Ganja, claiming that military facilities were permanently located in the city.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/armenia-azerbaijan-fighting-expands-far-beyond-the-front-lines|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting expands far beyond the front lines |website=eurasianet.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54407436|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues|date=4 October 2020|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediamax.am/en/news/karabakh/40289/|title=Armenian MFA warns of "adequate response"|website=mediamax.am}}</ref>
On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijan began firing [[cluster bombs]] and [[missiles]] against civilian areas in the [[2020 bombardment of Stepanakert|bombardment of Stepanakert]].<ref name="bbc" /><ref name="Mediamax.am" /><ref name="telegraph" /><ref name="mfa.am" /> On 4th of October, after the first attack, [[Arayik Harutyunyan]], the self-proclaimed [[Republic of Artsakh|Republic of Artsakh's]] president, issued a warning to the Azerbaijani army and civilians for the latter to leave Ganja, claiming that military facilities were permanently located in the city.<ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://eurasianet.org/armenia-azerbaijan-fighting-expands-far-beyond-the-front-lines|title=Armenia-Azerbaijan fighting expands far beyond the front lines |website=eurasianet.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54407436|title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues|date=4 October 2020|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediamax.am/en/news/karabakh/40289/|title=Armenian MFA warns of "adequate response"|website=mediamax.am}}</ref>
On 5 October, spokesman of self-proclaimed [[Republic of Artsakh|Republic of Artsakh's]] president, Vahram Poghosyan echoing the earlier warning of Arayik of Harutyunian, made a statement saying that "A few more days and I am afraid that even archaeologists will not be able to find the place of Ganja. Get sober before it is too late."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.1lurer.am/en/2020/10/05/A-few-more-days-and-even-archaeologists-will-not-be-able-to-find-the-place-of-Ganja-Poghosyan/328058 |title=A few more days and even archaeologists will not be able to find the place of Ganja. Get sober before it is too late. Poghosyan |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=5 October 2020 |website=1lurer.am |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> According to [[Human Rights Watch]], threats of attacks on unspecified targets over an unspecified period, in a language few Azerbaijani civilians can read, were not effective warnings.<ref name="hrw">{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/11/armenia-unlawful-rocket-missile-strikes-azerbaijan |title=Armenia: Unlawful Rocket, Missile Strikes on Azerbaijan |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=11 December 2020 |website=hrw.org |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |access-date=11 December 2020 }}</ref>
On 5 October, spokesman of self-proclaimed [[Republic of Artsakh|Republic of Artsakh's]] president, Vahram Poghosyan echoing the earlier warning of Arayik of Harutyunian, made a statement saying that "A few more days and I am afraid that even archaeologists will not be able to find the place of Ganja. Get sober before it is too late."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.1lurer.am/en/2020/10/05/A-few-more-days-and-even-archaeologists-will-not-be-able-to-find-the-place-of-Ganja-Poghosyan/328058 |title=A few more days and even archaeologists will not be able to find the place of Ganja. Get sober before it is too late. Poghosyan |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=5 October 2020 |website=1lurer.am |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}</ref> According to [[Human Rights Watch]], threats of attacks on unspecified targets over an unspecified period, in a language few Azerbaijani civilians can read, were not effective warnings.<ref name="hrw">{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/12/11/armenia-unlawful-rocket-missile-strikes-azerbaijan |title=Armenia: Unlawful Rocket, Missile Strikes on Azerbaijan |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=11 December 2020 |website=hrw.org |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |access-date=11 December 2020 }}</ref>


