List of fires in high-rise buildings: Difference between revisions
Appearance
Content deleted Content added
Removing notice of move discussion |
No edit summary Tag: Reverted |
||
Line 992: | Line 992: | ||
[[Category:Skyscrapers]] |
[[Category:Skyscrapers]] |
||
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]] |
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]] |
||
Notrtre Damm |
Revision as of 00:06, 26 January 2022
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2007) |
A skyscraper fire or high-rise fire is a class of structural fire specific to tall buildings. Skyscraper fires are technically challenging for fire departments: they require unusually high degrees of organization and cooperation between participating firefighting units to contain and extinguish. Skyscraper fires are often multiple-alarm fires.
Notable fires in history
Building | Height (m) | City | Country | Date | Death(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central Tower | 91m[1] | San Francisco | United States | April 18, 1906 | ? | Burned in the aftermath of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake |
Merchants Exchange Building | 69m[2] | San Francisco | April 18, 1906 | ? | Burned in the aftermath of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake | |
Old Chronicle Building | 95m[3] | San Francisco | April 18, 1906 | ? | Burned in the aftermath of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake | |
Mutual Bank Building | San Francisco | April 18, 1906 | ? | Burned in the aftermath of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake | ||
Asch Building | 48m[4] | New York City | March 25, 1911 | 146 | Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire | |
The Sherry-Netherland | 171m[5] | New York City | April 12, 1927 | 0 | Occurred during construction | |
Empire State Building | 381m[6] | New York City | July 28, 1945 | 14 | Plane crash | |
40 Wall Street | 283m[7] | New York City | May 20, 1946 | 5 | Plane crash | |
La Salle Hotel | Chicago | June 5, 1946 | 61 | Electrical fire likely | ||
Winecoff Hotel | 59m[8] | Atlanta | December 7, 1946 | 119 | Deadliest hotel fire in U.S. history | |
Ronan Point | 64m[9] | London | United Kingdom | May 16, 1968 | 4 | Gas explosion caused partial collapse of the highrise. |
1 New York Plaza | 192m[10] | New York City | United States | August 5, 1970 | 2 | |
Taeyongak Hotel | 72.6m | Seoul | South Korea | December 25, 1971 | 163 | Daeyeonggak Hotel fire, deadliest hotel fire in history |
Andraus Building | 115m[11] | São Paulo | Brazil | February 24, 1972 | 16 | |
Rault Tower | New Orleans | United States | November 29, 1972 | 6 | ||
Avianca Building | Bogotá | Colombia | July 23, 1973 | 4 | ||
City-Haus | 142m | Frankfurt | Germany | August 23, 1973 | 0 | Occurred during construction |
Joelma Building | 82.5m | São Paulo | Brazil | February 1, 1974 | 179–189 | Joelma fire |
One World Trade Center | 417m | New York City | United States | February 13, 1975 | 0 | |
Campbell Shopping Complex | 66m | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | April 8, 1976 | 1 | Campbell Shopping Complex fire |
Bank Bumiputra | Kuala Lumpur | November 4, 1980 | ||||
MGM Grand Hotel | 85.8m | Las Vegas | United States | November 21, 1980 | 84 | MGM Grand fire |
Las Vegas Hilton | 114m | Las Vegas | February 10, 1981 | 8 | Arson | |
Torre Santa María | Santiago | Chile | March 21, 1981 | 11 | Occurred when carpet glue ignited during carpet installation.[12] | |
Al Rasheed Hotel | 59.4m | Baghdad | Iraq | July 21, 1982 | 1 | Plane crash-Suicide by F-4 Phantom during Iran-Iraq War |
Northwestern National Bank | 52.8m | Minneapolis | United States | November 25–26, 1982 | 0 | Minneapolis Thanksgiving Day fire |
