Nahel Merzouk riots: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox civil conflict |
{{Infobox civil conflict |
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| title = <!-- MUST BE THE SAME AS THE TITLE -->Nahel Merzouk protests<!-- MUST BE THE SAME AS THE TITLE --> |
| title = <!-- MUST BE THE SAME AS THE TITLE -->Nahel Merzouk protests<!-- MUST BE THE SAME AS THE TITLE --> |
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| partof = [[Civil |
| partof = [[Civil unrest in France]] |
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| image = {{Multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=1/2|total_width=300 |
| image = {{Multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=1/2|total_width=300 |
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| image1 = Violences urbaines Nahel Besançon-Planoise 29-06-2023 oufik-de-Planoise 1.jpg |
| image1 = Violences urbaines Nahel Besançon-Planoise 29-06-2023 oufik-de-Planoise 1.jpg |
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| footer = [[RAID (French police unit)|RAID]] Operators in [[Lille]] |
| footer = [[RAID (French police unit)|RAID]] Operators in [[Lille]] |
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| date = 27 June – |
| date = 27 June – 4 July 2023 (8 days) |
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| casualties_label = Casualties, arrests, and damages |
| casualties_label = Casualties, arrests, and damages |
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| arrests = 3,300+<ref>{{cite news |title=How an early morning drive led to a death that would tear France apart |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/07/04/france-teen-nahel-merzouk-police-shooting-paris-riots/ |agency=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144355/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/07/04/france-teen-nahel-merzouk-police-shooting-paris-riots/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |
| arrests = 3,300+<ref>{{cite news |title=How an early morning drive led to a death that would tear France apart |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/07/04/france-teen-nahel-merzouk-police-shooting-paris-riots/ |agency=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144355/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/07/04/france-teen-nahel-merzouk-police-shooting-paris-riots/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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A series of civil disturbances in France began on 27 June 2023 following the [[killing of Nahel Merzouk]] by a police officer in [[Nanterre]], a suburb of Paris. Residents started a [[protest]] outside the police headquarters on 27 June, which later escalated into [[riot |
A series of civil disturbances in France began on 27 June 2023 following the [[killing of Nahel Merzouk]] by a police officer in [[Nanterre]], a suburb of Paris. Residents started a [[protest]] outside the police headquarters on 27 June, which later escalated into a [[riot]] as demonstrators set cars alight, destroyed bus stops, and shot fireworks at police.<ref>{{Cite news |title=France braces for further protests after police kill teenager |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/28/outrage-in-france-after-police-shoot-17-year-old-in-paris-suburb |access-date=28 June 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629214904/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/28/outrage-in-france-after-police-shoot-17-year-old-in-paris-suburb |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Viry-Châtillon]], a town just south of Paris with a history of violence towards police,<ref name=dépêche.fr /> a group of youths set a bus ablaze.<ref name=":13" /> |
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In [[Mantes-la-Jolie]], a town 40 km northwest of Paris,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Rabemanantsoa |first1=Anna |last2=Winsor |first2=Morgan |title=Teenager's death during police traffic stop sparks violent unrest in Paris suburb |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/nanterre-paris-teenager-police-shooting-protests/story?id=100434360 |access-date=29 June 2023 |work=[[ABC News]] |language=en |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629190047/https://abcnews.go.com/International/nanterre-paris-teenager-police-shooting-protests/story?id=100434360 |url-status=live}}</ref> the town hall was set ablaze after being [[firebombed]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mortimer |first=Gavin |date=28 June 2023 |title=France erupts in violence after police shoot dead a teenager |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/france-erupts-in-violence-after-police-shoot-dead-a-teenager/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |work=[[The Spectator]] |language=en-US |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629171139/https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/france-erupts-in-violence-after-police-shoot-dead-a-teenager/ |url-status=live}}</ref> on the night of 27 June, burning until 03:15 ([[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]).