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=== First attack ===
=== First attack ===
{{external media|float = rigt|video1={{YouTube|ETwvBpXv0Pc|Footage shows shelling in city of Ganja}}}}
{{external media|float = rigt|video1={{YouTube|ETwvBpXv0Pc|Footage shows shelling in city of Ganja}}}}
Ganja was first hit by a missile on 4 October.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto2" /> Azerbaijan accused Armenia of the attack, which it denied.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201004/karabakh-1578171671.html |title=Армения заявила, что не ведет обстрел населенных пунктов Азербайджана |publisher=[[RIA Novosti]] |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=4 October 2020 |language=ru |archive-date=4 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004082433/https://ria.ru/20201004/karabakh-1578171671.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Artsakh denied targeting residential areas, but rather military targets, especially [[Ganja International Airport]],<ref name="artsakh1attack">{{Cite web |first=Bethan |last=McKernan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/04/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-accuses-armenia-of-rocket-attack |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of rocket attack |date=5 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |work=[[The Washington Post]] }}</ref> and [[Arayik Harutyunyan]], the president of the ''de facto'' [[Republic of Artsakh]], claimed that military facilities permanently located there had been targeting civilians in [[Stepanakert]] using [[Polonez (MRL)|Polonez]] and [[BM-30 Smerch|Smerch]] missiles;<ref name="auto4"/> Azerbaijan denied reports of there being military targets in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan's-MOD:-Information-spread-by-Armenians-about-alleged-shelling-of-military-facilities-in-Ganja-city-is-false-332022 |title=Azerbaijan's MOD: Information spread by Armenians about alleged shelling of military facilities in Ganja city is false |website=APA.az |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=4 October 2020 |language=en |quote=The information spread by the Armenian side about the alleged shelling of military facilities in Ganja city is provocative and false, Ministry of Defense told APA. As a result of enemy fire, civilians, civilian infrastructure, and ancient historical buildings were harmed. }}</ref> Subsequently, both a correspondent reporting from the scene for a Russian media outlet and the airport director denied that the airport, which had not been operational since March due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan|COVID-19 pandemic]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Война в Карабахе. Обстрел Степанакерта и удар по Гяндже – Новости на русском языке|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006141402/https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|archive-date=2020-10-06|access-date=2020-10-04|website=BBC News Русская служба|language=ru-RU}}</ref> had been hit while an [[Irish people|Irish]] journalist, [[Orla Guerin]] visited the scene and found no evidence of any military target there.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=Armenia Azerbaijan: Reports of fresh shelling dent ceasefire hopes|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54488386|access-date=11 October 2020|work=BBC News|language=en}}</ref>
Ganja was first hit by a missile on 4 October.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto2" /> Artsakh denied targeting residential areas, but rather military targets, especially [[Ganja International Airport]],<ref name="artsakh1attack">{{Cite web |first=Bethan |last=McKernan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/04/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-accuses-armenia-of-rocket-attack |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan accuses Armenia of rocket attack |date=5 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |work=[[The Washington Post]] }}</ref> and [[Arayik Harutyunyan]], the president of the ''de facto'' [[Republic of Artsakh]], claimed that military facilities permanently located there had been targeting civilians in [[Stepanakert]] using [[Polonez (MRL)|Polonez]] and [[BM-30 Smerch|Smerch]] missiles;<ref name="auto4"/> Azerbaijan denied reports of there being military targets in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/azerbaijan-army-azerbaijani-armed-forces/Azerbaijan's-MOD:-Information-spread-by-Armenians-about-alleged-shelling-of-military-facilities-in-Ganja-city-is-false-332022 |title=Azerbaijan's MOD: Information spread by Armenians about alleged shelling of military facilities in Ganja city is false |website=APA.az |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=4 October 2020 |language=en |quote=The information spread by the Armenian side about the alleged shelling of military facilities in Ganja city is provocative and false, Ministry of Defense told APA. As a result of enemy fire, civilians, civilian infrastructure, and ancient historical buildings were harmed. }}</ref> Subsequently, both a correspondent reporting from the scene for a Russian media outlet and the airport director denied that the airport, which had not been operational since March due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan|COVID-19 pandemic]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Война в Карабахе. Обстрел Степанакерта и удар по Гяндже – Новости на русском языке|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006141402/https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944|archive-date=2020-10-06|access-date=2020-10-04|website=BBC News Русская служба|language=ru-RU}}</ref> had been hit while an [[Irish people|Irish]] journalist, [[Orla Guerin]] visited the scene and found no evidence of any military target there.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=Armenia Azerbaijan: Reports of fresh shelling dent ceasefire hopes|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54488386|access-date=11 October 2020|work=BBC News|language=en}}</ref>