KOMTAR | 248.7m | Penang | Malaysia | January 23, 1983 | 0 | |
Prudential Tower | 276m | Boston | United States | January 2, 1986 | 0 | A nine-alarm fire in the building spread because of the lack of a sprinkler system.[13][14] |
Dupont Plaza Hotel | Condado, Puerto Rico | United States | December 31, 1986 | 97 | Dupont Plaza Hotel arson | |
Schomburg Plaza | New York City | United States | March 22, 1987 | 7 | ||
Hotel International | 85m | Zurich | Switzerland | February 14, 1988 | 6 | Deadliest high-rise fire in Swiss history |
First Interstate Tower | 261.52m | Los Angeles | United States | May 4, 1988 | 1 | First Interstate Tower fire |
Peachtree 25th Building | 33m | Atlanta | June 30, 1989 | 1 | ||
One Meridian Plaza | 150m | Philadelphia | February 23–24, 1991 | 3 | Occurred when rags ignited, fire spread uncontrollably after all fire protection systems failed.[15] Later torn down. | |
UNITIC Twin Towers | 105.5m | Sarajevo | Bosnia and Herzegovina | May 28, 1992 | Burned after being repeatedly hit by Serbian incendiary tank shells. | |
Executive Council Building | 69.3m | Sarajevo | May 28, 1992 | Burned after being repeatedly hit by Serbian incendiary tank shells. | ||
Groeneveen and Kruitberg | 33m | Amsterdam | Netherlands | October 4, 1992 | 43 | El Al Flight 1862 plane crash, Partial collapse |
One World Trade Center | 417m | New York City | United States | February 26, 1993 | 6 | Bombing which also resulted in 1,042 smoke related injuries |
Stratosphere Tower | 350.2m | Las Vegas | August 30, 1993 | 0 | Occurred during construction | |
White House (Moscow) | Moscow | Russia | October 8, 1993 | 187 | Caught fire from tank shelling during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis | |
Hotel Olympik | 73m | Prague | Czech Republic | May 25, 1995 | 8 | |
Tower 42 | 183m | London | United Kingdom | January 17, 1996 | 0 | Occurred during refurbishment |
Garley building | 52.8m | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | November 20, 1996 | 41 | 1996 Garley Building fire |
Ušće Tower | 115m | Belgrade | Serbia and Montenegro | April 21, 1999 | 0 | Struck by NATO air strikes during the Kosovo War setting the upper floors on fire. |
Immigration Tower | 181m | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | August 2, 2000 | 2 | Arson |
Ostankino Tower | 540.1m | Moscow | Russia | August 27, 2000 | 3 | Tallest structure in Europe |
1 and 2 World Trade Center | 417m / 415.1m | New York City | United States | September 11, 2001 | 2312 | Plane crashes in the September 11 attacks, causing full structural collapse. |
7 World Trade Center | 190m | New York City | September 11, 2001 | 0 | Full structural collapse caused by debris from the collapse of Building 1 (North tower) of the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks. | |
90 West Street | 98.76m | New York City | September 11, 2001 | 2 | Caused by debris from the collapse of Building 2 (South Tower) of the World Trade Center: September 11 attacks | |
130 Cedar Street | 50m | New York City | September 11, 2001 | 0 | Caused by debris from the collapse of Building 2 (South Tower) of the World Trade Center: September 11 attacks | |
Pirelli Tower | 127m | Milan | Italy | April 18, 2002 | 3 | Plane crash |
Cook County Administration Building | Chicago | United States | October 17, 2003 | 6 | Seven other seriously injured, fire thought to have been arson[16][17] | |
Al Rasheed Hotel | 59.4m | Baghdad | Iraq | December 26, 2003 | 1 | Twenty-eight 68 mm and 85 mm Katyusha rockets were fired at and struck the hotel |
Parque Central Complex east tower | 255m | Caracas | Venezuela | October 17, 2004 | 0 | Damage to 34th-44th floors |