<ref name=":13">{{Cite news |last1=Breeden |first1=Aurelien |last2=Méheut |first2=Constant |date=28 June 2023 |title=Anger Flares in France After Police Shoot and Kill Teenage Driver |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/28/world/europe/france-police-shooting-paris-nanterre.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630013949/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/28/world/europe/france-police-shooting-paris-nanterre.html |archive-date=30 June 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Clashes continued throughout the night across France, including [[Toulouse]] and [[Lille]].<ref name=":13" /> Unrest was also reported in [[Asnières-sur-Seine|Asnières]], [[Colombes]], [[Suresnes]], [[Aubervilliers]], [[Clichy-sous-Bois]] and Mantes-la-Jolie.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2023 |title=Anger in Paris after police kill teen in traffic stop |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66038227 |access-date=28 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629225242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66038227 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
In [[Mantes-la-Jolie]], a town 40 km northwest of Paris,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Rabemanantsoa |first1=Anna |last2=Winsor |first2=Morgan |title=Teenager's death during police traffic stop sparks violent unrest in Paris suburb |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/nanterre-paris-teenager-police-shooting-protests/story?id=100434360 |access-date=29 June 2023 |work=[[ABC News]] |language=en |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629190047/https://abcnews.go.com/International/nanterre-paris-teenager-police-shooting-protests/story?id=100434360 |url-status=live}}</ref> the town hall was set ablaze after being [[firebombed]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mortimer |first=Gavin |date=28 June 2023 |title=France erupts in violence after police shoot dead a teenager |url=https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/france-erupts-in-violence-after-police-shoot-dead-a-teenager/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |work=[[The Spectator]] |language=en-US |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629171139/https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/france-erupts-in-violence-after-police-shoot-dead-a-teenager/ |url-status=live}}</ref> on the night of 27 June, burning until 03:15 ([[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]).<ref name=":13">{{Cite news |last1=Breeden |first1=Aurelien |last2=Méheut |first2=Constant |date=28 June 2023 |title=Anger Flares in France After Police Shoot and Kill Teenage Driver |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/28/world/europe/france-police-shooting-paris-nanterre.html |url-status=live |access-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630013949/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/28/world/europe/france-police-shooting-paris-nanterre.html |archive-date=30 June 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Clashes continued throughout the night across France, including [[Toulouse]] and [[Lille]].<ref name=":13" /> Unrest was also reported in [[Asnières-sur-Seine|Asnières]], [[Colombes]], [[Suresnes]], [[Aubervilliers]], [[Clichy-sous-Bois]] and Mantes-la-Jolie.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |date=27 June 2023 |title=Anger in Paris after police kill teen in traffic stop |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66038227 |access-date=28 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629225242/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66038227 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On 27 June 2023, at approximately 7:55 a.m. [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]], two [[Paris Police Prefecture]] officers spotted a [[Mercedes-AMG]] with a Polish registration plate speeding along a bus lane on Boulevard Jacques-Germain-Soufflot in [[Hauts-de-Seine]], [[Île-de-France]] heading towards the [[Nanterre-Université station|Nanterre-Université rail station]]. The officers stopped the driver [[Nahel Merzouk]] who attempted to drive away; one officer fired at him at 8:16. The two passengers in the vehicle fled at 8:19.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/06/29/hour-by-hour-from-a-deadly-traffic-stop-to-the-march-in-memory-of-nahel-m_6039689_7.html |title=Death of Nahel M. in Nanterre: An hour by hour account of how events unfolded |date=29 June 2023 |last1=Lemaignen |first1=Julien |last2=Lefief |first2=Jean-Philippe |work=[[Le Monde]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701010027/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/06/29/hour-by-hour-from-a-deadly-traffic-stop-to-the-march-in-memory-of-nahel-m_6039689_7.html |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Merzouk was pronounced dead at 9:15 a.m.<ref name="CNNInfo">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/01/world/france-protests-arrests-hundreds-intl-hnk/index.html |title=Funeral held for French teenager after more than 1,300 detained in fourth night of protests |date=1 July 2023 |last1=Xu |first1=Xiaofei |last2=Brennan |first2=Eve |last3=Otto |first3=Claudia |last4=Kappeler |first4=Inke |last5=Tanno |first5=Sophie |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701060510/https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/01/world/france-protests-arrests-hundreds-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> |