According to [[Human Rights Watch]], two residential buildings, one of them a multi-family structure, were destroyed and about 30 houses were damaged on Ali Nizami Street.<ref name="hrw" /> As a result of the attack, one civilian was killed, while 30 were injured.<ref name="1attackcasualities">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-54364455 |title=Gəncə niyə raket atəşinə tutuldu? |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=az |publisher=[[BBC|BBC Azerbaijani Service]] }}</ref>
According to [[Human Rights Watch]], two residential buildings, one of them a multi-family structure, were destroyed and about 30 houses were damaged on Ali Nizami Street.<ref name="hrw" /> As a result of the attack, one civilian was killed, while 30 were injured.<ref name="1attackcasualities">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-54364455 |title=Gəncə niyə raket atəşinə tutuldu? |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=az |publisher=[[BBC|BBC Azerbaijani Service]] }}</ref>
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=== Third attack ===
=== Third attack ===
A day after the ceasefire signed on 10 October, at 02:00 local time the [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence]] stated that Armenian armed forces in [[Berd]], Armenia,<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=Город Гянджа вновь подвергается обстрелу с территории Армении|url=https://mod.gov.az/ru/news/gorod-gyandzha-vnov-podvergaetsya-obstrelu-s-territorii-armenii-32883.html|access-date=11 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref> had fired upon [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=MoD: Ganja city once again comes under fire from Armenia|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/MoD:-Ganja-city-once-again-comes-under-fire-from-Armenia-332626|access-date=11 October 2020|language=en|quote=Armenian armed forces are once again shelling the Ganja city, Azerbaijan's Ministry of Defence reported.}}</ref> with a [[Scud missile]];<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 October 2020|title=Ganja was fired from "Scud" missile, and not "Tochka-U"|url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/10/free/politics%20news/en/128604.htm|access-date=12 October 2020|language=en|quote=missile strike on a residential area of the city of Ganja was carried out by a Scud missile, said Gazanfar Ahmedov, executive director of the National Agency for Mine Action (ANAMA).|agency=[[Turan Information Agency]]}}</ref> the missile hit an apartment building,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Хрупкое перемирие в Карабахе. Азербайджанский город Гянджа вновь попал под ракетный удар|url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9687931|access-date=2020-10-13|website=ТАСС}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-12|title=Гянджа: гуманитарное перемирие под ракетным ударом|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-54506953|access-date=2020-10-13|website=BBC News Русская служба|language=ru}}</ref> completely destroying it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/nagorno-karabakh-truce-under-severe-strain-both-armenia-azerbaijan-allege-n1242840 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce under severe strain as both Armenia and Azerbaijan allege violations |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |work=[[NBC News]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/deaths-in-nagorno-karabakh-as-shelling-breaks-cease-fire/a-55234100 |title=Deaths in Nagorno-Karabakh as shelling breaks cease-fire |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] }}</ref> Search and rescue teams shortly afterwards arrived at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201011-armenia-azerbaijan-continue-to-levy-charges-of-civilian-strikes-after-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia, Azerbaijan trade accusations as civilian areas hit despite truce |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[France24]] }}</ref> During the attack, significant infrastructure in the city was completely destroyed,<ref>{{Cite web |first=Orla |last=Guerin |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54522278 |title=Karabakh war leaves civilians shell-shocked and bitter |date=15 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-54515799 |title=Qarabağda atəşkəs: Xankəndində nə deyirlər? -BBC Ruscanın müxbiri yazır |date=13 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=az |publisher=[[BBC|BBC Azerbaijani]] }}</ref> including 31 apartment buildings,<ref name="MoES" /> and structures and vehicles in the vicinity of the explosion were seriously damaged.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Nailia |last1=Bagirova |first2=Nvard |last2=Hovhannisyan |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-idUSKBN26W098 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce frays as both sides allege attacks |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Reuters]] }}</ref> The attack affected 205 people in a total of 95 apartments;<ref name="MoES">{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3315529.html |title=Azerbaijani ministry's special commission assessing damage caused to Ganja by Armenia's missile strike |date=12 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |language=en |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] }}</ref> The attack killed ten people,<ref name="2attackcasualities">{{Cite web |first=Jamie |last=Dettmer |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/why-azerbaijan-fighting |title=Why is Azerbaijan Fighting? |date=12 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Voice of America]] }}</ref> and 40 were injured, with women and children among the victims.<ref name="2attackwounded">{{Cite web |first1=Elizabeth |last1=Melimopoulos |first2=Linah |last2=Alsaafin |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/11/seven-dead-by-overnight-armenian-shelling-baku-says-live |title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce frays as both sides allege attacks: Live |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref> Armenia denied the responsibility of the Armenian forces for the attack, calling it an "absolute lie."<ref name=":0" /><ref name="auto3"/>
A day after the ceasefire signed on 10 October, at 02:00 local time the [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence]] stated that Armenian armed forces in [[Berd]], Armenia,<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=Город Гянджа вновь подвергается обстрелу с территории Армении|url=https://mod.gov.az/ru/news/gorod-gyandzha-vnov-podvergaetsya-obstrelu-s-territorii-armenii-32883.html|access-date=11 October 2020|language=ru}}</ref> had fired upon [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 October 2020|title=MoD: Ganja city once again comes under fire from Armenia|url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/MoD:-Ganja-city-once-again-comes-under-fire-from-Armenia-332626|access-date=11 October 2020|language=en|quote=Armenian armed forces are once again shelling the Ganja city, Azerbaijan's Ministry of Defence reported.}}</ref> with a [[Scud missile]];<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 October 2020|title=Ganja was fired from "Scud" missile, and not "Tochka-U"|url=https://www.turan.az/ext/news/2020/10/free/politics%20news/en/128604.htm|access-date=12 October 2020|language=en|quote=missile strike on a residential area of the city of Ganja was carried out by a Scud missile, said Gazanfar Ahmedov, executive director of the National Agency for Mine Action (ANAMA).|agency=[[Turan Information Agency]]}}</ref> the missile hit an apartment building,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Хрупкое перемирие в Карабахе. Азербайджанский город Гянджа вновь попал под ракетный удар|url=https://tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/9687931|access-date=2020-10-13|website=ТАСС}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-12|title=Гянджа: гуманитарное перемирие под ракетным ударом|url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-54506953|access-date=2020-10-13|website=BBC News Русская служба|language=ru}}</ref> completely destroying it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/nagorno-karabakh-truce-under-severe-strain-both-armenia-azerbaijan-allege-n1242840 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce under severe strain as both Armenia and Azerbaijan allege violations |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |work=[[NBC News]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/deaths-in-nagorno-karabakh-as-shelling-breaks-cease-fire/a-55234100 |title=Deaths in Nagorno-Karabakh as shelling breaks cease-fire |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] }}</ref> Search and rescue teams shortly afterwards arrived at the scene.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201011-armenia-azerbaijan-continue-to-levy-charges-of-civilian-strikes-after-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia, Azerbaijan trade accusations as civilian areas hit despite truce |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[France24]] }}</ref> During the attack, significant infrastructure in the city was completely destroyed,<ref>{{Cite web |first=Orla |last=Guerin |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54522278 |title=Karabakh war leaves civilians shell-shocked and bitter |date=15 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/azeri/azerbaijan-54515799 |title=Qarabağda atəşkəs: Xankəndində nə deyirlər? -BBC Ruscanın müxbiri yazır |date=13 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=az |publisher=[[BBC|BBC Azerbaijani]] }}</ref> including 31 apartment buildings,<ref name="MoES" /> and structures and vehicles in the vicinity of the explosion were seriously damaged.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Nailia |last1=Bagirova |first2=Nvard |last2=Hovhannisyan |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/armenia-azerbaijan-idUSKBN26W098 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce frays as both sides allege attacks |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Reuters]] }}</ref> The attack affected 205 people in a total of 95 apartments;<ref name="MoES">{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3315529.html |title=Azerbaijani ministry's special commission assessing damage caused to Ganja by Armenia's missile strike |date=12 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |language=en |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] }}</ref> The attack killed ten people,<ref name="2attackcasualities">{{Cite web |first=Jamie |last=Dettmer |url=https://www.voanews.com/south-central-asia/why-azerbaijan-fighting |title=Why is Azerbaijan Fighting? |date=12 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Voice of America]] }}</ref> and 40 were injured, with women and children among the victims.<ref name="2attackwounded">{{Cite web |first1=Elizabeth |last1=Melimopoulos |first2=Linah |last2=Alsaafin |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/11/seven-dead-by-overnight-armenian-shelling-baku-says-live |title=Nagorno-Karabakh truce frays as both sides allege attacks: Live |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] }}</ref>