LaSalle National Bank Building | 163.1m | Chicago | United States | December 7, 2004 | 0 | 25 injured[18] |
Harrow Court | 56.1m | Hertfordshire | United Kingdom | February 2, 2005 | 3 | Harrow Court fire |
Windsor Tower | 106m | Madrid | Spain | February 12, 2005 | 0 | Partially collapsed; subsequently demolished |
Tohid Town Residential | 33m | Tehran | Iran | December 6, 2005 | 106 | Plane crash: 2005 Iranian Air Force C-130 crash |
Transport Tower | 112.2m | Astana | Kazakhstan | May 30, 2006 | 0 | Fire destroyed upper floors of 34-story government building |
Belaire Apartments | 156m | New York City | United States | October 11, 2006 | 2 | Plane crash |
Fortune Tower | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | January 18, 2007 | 4 | Occurred during construction, 57 injured | |
Shanghai World Financial Center | 494.3m | Shanghai | China | August 14, 2007 | 0 | Occurred on 40th floor during construction |
Deutsche Bank Building | 157.6m | New York City | United States | August 18, 2007 | 2 | Occurred during dismantling, demolished due to damage from the September 11 attacks |
The Water Club | 125.4m | Atlantic City | September 23, 2007 | 0 | Occurred during construction.[19] | |
Monte Carlo Resort and Casino | 110m | Las Vegas | January 25, 2008 | 0 | Fire affecting top six floors | |
Abraj Al Bait Towers | 601m | Mecca | Saudi Arabia | October 28, 2008 | 0 | Occurred during construction; fire consumed nine floors |
Beijing Television Cultural Center | 159m | Beijing | China | February 9, 2009 | 1 | Beijing Television Cultural Center fire |
Bashundhara City Tower | 62.7m | Dhaka | Bangladesh | March 13, 2009 | 4 | |
Abraj Al Bait Towers | Mecca | Saudi Arabia | May 1, 2009 | 0 | Occurred during construction | |
Lakanal House | 46.2m | London | United Kingdom | July 3, 2009 | 6 | Lakanal House fire |
Wooshin Golden Suites | Busan | South Korea | September 1, 2010 | 0 | Wooshin Golden Suites fire | |
Unnamed high-rise apartment block | 85m | Shanghai | China | November 15, 2010 | 58 | Occurred during renovation; 2010 Shanghai fire |
Dynasty Wanxin building complex Towers A and B (Tower C was unaffected) | Shenyang | February 3, 2011 | 0 | Started from fireworks during Chinese New Year Celebrations.[20] | ||
Unnamed Highrise | Hanoi | Vietnam | December 15, 2011 | 0 | Fire occurred during construction, 11 workers injured.[21] | |
Uncompleted high rise block | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | January 18, 2012 | 0 | [22] | |
Fico Place | Bangkok | Thailand | March 3, 2012 | 0 | Two firemen injured[23] | |
Federation Tower (East Tower) | 450m | Moscow | Russia | April 2, 2012 | 0 | Occurred while the building was under construction |
Al Tayer Tower | Sharjah | United Arab Emirates | April 28, 2012 | 0 | [24] | |
Polat Tower Residence | 138.6m | Istanbul | Turkey | July 17, 2012 | 0 | [25] |
Tamweel Tower | 160m | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | November 18, 2012 | 0 | [26] |
Oko Tower 1 | 354.1m | Moscow | Russia | January 25, 2013 | 0 | Fire occurred on 24th floor during construction, one worker was injured.[27] |
Torre Ejecutiva Pemex Tower | 214m | Mexico City | Mexico | January 31, 2013 | 33 | Gas explosion affecting the main building's 14 story annex Torre Ejecutiva Pemex explosion |
Grozny-City Towers | 150m | Grozny | Russia | April 3, 2013 | 0 | [citation needed] |
Jianye Mansion | Guangzhou | China | December 15, 2013 | 0 | [28] | |
The Strand | New York City | United States | January 5, 2014 | 1 | [29] | |
One57 | 410m | New York City | United States | March 15, 2014 | 0 | Fire broke out in the loading dock, then spread to the courtyard and a neighboring property. |
Lotus Park building | Mumbai | India | July 18, 2014 | 1 | [30] | |