On 27 June 2023, at approximately 7:55 a.m. [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]], two [[Paris Police Prefecture]] officers spotted a [[Mercedes-AMG]] with a Polish registration plate speeding along a bus lane on Boulevard Jacques-Germain-Soufflot in [[Hauts-de-Seine]], [[Île-de-France]] heading towards the [[Nanterre-Université station|Nanterre-Université rail station]]. The officers stopped the driver [[Nahel Merzouk]] who attempted to drive away; one officer fired at him at 8:16. The two passengers in the vehicle fled at 8:19.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/06/29/hour-by-hour-from-a-deadly-traffic-stop-to-the-march-in-memory-of-nahel-m_6039689_7.html |title=Death of Nahel M. in Nanterre: An hour by hour account of how events unfolded |date=29 June 2023 |last1=Lemaignen |first1=Julien |last2=Lefief |first2=Jean-Philippe |work=[[Le Monde]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701010027/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/06/29/hour-by-hour-from-a-deadly-traffic-stop-to-the-march-in-memory-of-nahel-m_6039689_7.html |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Merzouk was pronounced dead at 9:15 a.m.<ref name="CNNInfo">{{Cite news |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/01/world/france-protests-arrests-hundreds-intl-hnk/index.html |title=Funeral held for French teenager after more than 1,300 detained in fourth night of protests |date=1 July 2023 |last1=Xu |first1=Xiaofei |last2=Brennan |first2=Eve |last3=Otto |first3=Claudia |last4=Kappeler |first4=Inke |last5=Tanno |first5=Sophie |publisher=[[CNN]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701060510/https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/01/world/france-protests-arrests-hundreds-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On 29 June, his family filed a complaint for murder and false reporting, requesting that the case be moved away from Nanterre.<ref>{{Cite news |work= |
On 29 June, his family filed a complaint for murder and false reporting, requesting that the case be moved away from Nanterre.<ref>{{Cite news |work=Le Parisien |last1=Jean-Michel |first1=Damien |last2=Décugis |first2=Jean-Michel |title=Mort de Nahel : les avocats de sa mère déposent plainte pour « homicide volontaire » et « faux en écriture publique » |language=fr | date=29 June 2023 |url= https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-lavocat-de-sa-mere-depose-plainte-pour-homicide-volontaire-et-faux-en-ecriture-publique-29-06-2023-DG2FWAHXXBG7VOWABGBPCNODQQ.php }}</ref> |
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=== 2017 law concerning traffic stops === |
=== 2017 law concerning traffic stops === |
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The [[2005 French riots]] were in reaction to the death of two Muslim teenagers, electrocuted while hiding from police in an electrical substation. Then-prime minister [[Dominique de Villepin]] and his Interior minister [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] suggested that the boys were thieves, which did little to calm the situation. [[Jacques Chirac]] declared a state of emergency, the protests lasted three weeks, and more than 4,000 people were arrested.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/06/29/in-2005-three-weeks-of-rioting-shook-france-after-the-deaths-of-two-teenagers_6039444_7.html |title=In 2005, three weeks of rioting shook France after the deaths of two teenagers |date=29 June 2023 |last=Leclerc |first=Aline |work=[[Le Monde]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701021226/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/06/29/in-2005-three-weeks-of-rioting-shook-france-after-the-deaths-of-two-teenagers_6039444_7.html |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