[[Human Rights Watch]] confirmed that Armenian forces had fired a Scud-B ballistic missile that detonated in a residential neighbourhood, killing 10 civilians and wounding 34 others. It observed a massive crater and more than 20 damaged or destroyed buildings in the area, behind a row of multi-story commercial buildings.<ref name="hrw" />
[[Human Rights Watch]] confirmed that Armenian forces had fired a Scud-B ballistic missile that detonated in a residential neighbourhood, killing 10 civilians and wounding 34 others. It observed a massive crater and more than 20 damaged or destroyed buildings in the area, behind a row of multi-story commercial buildings.<ref name="hrw" />
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=== Fourth attack ===
=== Fourth attack ===
On 17 October, at approximately 01:00 local time, Azerbaijani authorities stated that Armenian forces had fired [[Scud missile]]s<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Hikmet-Hajiyev-According-to-ANAMA-missiles-fired-to-Ganja-is-SCUDElbrus-Operative-Tactical-Ballistic-Missile-333144 |title=Hikmet Hajiyev: According to ANAMA missiles fired to Ganja is SCUD/Elbrus Operative-Tactical Ballistic Missile |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |website=APA.az |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> at Ganja;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/europe/azerbaijan-says-12-killed-40-wounded-missile-attack-ganja |title=Azerbaijan Says 12 Killed, 40 Wounded in ballistic missile attack on Ganja |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/355427/ |title=Два города в Азербайджане попали под ракетный обстрел |publisher=[[Caucasian Knot]] |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> journalists reported three powerful explosions in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f8a1443c898d102e444461c%26%D0%9F%D0%BE%20%D0%93%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%262020-10-16T21%3A44%3A37.840Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:f26d7946-75a5-4b3b-9a7d-8b8bca4c47b2&pinned_post_asset_id=5f8a1443c898d102e444461c&pinned_post_type=share |title=По Гяндже снова ударили ракеты |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[BBC Russian Service]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> According to a ''[[RIA Novosti]]'' correspondent, the missiles struck densely populated residential areas of the city, leveling several rows of residential and other buildings,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/twelve-killed-in-missile-strike-on-azerbaijans-ganja-prosecutor/articleshow/78715782.cms |title=Twelve killed in missile strike on Azerbaijan's Ganja: Prosecutor |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=17 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan says civilians killed by Armenia in Ganja: Live|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/17/casualties-after-armenian-attack-targets-ganja-live-updates|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=17 October 2020|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref> the first being less than two kilometers (1.2mi) away from the city hall<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201017/gyandzha-1580227276.html |title=Спасатели ищут выживших на месте нового ракетного удара в Гяндже |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[RIA Novosti]] |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> and the second in Kapaz District in the east of the city.<ref name="riakapaz">{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201017/gyandzha-1580229545.html |title=Один человек погиб при втором ракетном ударе по Гяндже |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[RIA Novosti]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref>
On 17 October, at approximately 01:00 local time, Azerbaijani authorities stated that Armenian forces had fired [[Scud missile]]s<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apa.az/en/frontline-news/Hikmet-Hajiyev-According-to-ANAMA-missiles-fired-to-Ganja-is-SCUDElbrus-Operative-Tactical-Ballistic-Missile-333144 |title=Hikmet Hajiyev: According to ANAMA missiles fired to Ganja is SCUD/Elbrus Operative-Tactical Ballistic Missile |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |website=APA.az |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> at Ganja;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/europe/azerbaijan-says-12-killed-40-wounded-missile-attack-ganja |title=Azerbaijan Says 12 Killed, 40 Wounded in ballistic missile attack on Ganja |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[Voice of America]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kavkaz-uzel.eu/articles/355427/ |title=Два города в Азербайджане попали под ракетный обстрел |publisher=[[Caucasian Knot]] |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> journalists reported three powerful explosions in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-54317944?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=5f8a1443c898d102e444461c%26%D0%9F%D0%BE%20%D0%93%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%20%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%262020-10-16T21%3A44%3A37.840Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:f26d7946-75a5-4b3b-9a7d-8b8bca4c47b2&pinned_post_asset_id=5f8a1443c898d102e444461c&pinned_post_type=share |title=По Гяндже снова ударили ракеты |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[BBC Russian Service]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> According to a ''[[RIA Novosti]]'' correspondent, the missiles struck densely populated residential areas of the city, leveling several rows of residential and other buildings,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/twelve-killed-in-missile-strike-on-azerbaijans-ganja-prosecutor/articleshow/78715782.cms |title=Twelve killed in missile strike on Azerbaijan's Ganja: Prosecutor |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=17 October 2020|title=Azerbaijan says civilians killed by Armenia in Ganja: Live|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/17/casualties-after-armenian-attack-targets-ganja-live-updates|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=17 October 2020|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref> the first being less than two kilometers (1.2mi) away from the city hall<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201017/gyandzha-1580227276.html |title=Спасатели ищут выживших на месте нового ракетного удара в Гяндже |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[RIA Novosti]] |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> and the second in Kapaz District in the east of the city.<ref name="riakapaz">{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201017/gyandzha-1580229545.html |title=Один человек погиб при втором ракетном ударе по Гяндже |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[RIA Novosti]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref>
Vasily Polonsky, a "''[[Dozhd]]''" correspondent, stated that there were no military bases and important targets near the places struck by the missiles.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Vasily |last1=Polonsky |first2=Alexey |last2=Korostelev |first3=Denis |last3=Kataev |url=https://tvrain.ru/teleshow/here_and_now/konflikt_v_karabahe-517839/ |title="Квартал уничтожен под ноль". Как выживают люди в Шуше, Степанакерте и Гяндже |publisher=[[Dozhd]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> According to local authorities, approximately 20 houses were destroyed,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201017/azerbaydzhan-1580222754.html |title=В Азербайджане заявили, что при обстреле Гянджи разрушены 20 домов |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[RIA Novosti]] |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> trapping many civilians under the rubble.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnnturk.com/video/dunya/son-dakika-haberi-ermenistan-yine-genceyi-vurdu |title=Son dakika haberi... Ermenistan yine Gence'yi vurdu! |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[CNN Türk]] |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=tr }}</ref> Search and rescue teams of the [[Ministry of Emergency Situations (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Emergency Situations]] and servicemen of the [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense]] arrived at the scene<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vestikavkaza.ru/news/armanskie-vojska-vnov-obstrelivaut-gandzu-i-mingacevir.html |title=Армянские войска вновь обстреливают Гянджу и Мингячевир. Есть жертвы (ВИДЕО и ФОТО) |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=Vestnik Kavkaza |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> and called in sniffer dogs<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/17/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-says-12-civilians-killed-by-shelling-in-ganja |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan says 12 civilians killed by shelling in Ganja |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref> to rescue the wounded and recover the dead; Armenia denied responsibility for the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ՀՀ օդային տարածքում ՀՀ ԶՈՒ ՀՕՊ ստորաբաժանումները խոցել են հակառակորդի երկու ԱԹՍ. Շուշան Ստեփանյան |url=https://www.auroranews.am/news/2020-10-17-hh-odayin-taratsqum-hh-zo%D6%82-hop-storabazhanumnery-khotsel-en-hakarakordi-erku-ats-shushan-stepanyan |website=Aurora News |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=hy }}</ref>
Vasily Polonsky, a "''[[Dozhd]]''" correspondent, stated that there were no military bases and important targets near the places struck by the missiles.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Vasily |last1=Polonsky |first2=Alexey |last2=Korostelev |first3=Denis |last3=Kataev |url=https://tvrain.ru/teleshow/here_and_now/konflikt_v_karabahe-517839/ |title="Квартал уничтожен под ноль". Как выживают люди в Шуше, Степанакерте и Гяндже |publisher=[[Dozhd]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> According to local authorities, approximately 20 houses were destroyed,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201017/azerbaydzhan-1580222754.html |title=В Азербайджане заявили, что при обстреле Гянджи разрушены 20 домов |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[RIA Novosti]] |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> trapping many civilians under the rubble.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnnturk.com/video/dunya/son-dakika-haberi-ermenistan-yine-genceyi-vurdu |title=Son dakika haberi... Ermenistan yine Gence'yi vurdu! |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=[[CNN Türk]] |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=tr }}</ref> Search and rescue teams of the [[Ministry of Emergency Situations (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Emergency Situations]] and servicemen of the [[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense]] arrived at the scene<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vestikavkaza.ru/news/armanskie-vojska-vnov-obstrelivaut-gandzu-i-mingacevir.html |title=Армянские войска вновь обстреливают Гянджу и Мингячевир. Есть жертвы (ВИДЕО и ФОТО) |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |publisher=Vestnik Kavkaza |date=16 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref> and called in sniffer dogs to rescue the wounded and recover the dead.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/17/nagorno-karabakh-azerbaijan-says-12-civilians-killed-by-shelling-in-ganja |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Azerbaijan says 12 civilians killed by shelling in Ganja |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref>