Lacrosse Apartments | Melbourne | Australia | November 25, 2014 | 0 | Fire started on an 8th floor balcony and rapidly spread up the facade cladding.[31] | |
Wedgwood Apartments | Castle Hills, Texas | United States | December 28, 2014 | 5 | [32] | |
The Marina Torch | 336.8m | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | February 21, 2015 | 0 | At least 7 people were injured. |
Wisma Kosgoro | Jakarta | Indonesia | March 10, 2015 | 0 | Fire destroyed floors 16–20.[33] | |
Unnamed Highrise | Baku | Azerbaijan | May 19, 2015 | 16 | See 2015 Baku residence building fire | |
Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas | 184m | Las Vegas | United States | July 25, 2015 | 0 | Fire occurred on the pool deck fueled by cabanas and artificial trees; two people were treated for smoke inhalation.[34] |
Unnamed Residential Tower | Sharjah | United Arab Emirates | October 1, 2015 | 0 | Fire burned building facade, 19 treated for smoke inhalation.[35] | |
John Hancock Center | 457m | Chicago | United States | November 21, 2015 | 0 | A two-alarm fire broke out on the 50th floor. Five injured.[36] |
The Address Downtown Dubai | 306.2m | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | December 31, 2015 | 1 | Occurred on New Year's Eve, 14 injured.[37] |
Plasco Building | 42m | Tehran | Iran | January 19, 2017 | 21 | The 17-story building collapsed after a fire started on the ninth floor. Seventy injured.[38] |
Grenfell Tower | 79.2m | London | United Kingdom | June 14, 2017 | 72 | The 24-storey tower block fire spread from the second floor to the top of the building.[39] See Grenfell Tower fire |
Pamchal Chitgar Building | 66m | Tehran | Iran | June 14, 2017 | 0 | The residential 20-storey tower - four injured |
Marco Polo Apartments | 118.8m | Honolulu | United States | July 14, 2017 | 3 | Blaze started on the 26th floor of the 36-story apartments. Fire quickly spread to three more floors, making it a 5-alarm fire. This is the deadliest high-rise fire in Hawaii's history. |
Rotana Hotel Building | 66m | Mashhad | Iran | July 22, 2017 | 0 | Under construction 20-storey hotel |
The Marina Torch | 336.8m | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | August 4, 2017 | 0 | |
Trump Tower | 202m | New York City | United States | April 7, 2018 | 1 | 6 firefighters injured |
Almas Tower | 360m | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | April 22, 2018 | 0 | |
Trump International Hotel and Tower (Baku) | 108.9m | Baku | Azerbaijan | April 28, 2018 | 0 | Involved two separate fires the same day |
Wilton Paes de Almeida Building | 79.2m | São Paulo | Brazil | April 30, 2018 | 1 | Building collapsed shortly after blaze |
Paramis Building | 69.3m | Tehran | Iran | July 22, 2018 | 0 | 21-storey residential building |
Bank of Lisbon building | 108m | Johannesburg | South Africa | September 6, 2018 | 3 | Building demolished/Imploded in 24 Nov 2019 |
FR Tower | Dhaka | Bangladesh | March 28, 2019 | 25 | FR Tower fire | |
AXA Equitable Center | 229.3m | New York City | United States | June 10, 2019 | 1 | 2019 New York City helicopter crash |
Unnamed Highrise | 47.9m | Prešov | Slovakia | December 6, 2019 | 8 | 40 injuries[40] |
Abbco Tower | United Arab Emirates | United Arab Emirates | May 5, 2020 | 1 | 25 injuries, likely started by a discarded cigarette or shisha coals[41] | |
Unnamed Highrise | 42.9m | Czech Republic | Czech Republic | August 9, 2020 | 11 | Bohumín arson attack |
Ulsan Samhwan Art Nouveau apartment building | 108.9m | South Korea | South Korea | October 8, 2020 | 0 | 92 residents and 1 firefighter injured. Ulsan Samhwan Art Nouveau Fire[42] |
Torre dei Moro | 60m | Milan | Italy | August 29, 2021 | 0 | Fire event similar to the Grenfell Tower disaster[43] |