The [[2005 French riots]] were in reaction to the death of two Muslim teenagers, electrocuted while hiding from police in an electrical substation. Then-prime minister [[Dominique de Villepin]] and his Interior minister [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] suggested that the boys were thieves, which did little to calm the situation. [[Jacques Chirac]] declared a state of emergency, the protests lasted three weeks, and more than 4,000 people were arrested.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/06/29/in-2005-three-weeks-of-rioting-shook-france-after-the-deaths-of-two-teenagers_6039444_7.html |title=In 2005, three weeks of rioting shook France after the deaths of two teenagers |date=29 June 2023 |last=Leclerc |first=Aline |work=[[Le Monde]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701021226/https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/06/29/in-2005-three-weeks-of-rioting-shook-france-after-the-deaths-of-two-teenagers_6039444_7.html |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In 2016, the [[death of Adama Traoré]] while he was under police custody resulted in protests. His sister, [[Assa Traoré]], had charges filed against her by the government for organizing a memorial rally on 8 July 2023 in Paris despite a court ruling that the march could not take place in the originally planned towns north of Paris.<ref>{{Cite news |work= |
In 2016, the [[death of Adama Traoré]] while he was under police custody resulted in protests. His sister, [[Assa Traoré]], had charges filed against her by the government for organizing a memorial rally on 8 July 2023 in Paris despite a court ruling that the march could not take place in the originally planned towns north of Paris.<ref>{{Cite news |work= Le Monde |title=Protesters rally against police violence in several French cities |language=fr | date=8 July 2023 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/07/08/fresh-protests-against-police-violence-planned-in-france_6046585_7.html}} </ref> |
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=== Police brutality in France === |
=== Police brutality in France === |
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The [[yellow vests protests]] in 2018<ref name=Blanchard /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200124-focus-france-french-police-brutality-under-scrutiny-paris-yellow-vest-pension-reform-protests |title=French police brutality under scrutiny |date=24 January 2020 |last1=Garland |first1=Carys |last2=Rousseau |first2=Sylvain |last3=Hakiki |first3=Karim |publisher=[[France24]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412035943/https://www.france24.com/en/20200124-focus-france-french-police-brutality-under-scrutiny-paris-yellow-vest-pension-reform-protests |archive-date=12 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the alleged violent excesses of the {{illm|BRAV-M|fr|Brigade de répression de l'action violente motorisée}} (a motorcycle brigade used to curb looting and violent actions at the margin of the [[2023 French pension reform unrest|protests against the pension reform]])<ref name=mediapart>{{cite news |last1=Pascariello |first1=Pascale |last2=Polloni |first2=Camille |website=Mediapart |title=Un rapport étrille les BRAV-M, des unités « répressives, violentes et dangereuses » |trans-title=A report curbs the BRAV-M, "repressive, violent and dangerous" units |language=fr |date=13 April 2023 |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/130423/un-rapport-etrille-les-brav-m-des-unites-repressives-violentes-et-dangereuses |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418150814/https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/130423/un-rapport-etrille-les-brav-m-des-unites-repressives-violentes-et-dangereuses |archive-date=18 April 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> led to increased public perceptions of police brutality. In April 2023, over 260,000 people signed an unsuccessful petition on the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] website calling for the brigade to be disbanded.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/la-petition-pour-la-dissolution-de-la-brav-m-ecartee-par-la-commission-des-lois-de-l-assemblee-1837240 |website=[[Radio France]] |last=Lair |first=Noémie |language=fr |date=5 April 2023 |title=La pétition pour la dissolution de la Brav-M écartée par la commission des lois de l'Assemblée |trans-title=The petition for the dissolution of the Brav-M rejected by the law commission of the Assembly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602054854/https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/la-petition-pour-la-dissolution-de-la-brav-m-ecartee-par-la-commission-des-lois-de-l-assemblee-1837240 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> The police officer who killed Merzouk was a former member of this motorcycle brigade and of a specialized urban violence unit in [[Seine-Saint-Denis]].<ref>{{Cite news |newspaper=[[Libération]] |date=5 July 2023 |title=Le policier qui a tué Nahel, un ancien de la Brav-M et de la CSI 93 |trans-title=The policeman who killed Nahel, a former Brav-M and CSI 93 |language=fr |first1=Ismaël |last1=Halissat |first2=Fabien |last2=Leboucq |url=https://www.liberation.fr/societe/police-justice/le-policier-qui-a-tue-nahel-un-ancien-de-la-brav-m-et-de-la-csi-93-20230705_MFBVRCNUCVCRZOLOL6QHBHRW7A/}}</ref> |