As a result of the attack, 15 civilians were killed, including a 13-year-old [[Russia]]n citizen,<ref name="russianciv">{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3322912.html |title=Azerbaijan informs Russian embassy about Russian citizen killed by Armenia's attacks |date=24 October 2020 |access-date=24 October 2020 |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> and 55 were injured.<ref name="riaganjathree">{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201017/gyandzhi-1580236537.html |title=МЧС Азербайджана сообщило о 13 погибших при ракетном обстреле Гянджи |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |website=[[RIA Novosti]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref><ref name="trendcasualities">{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3319860.html |title=Damage to Azerbaijan's Ganja city from Armenian aggression revealed |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=20 October 2020 |access-date=20 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref>
As a result of the attack, 15 civilians were killed, including a 13-year-old [[Russia]]n citizen,<ref name="russianciv">{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3322912.html |title=Azerbaijan informs Russian embassy about Russian citizen killed by Armenia's attacks |date=24 October 2020 |access-date=24 October 2020 |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |language=en }}</ref> and 55 were injured.<ref name="riaganjathree">{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201017/gyandzhi-1580236537.html |title=МЧС Азербайджана сообщило о 13 погибших при ракетном обстреле Гянджи |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |website=[[RIA Novosti]] |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=ru }}</ref><ref name="trendcasualities">{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3319860.html |title=Damage to Azerbaijan's Ganja city from Armenian aggression revealed |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] |date=20 October 2020 |access-date=20 October 2020 |language=en }}</ref>
Line 86: Line 86:


