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Qadiani or Qadiyani (Urdu: قادیانی, Hindi: क़ादियानी; pronounced [qɑːd̪ɪjɑːniː]) is a religious slur used to refer to Ahmadi Muslims, primarily in Pakistan.^[1]^[2] The term originates from Qadian, a small town in northern India, the birthplace of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya movement. While it is pejorative^[3] to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, it is used in official Pakistani documents.^[4]

Pakistan officially persecutes Ahmadiyya and uses the term Qadiani to label members of the religion. Pakistan's Second Amendment to the Constitution officially declares Ahmadiyya to be non-Muslims.^[5] Ordinance XX officially labels Ahmadi Muslims as Qadiani and prohibits them from any religious or social practices of the Muslim faith.^[6] The fourth caliph of the community, Mirza Tahir Ahmad, was forced to flee Pakistan under threat of arrest in 1984, prompting a diaspora of followers to the UK, Germany, and Canada.^[7] Ahmadiyya members are targets of death threats by majority Muslims, both inside Pakistan and in diaspora refuges.^[8]

The term is sometimes used in an academic context to distinguish the main Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat, referred to as Qadiani, from the separatist Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam, referred to as Lahori.^[9]

References

^ Antonio R. Gualtieri (1989). Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadis and Orthodoxy in Pakistan. Guernica Editions. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7.
^ "Meaning of qadiyani in English". Rekhta Dictionary. Retrieved 2023-04-01.
^ Farahnaz Ispahani (2 January 2017). Purifying the Land of the Pure: A History of Pakistan's Religious Minorities. Oxford University Press. pp. 105–. ISBN 978-0-19-062167-4.
^ Pakistan Penal Code Chap. XV "Of Offences Relating to Religion" pp. 79–81
^ "Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1974". The Constitution of Pakistan. pakistani.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2001. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
^ Berberian, Linda J. (1987). "Pakistan Ordinance XX of 1984: International Implications on Human Rights". Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review. 9 (3). Retrieved 21 January 2019.
^ "Hadhrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Muslim Spiritual Leader,74". New York Times. 17 May 2003. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
^ Taylor, Jerome (21 October 2010). "Hardliners call for deaths of Surrey Muslims". The Independent (UK). Retrieved 20 January 2020.
^ Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). From Sufism to Ahmadiyya : a Muslim minority movement in South Asia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01529-7. OCLC 907336796.

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[1] Antonio R. Gualtieri (1989). Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadis and Orthodoxy in Pakistan. Guernica Editions. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-920717-41-7.

[2] "Meaning of qadiyani in English". Rekhta Dictionary. Retrieved 2023-04-01.

[Ispahani2017-3] Farahnaz Ispahani (2 January 2017). Purifying the Land of the Pure: A History of Pakistan's Religious Minorities. Oxford University Press. pp. 105–. ISBN 978-0-19-062167-4.

[pakistancode-4] Pakistan Penal Code Chap. XV "Of Offences Relating to Religion" pp. 79–81

[2ndamend-5] "Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1974". The Constitution of Pakistan. pakistani.org. Archived from the original on 28 August 2001. Retrieved 21 January 2020.

[Berberian-6] Berberian, Linda J. (1987). "Pakistan Ordinance XX of 1984: International Implications on Human Rights". Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review. 9 (3). Retrieved 21 January 2019.

[nyt-7] "Hadhrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Muslim Spiritual Leader,74". New York Times. 17 May 2003. Retrieved 24 January 2020.

[8] Taylor, Jerome (21 October 2010). "Hardliners call for deaths of Surrey Muslims". The Independent (UK). Retrieved 20 January 2020.

[9] Khan, Adil Hussain (2015). From Sufism to Ahmadiyya : a Muslim minority movement in South Asia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-01529-7. OCLC 907336796.