The [[yellow vests protests]] in 2018<ref name=Blanchard /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200124-focus-france-french-police-brutality-under-scrutiny-paris-yellow-vest-pension-reform-protests |title=French police brutality under scrutiny |date=24 January 2020 |last1=Garland |first1=Carys |last2=Rousseau |first2=Sylvain |last3=Hakiki |first3=Karim |publisher=[[France24]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412035943/https://www.france24.com/en/20200124-focus-france-french-police-brutality-under-scrutiny-paris-yellow-vest-pension-reform-protests |archive-date=12 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> and the alleged violent excesses of the {{illm|BRAV-M|fr|Brigade de répression de l'action violente motorisée}} (a motorcycle brigade used to curb looting and violent actions at the margin of the [[2023 French pension reform unrest|protests against the pension reform]])<ref name=mediapart>{{cite news |last1=Pascariello |first1=Pascale |last2=Polloni |first2=Camille |website=Mediapart |title=Un rapport étrille les BRAV-M, des unités « répressives, violentes et dangereuses » |trans-title=A report curbs the BRAV-M, "repressive, violent and dangerous" units |language=fr |date=13 April 2023 |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/130423/un-rapport-etrille-les-brav-m-des-unites-repressives-violentes-et-dangereuses |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418150814/https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/130423/un-rapport-etrille-les-brav-m-des-unites-repressives-violentes-et-dangereuses |archive-date=18 April 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> led to increased public perceptions of police brutality. In April 2023, over 260,000 people signed an unsuccessful petition on the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] website calling for the brigade to be disbanded.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/la-petition-pour-la-dissolution-de-la-brav-m-ecartee-par-la-commission-des-lois-de-l-assemblee-1837240 |website=[[Radio France]] |last=Lair |first=Noémie |language=fr |date=5 April 2023 |title=La pétition pour la dissolution de la Brav-M écartée par la commission des lois de l'Assemblée |trans-title=The petition for the dissolution of the Brav-M rejected by the law commission of the Assembly |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602054854/https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/la-petition-pour-la-dissolution-de-la-brav-m-ecartee-par-la-commission-des-lois-de-l-assemblee-1837240 |archive-date=2 June 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> The police officer who killed Merzouk was a former member of this motorcycle brigade and of a specialized urban violence unit in [[Seine-Saint-Denis]].<ref>{{Cite news |newspaper=[[Libération]] |date=5 July 2023 |title=Le policier qui a tué Nahel, un ancien de la Brav-M et de la CSI 93 |trans-title=The policeman who killed Nahel, a former Brav-M and CSI 93 |language=fr |first1=Ismaël |last1=Halissat |first2=Fabien |last2=Leboucq |url=https://www.liberation.fr/societe/police-justice/le-policier-qui-a-tue-nahel-un-ancien-de-la-brav-m-et-de-la-csi-93-20230705_MFBVRCNUCVCRZOLOL6QHBHRW7A/}}</ref> |
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In 2020, widely-circulated video footage of police violence perpetrated against {{illm|Michel Zecler|fr|Affaire Michel Zecler}}, a black music producer, for not wearing a face-mask contradicted police testimony concerning the events.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/france-police-michel-zecler/2020/11/30/e28a7718-330b-11eb-9699-00d311f13d2d_story.html |title=Four French police officers charged in brutal beating of Black music producer |date=30 November 2020 |last=McAuley |first=James |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225182036/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/france-police-michel-zecler/2020/11/30/e28a7718-330b-11eb-9699-00d311f13d2d_story.html |archive-date=25 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nahel, Cédric Chouviat, Michel Zecler… Quand les vidéos démentent la version policière |trans-title=Nahel, Cédric Chouviat, Michel Zecler… When the videos contradict the police version |website=nouvelobs.com |language=fr |date=29 June 2023 |url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20230629.OBS75105/nahel-cedric-chouviat-michel-zecler-quand-les-videos-dementent-les-versions-des-policiers.html}}</ref> |