== Azerbaijani response ==
== Azerbaijani response ==
On 14 October, Azerbaijan stated that it had retaliated for the third attack, claiming the destruction of operational-tactical missile systems in the occupied [[Kalbajar District]], under Artsakh's control.<ref name="hauer" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/legitimate-military-targets-that-have-taken-the-civilian-population-of-azerbaijan-under-the-gunpoint-were-neutralized-32955.html |title=Legitimate military targets that have taken the civilian population of Azerbaijan under the gunpoint were neutralized |date=14 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence]] }}</ref> According to Azerbaijan, the missile launchers had been targeting [[Ganja, Azerbaijan|Ganja]] and [[Mingachevir]]. Armenia confirmed that sites within Armenia had been struck while continuing to deny it had attacked Azerbaijan.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Aida |last=Sultanova |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-azerbaijan-archive-armenia-army-a517562831a5aa3995c6652f610c934a |title=Azerbaijan, Armenia report shelling of cities despite truce |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Associated Press]] }}</ref>
On 14 October, Azerbaijan stated that it had retaliated for the third attack, claiming the destruction of operational-tactical missile systems in the occupied [[Kalbajar District]], under Artsakh's control.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mod.gov.az/en/news/legitimate-military-targets-that-have-taken-the-civilian-population-of-azerbaijan-under-the-gunpoint-were-neutralized-32955.html |title=Legitimate military targets that have taken the civilian population of Azerbaijan under the gunpoint were neutralized |date=14 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence]] }}</ref>


Three days later, Azerbaijani president [[Ilham Aliyev]] stated that Azerbaijani forces had retaliated for the fourth attack, seizing control of [[Füzuli (city)|Fuzuli]] and several villages within the [[Fuzuli District|district of the same name]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201017/azerbaydzhan-1580239300.html |title=Алиев заявил о взятии Азербайджаном под контроль города Физули в Карабахе |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=ru |publisher=[[RIA Novosti]] }}</ref>
Three days later, Azerbaijani president [[Ilham Aliyev]] stated that Azerbaijani forces had retaliated for the fourth attack, seizing control of [[Füzuli (city)|Fuzuli]] and several villages within the [[Fuzuli District|district of the same name]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ria.ru/20201017/azerbaydzhan-1580239300.html |title=Алиев заявил о взятии Азербайджаном под контроль города Физули в Карабахе |date=17 October 2020 |access-date=17 October 2020 |language=ru |publisher=[[RIA Novosti]] }}</ref>

Revision as of 00:06, 28 May 2021

2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks
Part of 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
Ruins in Ganja after the attacks.
2020 Ganja missile attacks is located in Ganja, Azerbaijan
2020 Ganja missile attacks
2020 Ganja missile attacks
2020 Ganja missile attacks
2020 Ganja missile attacks
2020 Ganja missile attacks
Locations of the ballistic missile attacks
First attack
Second attack
Third attack
Fourth attack
LocationGanja, Azerbaijan
Date
  • 4 October 2020
  • 8 October 2020
  • 10 October 2020
  • 17 October 2020 (GMT+4)
Attack type
Ballistic missile attack
Weapons
Deaths32[1]
Injured125
Perpetrators

The Ganja ballistic missile attacks (Azerbaijani: Gəncə bombalanmaları) comprise four separate ballistic missile attacks on the city of Ganja, Azerbaijan in October 2020, during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. The missile attacks happened one week after Azerbaijan began firing cluster bombs and missiles against Armenian civilian areas in Stepanakert.[2][3][4][5]

The first attack took place on 4 October, killing one civilian and wounding over 30.[6][7] The second attack occurred on 8 October; no casualties were reported.[8] The third attack happened on 11 October. According to Azerbaijan's Foreign Ministry, at least seven people died and 33 were injured, including children.[9] The fourth attack occurred on 17 October. According to initial reports, fifteen civilians were killed and fifty-five injured in the attack.[10][11] Infrastructure was also destroyed, including apartment blocks and other buildings, and vehicles.