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 {{short description|Religious slur}}
 {{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
-'''Qadiani''' or '''Qadiyani''' ({{lang-ur|{{nq|قادیانی}}}}, {{lang-hi|क़ादियानी}}; {{IPA-ur|qɑːd̪ɪjɑːniː|pron}}) is a religious slur used to refer to [[Ahmadi Muslims]], primarily in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite book| author = Antonio R. Gualtieri| title = Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadis and Orthodoxy in Pakistan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA14| year = 1989| publisher = Guernica Editions| isbn = 978-0-920717-41-7| page = 14 }}</ref><ref name="Rekhta2023">{{cite web |title=हिन्दी, इंग्लिश और उर्दू में क़ादियानी के अर्थ |url=https://www.rekhtadictionary.com/meaning-of-qaadiyaanii?lang=hi |publisher=Rekhta Dictionary |access-date=26 March 2023 |language=hi}}</ref> The term originates from [[Qadian]], a small town in northern India, the birthplace of [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], the founder of the [[Ahmadiyya]] movement. While it is pejorative<ref name="Ispahani2017">{{cite book|author=Farahnaz Ispahani|title=Purifying the Land of the Pure: A History of Pakistan's Religious Minorities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jl7ODQAAQBAJ&pg=PT105|date=2 January 2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-062167-4|pages=105–}}</ref> to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, it is used in official Pakistani documents.<ref name="pakistancode">[http://www.fmu.gov.pk/docs/laws/Pakistan%20Penal%20Code.pdf Pakistan Penal Code] Chap. XV "Of Offences Relating to Religion" pp. 79–81</ref>
+'''Qadiani''' or '''Qadiyani''' ({{lang-ur|{{nq|قادیانی}}}}, {{lang-hi|क़ादियानी}}; {{IPA-ur|qɑːd̪ɪjɑːniː|pron}}) is a religious slur used to refer to [[Ahmadi Muslims]], primarily in Pakistan.<ref>{{cite book| author = Antonio R. Gualtieri| title = Conscience and Coercion: Ahmadis and Orthodoxy in Pakistan| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iCwHaOabz7YC&pg=PA14| year = 1989| publisher = Guernica Editions| isbn = 978-0-920717-41-7| page = 14 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Meaning of qadiyani in English |url=https://www.rekhtadictionary.com/meaning-of-qaadiyaanii |access-date=2023-04-01 |website=Rekhta Dictionary |language=en}}</ref> The term originates from [[Qadian]], a small town in northern India, the birthplace of [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], the founder of the [[Ahmadiyya]] movement. While it is pejorative<ref name="Ispahani2017">{{cite book|author=Farahnaz Ispahani|title=Purifying the Land of the Pure: A History of Pakistan's Religious Minorities|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jl7ODQAAQBAJ&pg=PT105|date=2 January 2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-062167-4|pages=105–}}</ref> to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, it is used in official Pakistani documents.<ref name="pakistancode">[http://www.fmu.gov.pk/docs/laws/Pakistan%20Penal%20Code.pdf Pakistan Penal Code] Chap. XV "Of Offences Relating to Religion" pp. 79–81</ref>
 Pakistan officially persecutes Ahmadiyya and uses the term Qadiani to label members of the religion. Pakistan's [[Second Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|Second Amendment to the Constitution]] officially declares Ahmadiyya to be non-Muslims.<ref name="2ndamend">{{cite web |title=Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1974 |url=http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/amendments/2amendment.html |website=The Constitution of Pakistan |publisher=pakistani.org |access-date=21 January 2020 |archive-date=28 August 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010828025648/http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/amendments/2amendment.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Ordinance XX]] officially labels Ahmadi Muslims as Qadiani and prohibits them from any religious or social practices of the Muslim faith.<ref name="Berberian">{{cite journal |last=Berberian |first=Linda J. |date=1987 |title=Pakistan Ordinance XX of 1984: International Implications on Human Rights |url=https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/ilr/vol9/iss3/5 |journal=Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review |volume=9 |issue=3 |access-date=21 January 2019 }}</ref> The [[Ahmadiyya Caliphate|fourth caliph]] of the community, [[Mirza Tahir Ahmad]], was forced to flee Pakistan under threat of arrest in 1984, prompting a [[diaspora]] of followers to [[Islam in the United Kingdom|the UK]], [[Islam in Germany|Germany]], and [[Islam in Canada|Canada]].<ref name="nyt">{{cite news |title=Hadhrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad, Muslim Spiritual Leader,74 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/17/world/hadhrat-mirza-tahir-ahmad-muslim-spiritual-leader74.html |access-date=24 January 2020 |work=New York Times |date=17 May 2003}}</ref> Ahmadiyya members are targets of death threats by majority Muslims, both inside Pakistan and in diaspora refuges.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Jerome |title=Hardliners call for deaths of Surrey Muslims |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/hardliners-call-for-deaths-of-surrey-muslims-2112268.html |access-date=20 January 2020 |work=The Independent (UK) |date=21 October 2010}}</ref>

Revision as of 19:32, 1 April 2023

See also

References