In 2020, widely-circulated video footage of police violence perpetrated against {{illm|Michel Zecler|fr|Affaire Michel Zecler}}, a black music producer, for not wearing a face-mask contradicted police testimony concerning the events.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/france-police-michel-zecler/2020/11/30/e28a7718-330b-11eb-9699-00d311f13d2d_story.html |title=Four French police officers charged in brutal beating of Black music producer |date=30 November 2020 |last=McAuley |first=James |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225182036/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/france-police-michel-zecler/2020/11/30/e28a7718-330b-11eb-9699-00d311f13d2d_story.html |archive-date=25 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Nahel, Cédric Chouviat, Michel Zecler… Quand les vidéos démentent la version policière |trans-title=Nahel, Cédric Chouviat, Michel Zecler… When the videos contradict the police version |website=nouvelobs.com |language=fr |date=29 June 2023 |url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20230629.OBS75105/nahel-cedric-chouviat-michel-zecler-quand-les-videos-dementent-les-versions-des-policiers.html}}</ref> |
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Alleged use of racial profiling in traffic stops and identity checks is a recurring issue, which, according to Henri Leclerc (emeritus president of the [[Human Rights League (France)|Human Rights League]]), contributed to the "revolt".<ref name="HRL">{{cite news |first=Louis |last=Mollier-Sabet |work=Public Sénat |url=https://www.publicsenat.fr/actualites/societe/mort-de-nahel-le-gouvernement-se-retrouve-en-face-dune-immense-manifestation-spontanee-de-solidarite-estime-henri-leclerc |title=Refus d'obtempérer : « La loi de 2017 a presque été interprétée comme un permis de tuer », alerte Henri Leclerc |trans-title=Refusal to comply: "The 2017 law has almost been interpreted as a license to kill", warns Henri Leclerc |date=30 June 2023 |language=fr |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630094052/https://www.publicsenat.fr/actualites/societe/mort-de-nahel-le-gouvernement-se-retrouve-en-face-dune-immense-manifestation-spontanee-de-solidarite-estime-henri-leclerc |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, the [[Court of Cassation]] found against the French state concerning racial profiling for identity checks, ruling that the practice was discriminatory. On this basis, in October 2020, a Parisian civil court awarded €58,500 to 11 plaintiffs who sued the French state for police violence, unjustified identity checks and improper arrests.<ref>{{Cite newspaper |author=Le Monde avec AFP |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/police-justice/article/2020/10/28/l-etat-condamne-pour-faute-lourde-apres-des-violences-policieres-et-des-controles-d-identite-discriminatoires-a-paris_6057705_1653578.html |title=L'Etat français condamné pour « faute lourde » après des violences policières et des contrôles d'identité discriminatoires |trans-title=The French State sentenced for "gross negligence" after police violence and discriminatory identity checks |date=28 October 2020 |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421130441/https://www.lemonde.fr/police-justice/article/2020/10/28/l-etat-condamne-pour-faute-lourde-apres-des-violences-policieres-et-des-controles-d-identite-discriminatoires-a-paris_6057705_1653578.html |archive-date=21 April 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
Alleged use of racial profiling in traffic stops and identity checks is a recurring issue, which, according to Henri Leclerc (emeritus president of the [[Human Rights League (France)|Human Rights League]]), contributed to the "revolt".<ref name="HRL">{{cite news |first=Louis |last=Mollier-Sabet |work=Public Sénat |url=https://www.publicsenat.fr/actualites/societe/mort-de-nahel-le-gouvernement-se-retrouve-en-face-dune-immense-manifestation-spontanee-de-solidarite-estime-henri-leclerc |title=Refus d'obtempérer : « La loi de 2017 a presque été interprétée comme un permis de tuer », alerte Henri Leclerc |trans-title=Refusal to comply: "The 2017 law has almost been interpreted as a license to kill", warns Henri Leclerc |date=30 June 2023 |language=fr |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630094052/https://www.publicsenat.fr/actualites/societe/mort-de-nahel-le-gouvernement-se-retrouve-en-face-dune-immense-manifestation-spontanee-de-solidarite-estime-henri-leclerc |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, the [[Court of Cassation]] found against the French state concerning racial profiling for identity checks, ruling that the practice was discriminatory. On this basis, in October 2020, a Parisian civil court awarded €58,500 to 11 plaintiffs who sued the French state for police violence, unjustified identity checks and improper arrests.<ref>{{Cite newspaper |author=Le Monde avec AFP |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/police-justice/article/2020/10/28/l-etat-condamne-pour-faute-lourde-apres-des-violences-policieres-et-des-controles-d-identite-discriminatoires-a-paris_6057705_1653578.html |title=L'Etat français condamné pour « faute lourde » après des violences policières et des contrôles d'identité discriminatoires |trans-title=The French State sentenced for "gross negligence" after police violence and discriminatory identity checks |date=28 October 2020 |newspaper=[[Le Monde]] |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421130441/https://www.lemonde.fr/police-justice/article/2020/10/28/l-etat-condamne-pour-faute-lourde-apres-des-violences-policieres-et-des-controles-d-identite-discriminatoires-a-paris_6057705_1653578.html |archive-date=21 April 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On 9 June 2023, the state was condemned for wrongfully jailing seven young men in the case of the burned police officers in Viry-Châtillon mentioned above. A suit concerning police allegedly making false reports leading to the mens' initial condemnations is pending.<ref>{{Cite news |