The Azerbaijani government described the third attack "an act of genocide".[12]

Background

Main article: 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war

On 27 September 2020, clashes broke out in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region, which is de facto controlled by Artsakh, but de jure part of Azerbaijan.[13] Ganja, the second largest city of Azerbaijan, is home to a population of 335 thousand people;[14] it is situated 97 kilometres (60 mi) north of the Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact and 241 kilometres (150 mi) east of the Armenian-Azerbaijani state border.[15]

On 27 September 2020, Azerbaijan began firing cluster bombs and missiles against civilian areas in the bombardment of Stepanakert.[2][3][4][5] On 4th of October, after the first attack, Arayik Harutyunyan, the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh's president, issued a warning to the Azerbaijani army and civilians for the latter to leave Ganja, claiming that military facilities were permanently located in the city.[16][17][18] On 5 October, spokesman of self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh's president, Vahram Poghosyan echoing the earlier warning of Arayik of Harutyunian, made a statement saying that "A few more days and I am afraid that even archaeologists will not be able to find the place of Ganja. Get sober before it is too late."[19] According to Human Rights Watch, threats of attacks on unspecified targets over an unspecified period, in a language few Azerbaijani civilians can read, were not effective warnings.[1]

Trilateral talks on the conflict between the foreign ministers of Russia, Armenia and Azerbaijan commenced on 9 October 2020 in Moscow.[20] Sergey Lavrov, Zohrab Mnatsakanyan, and Jeyhun Bayramov participated in the talks.[21] Lavrov issued a joint statement following ten hours of talks that ended at 03:00 local time,[22] confirming that a humanitarian ceasefire would come into force at midday.[23][24] Minutes after the truce was due to commence, the two parties blamed each other for violating the ceasefire.[25] Azerbaijan underlined that the ceasefire was temporary and emphasized that it would not renege on its goal to retake control of the region.[26]

Attacks

First attack

External videos
video icon Footage shows shelling in city of Ganja on YouTube

Ganja was first hit by a missile on 4 October.[6][7] Artsakh denied targeting residential areas, but rather military targets, especially Ganja International Airport,[27] and Arayik Harutyunyan, the president of the de facto Republic of Artsakh, claimed that military facilities permanently located there had been targeting civilians in Stepanakert using Polonez and Smerch missiles;[16] Azerbaijan denied reports of there being military targets in the city.[28] Subsequently, both a correspondent reporting from the scene for a Russian media outlet and the airport director denied that the airport, which had not been operational since March due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[29] had been hit while an Irish journalist, Orla Guerin visited the scene and found no evidence of any military target there.[30]

According to Human Rights Watch, two residential buildings, one of them a multi-family structure, were destroyed and about 30 houses were damaged on Ali Nizami Street.[1] As a result of the attack, one civilian was killed, while 30 were injured.[31]

Second attack

Ganja was again hit on 8 October. No civilian casualties were reported, but a number of residential buildings and a school were damaged.[8][1]

Third attack

A day after the ceasefire signed on 10 October, at 02:00 local time the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence stated that Armenian armed forces in Berd, Armenia,[32] had fired upon Ganja[33] with a Scud missile;[34] the missile hit an apartment building,[35][36] completely destroying it.[37][38] Search and rescue teams shortly afterwards arrived at the scene.[39] During the attack, significant infrastructure in the city was completely destroyed,[40][41] including 31 apartment buildings,[42] and structures and vehicles in the vicinity of the explosion were seriously damaged.[43] The attack affected 205 people in a total of 95 apartments;[42] The attack killed ten people,[44] and 40 were injured, with women and children among the victims.[45]

Human Rights Watch confirmed that Armenian forces had fired a Scud-B ballistic missile that detonated in a residential neighbourhood, killing 10 civilians and wounding 34 others. It observed a massive crater and more than 20 damaged or destroyed buildings in the area, behind a row of multi-story commercial buildings.[1]

Fourth attack

On 17 October, at approximately 01:00 local time, Azerbaijani authorities stated that Armenian forces had fired Scud missiles[46] at Ganja;[47][48] journalists reported three powerful explosions in the city.[49] According to a RIA Novosti correspondent, the missiles struck densely populated residential areas of the city, leveling several rows of residential and other buildings,[50][51] the first being less than two kilometers (1.2mi) away from the city hall[52] and the second in Kapaz District in the east of the city.[53] Vasily Polonsky, a "Dozhd" correspondent, stated that there were no military bases and important targets near the places struck by the missiles.[54] According to local authorities, approximately 20 houses were destroyed,[55] trapping many civilians under the rubble.[56] Search and rescue teams of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Emergency Situations and servicemen of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense arrived at the scene[57] and called in sniffer dogs to rescue the wounded and recover the dead.[58]

As a result of the attack, 15 civilians were killed, including a 13-year-old Russian citizen,[11] and 55 were injured.[59][10]