Cheng Chung Cheng Building | Kaohsiung | Taiwan | October 14, 2021 | 46 | 2021 Kaohsiung tower fire | |
World Trade Centre Hong Kong | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | December 15, 2021 | 0 | 13 injured, over 300 trapped on roof[44] | |
Twin Parks North West, Site 4 | New York City | United States | January 9, 2022 | 17 | 2022 Bronx apartment fire |
Gallery
-
Central Tower burns after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake
-
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911
-
Daeyeonggak Hotel fire in 1971
-
Dupont Plaza Hotel arson in 1986
-
Aftermath of the El Al Flight 1862 crash in 1992
-
Aftermath of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing
-
UNITIC Twin Skyscrapers after the Siege of Sarajevo in 1992
-
Executive Council Building during the Siege of Sarajevo in 1992
-
Ostankino Tower fire in 2000
-
The north face of Two World Trade Center (south tower) immediately after being struck by United Airlines Flight 175 in the September 11 attacks
-
7 World Trade Center burns after the collapse of the Twin Towers
-
Windsor Tower after the 2005 fire
-
Aftermath of the 2006 New York City plane crash
-
Deutsche Bank Building fire in 2007
-
Aftermath of the Harrow Court fire in 2007
-
Wooshin Golden Suites fire in 2010
-
A video showing 2010 Shanghai fire
-
Aftermath of the Torre Ejecutiva Pemex explosion in 2013
-
Fire at One57 in 2014.
-
Plasco Building on fire prior to collapse in 2017.
-
Grenfell Tower in the early morning of 14 June 2017.
-
Aftermath of the Bohumín arson attack in 2020.
-
Aftermath of gas explosion in Prešov in 2019.
-
Aftermath of the 2021 Kaohsiung tower fire
See also
- Skyscraper
- Tower block
- Firefighting
- Fire escape
- List of high-rise facade fires
- The Towering Inferno (film)
References
- ^ "Central Tower, San Francisco". EMPORIS. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
- ^ "The Merchants Exchange, San Francisco". EMPORIS. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
- ^ "Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences, San Francisco". EMPORIS. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
- ^ "Brown Building, NYU, New York City". EMPORIS. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
- ^ "Hotel Sherry-Netherland, New York City". EMPORIS. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
- ^ "Empire State Building". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
- ^ "The Trump Building". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
- ^ "Ellis Hotel, Atlanta". EMPORIS. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
- ^ Griffiths, Hugh; Pugsley, Alfred; Saunders, Owen (14 October 1968). Report of the inquiry into the collapse of flats at Ronan Point, Canning Town. London: HMSO. pp. 10.
- ^ "One New York Plaza". Wired New York. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
- ^ "Andraus, São Paulo". EMPORIS. Retrieved 2018-06-26.
- ^ "30 años del incendio de la Torre Santa María: testigos recuerdan la tragedia | Santiago | La Tercera Edición Impresa". Diario.latercera.com. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ "A nine-alarm fire broke out in the 52-story Prudential".
- ^ "Archives". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "30 years ago: 3 Philadelphia firefighters killed in One Meridian Plaza fire". 6abc Action News. 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
{{cite web}}
:|first=
missing|last=
(help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "6 die in Loop blaze". Chicago Tribune. 2003-10-18. Retrieved 2018-06-01.
- ^ "Loop fire deaths ruled homicides". Chicago Tribune. 2004-01-22. Retrieved 2018-06-01.
- ^ "Loop high-rise fire injures 25". Chicago Tribune. 2004-12-07. Retrieved 2018-06-01.