Human Rights Watch confirmed that Armenian forces had used Scud-B ballistic missiles on two residential neighbourhoods in Ganja at about 1 a.m., killing 21 civilians, including five who had died of their wounds after the attack. They observed 10 houses destroyed and over 20 damaged at the site. Almost simultaneously with the attack, a second Scud-B missile hit another neighbourhood in the city. The attack destroyed or left uninhabitable 15 family homes and damaged 40 to 50 others. Human Rights Watch observed a large crater and dozens of damaged or destroyed residential buildings and munition remnants scattered at the blast site.[1]

Azerbaijani response

On 14 October, Azerbaijan stated that it had retaliated for the third attack, claiming the destruction of operational-tactical missile systems in the occupied Kalbajar District, under Artsakh's control.[60]

Three days later, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev stated that Azerbaijani forces had retaliated for the fourth attack, seizing control of Fuzuli and several villages within the district of the same name.[61]

Reactions

An ANAMA employee standing among the ruins of destroyed residential buildings in Ganja after the Armenian ballistic missile attacks.

The attacks were strongly condemned by the Azerbaijani government, which labeled the third attack "an act of genocide against the Azerbaijani people we have witnessed since the Khojaly Massacre".[12] Aliyev described the third attack as a war crime and a "gross" violation of the ceasefire, promising a "befitting retaliation".[62] He also described the fourth attack as a war crime and promised to retaliate,[63] adding that Azerbaijan would "punish" Armenia if the international community did not react,[64] while the Azerbaijani ombudsman Sabina Aliyeva accused Armenia of supporting terrorism.[65]

Internationally, the third and fourth attacks were condemned by Turkey,[66] which described the latter as a war crime.[67] The Qatari,[68] Malay,[69] Swiss,[70] British,[71] and Japanese[72] ambassadors to Azerbaijan expressed their condolences for the third attack, while the European Union condemned the fourth attack[73] and UN Secretary-General António Guterres described it as unacceptable.[74] Artsakh authorities, who had called for Ganja to be evacuated, published a list mentioning military targets within the city.[75]

On 16 October, Azerbaijanis, Iranian Azerbaijanis, and Turks living in the United Kingdom gathered in front of Amnesty International's London headquarters and held a protest rally, condemning the Armenian Armed Forces’ shelling of residential areas and civilians in Ganja, Mingachevir, Tartar, and other regions.[76] The next day, Azerbaijani Americans held a rally in Chicago, condemning the ballistic missile attacks.[77] The following day, British Azerbaijanis commemorated those killed during the attacks in front of the Azerbaijani embassy in London,[78] while Georgian Azerbaijanis held a rally in front of the Parliament Building in Tbilisi.[79] The same day, Russian Azerbaijanis dedicated part of the entrance of Azerbaijan's embassy to Russia in Moscow to the memory of the victims of the 17 October attack.[80]

On November 23, Aziz Sancar, a Nobel laureate in chemistry from Turkey, transferred a significant amount of money to a specially created bank account to cover the future education expenses of Khadija Shahnazarova, a toddler who lost both her parents in the 17 October attack.[81]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Armenia: Unlawful Rocket, Missile Strikes on Azerbaijan". hrw.org. Human Rights Watch. 11 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues". BBC News. 4 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020. The self-proclaimed authorities there said they hit Ganja's military airport after Azerbaijani forces shelled the region's capital, Stepanakert...They said they had acted after Stepanakert was hit by missiles and alleged the Ganja facility had been used by Azerbaijani forces to launch attacks on civilian areas.
  3. ^ a b "Artsakh President: The strike on Ganja was a warning". Mediamax.am. Retrieved 4 October 2020. Harutyunyan has underlined that Azerbaijan was the first to violate the international law by targeting civilian population.
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  5. ^ a b "Foreign Minister Zohrab Mnatsakanyan's interview to BBC Newshour". mfa.am. 18 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020. BBC: Why is Armenia targeting civilians in Ganja, Azerbaijan's second largest city? Zohrab Mnatsakanyan: When it comes to the civilians we have been very vocal about it. For three weeks Stepanakert, the capital of Nagorno-Karabakh, Sushi, Martakert, Martuni, Hadrut and hundreds of villages have been under consistent fire, consistent shelling, consistent bombing by UAVs, Turkish made Bayraktars, air controlled by the Turkish air force. Rocket launchers, Grad, Smerch, tanks, the aviation everything has been falling on those civilian settlements and civilian infrastructure. The situation for our compatriots is absolutely dire. There are many, many displaced people. People are living in shelters. Electricity, water have been destroyed. This much suffering day after day everyday this is happening to our compatriots in Nagorno-Karabakh. Azerbaijan doesn't understand the language of civility.
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  34. ^ "Ganja was fired from "Scud" missile, and not "Tochka-U"". Turan Information Agency. 12 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020. missile strike on a residential area of the city of Ganja was carried out by a Scud missile, said Gazanfar Ahmedov, executive director of the National Agency for Mine Action (ANAMA).
  35. ^ "Хрупкое перемирие в Карабахе. Азербайджанский город Гянджа вновь попал под ракетный удар". ТАСС. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
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External links

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