- ^ "Fire damages tower under construction at Borgata casino". New York Daily News. 2007-09-23. Retrieved 2017-06-18.
- ^ "Fireworks blaze destroys 5-star hotel in China - World news - Asia-Pacific - China". NBC News. 2011-02-03. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ "Skyscraper on fire, 11 injured in Vietnam capital | Society | Thanh Nien Daily". Thanhniennews.com. 2011-12-16. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ Daniel, Steven (2012-01-19). "Towering Inferno in KL". The Star. Archived from the original on 2012-01-20. Retrieved 2017-06-16.
- ^ "Fico blaze prompts Bangkok City Hall sprinkler initiative | Bangkok". Bangkok.coconuts.co. 2012-03-06. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ Jacob, Allen; Abdullah, Afkar (2012-04-29). "Towering Inferno in Sharjah". Khaleej Times. Archived from the original on 2012-10-06. Retrieved 2017-06-16.
- ^ "Large fire sweeps through Istanbul 42-storey building - BBC News". Bbc.co.uk. 2012-07-17. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ "JLT's Tamweel Tower fire: Residents recount waking up to nightmare - Emirates 24|7". Emirates247.com. 2012-11-19. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ Reuters Editorial (2013-01-25). "Blaze hits showcase skyscraper in Moscow". Reuters. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
{{cite web}}
:|author=
has generic name (help) - ^ "Archived copy". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Archived from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Fire in Luxury High-Rise Kills One and Displaces Dozens in Hell's Kitchen". The New York Times. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 28 April 2016.
- ^ "Mumbai fire: Fireman killed in Mumbai high rise blaze | Latest News & Gossip on Popular Trends at India.com". Us.india.com. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ Toscano, Nick; Spooner, Rania (2015-04-28). "Docklands apartment tower fire fuelled by material in building's walls, says MFB". The Age. Retrieved 2017-06-16.
- ^ "Five killed in blaze at senior apartments in San Antonio". CBS News. 2014-12-28. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ The Jakarta Post (2015-03-10). "Wisma Kosgoro fire subdued, short circuiting possible cause". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ "Pool Fire at Cosmopolitan Hotel of Las Vegas Fueled by Cabanas, Artificial Plants, Fire Dept. Says - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. 2015-07-25. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ "5 Injured in 2-Alarm Fire at John Hancock Building". NBC Chicago. 2015-11-22. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ Fay Abuelgasim (2015-10-01). "High-rise tower catches fire in Emirati city of Sharjah". Yahoo.com. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ "Fire engulfs Dubai hotel ahead of New Year celebrations - BBC News". BBC News. January 2016. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
- ^ "Tehran fire: Twenty firemen killed as high-rise collapses". BBC. 19 January 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
- ^ "No final Grenfell death toll 'this year'". BBC News. 28 June 2017. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- ^ "ONLINE: VÝBUCH PLYNU V PREŠOVE: Hlásia mŕtvych a ranených". teraz.sk. 2019-12-06. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
- ^ "Sharjah fire probable cause found, 150 buildings to have cladding changed - Gulf News". gulfnews.com. 2020-05-10. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
- ^ "Dozens hospitalized after fire engulfs 33-story apartment building in South Korea - CNN". https://www.cnn.com/. 2020-10-09. Retrieved 2020-10-09.
{{cite web}}
: External link in
(help)|publisher=
- ^ "Milan tower block fire 'reminiscent' of Grenfell disaster, officials say". https://www.euronews.com/. 2021-08-30. Retrieved 2021-10-16.
{{cite web}}
: External link in
(help)|publisher=
- ^ "Hong Kong: Fire at World Trade Centre leaves more than 100 trapped on roof". BBC News. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
External links
- https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/local-news/2172608/bank-of-lisbon-building-site-of-deadly-joburg-fire-to-come-down/
- Windsor Building in Madrid
- East Tower in Caracas
- [1]
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3tMTSWdwvwM
Notrtre Damm