On 9 June 2023, the state was condemned for wrongfully jailing seven young men in the case of the burned police officers in Viry-Châtillon mentioned above. A suit concerning police allegedly making false reports leading to the mens' initial condemnations is pending.<ref>{{Cite news|newspaper=Actu Essonne | date=9 June 2023 | url=https://actu.fr/ile-de-france/viry-chatillon_91687/policiers-brules-a-viry-chatillon-l-etat-condamne-a-indemniser-sept-jeunes-innocentes_59707555.html | title=Policiers brûlés à Viry-Châtillon : l'État condamné à indemniser sept jeunes innocentés |language=fr }}</ref> In an op-ed in ''Le Monde'' political scientist Emmanuel Blanchard considers the number of videos that undermine police versions of events "worrying", saying that multiple court cases have been decided based on what appears to be false police reports.<ref name=Blanchard>{{Cite news |work=Le Monde |last1=Chemin | first1=Anne | last2=Blanchard |first2=Emmanuel |title=Emmanuel Blanchard, politiste : « La France a une histoire longue de racialisation de l'emprise policière » |language=fr | date=2 July 2023 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2023/07/02/emmanuel-blanchard-la-france-a-une-histoire-longue-de-la-racialisation-de-l-emprise-policiere_6180259_3232.html| quote=Le nombre d’affaires dans lesquelles des vidéos amateurs sapent, non seulement le récit policier, mais des procédures entières qui, y compris devant les tribunaux, apparaissent comme des faux en écriture, est inquiétant.}}</ref> |
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=== Social problems === |
=== Social problems === |
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On 28 June, riots were reported in [[Amiens]], [[Dijon]], [[Lyon]], [[Lille]], [[Saint-Étienne]], [[Clermont-Ferrand]], and [[Strasbourg]].<ref name=":riots9" /> French media reported numerous incidents around the Greater Paris region. There were reports of fireworks being directed at the Montreuil Town Hall which is located at the eastern edge of Paris.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Chrisafis |first1=Angelique |last2=Henley |first2=Jon |date=29 June 2023 |title=France police shooting: second night of unrest as protests over teenager's death spread |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/29/france-police-shooting-second-night-of-unrest-as-protests-over-teenagers-death-spread |access-date=29 June 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630033240/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/29/france-police-shooting-second-night-of-unrest-as-protests-over-teenagers-death-spread |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fresnes Prison]] was also targeted by fireworks.<ref name=":riots12">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2023 |title=Mort de Nahel : retour sur une nouvelle nuit de violences en banlieue parisienne et dans plusieurs villes de France |trans-title=Death of Nahel: return to a new night of violence in the Paris suburbs and in several cities in France |language=fr |work=[[Le Parisien]] |url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20230629.OBS75093/mort-de-nahel-retour-sur-une-nouvelle-nuit-de-violences-en-banlieue-parisienne-et-dans-plusieurs-villes-de-france.html |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629064506/https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20230629.OBS75093/mort-de-nahel-retour-sur-une-nouvelle-nuit-de-violences-en-banlieue-parisienne-et-dans-plusieurs-villes-de-france.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In Toulouse, arson and clashes between 100 demonstrators and police in the Reynerie district resulted in 13 arrests and 20 vehicles burned.<ref name=":riots9">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2023 |title=Mort de Nahel : commissariats attaqués, tramway incendié, école détruite{{nbsp}}... Une nouvelle nuit de violences |trans-title=Death of Nahel: police stations attacked, tram burned, school destroyed{{nbsp}}... A new night of violence |language=fr |work=[[Le Parisien]] |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-des-echauffourees-eclatent-a-toulouse-et-lille-tensions-en-region-parisienne-28-06-2023-3GZM2PHC3BDSPMMPZPRVH2FXY4.php |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628225359/https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-des-echauffourees-eclatent-a-toulouse-et-lille-tensions-en-region-parisienne-28-06-2023-3GZM2PHC3BDSPMMPZPRVH2FXY4.php |url-status=live}}</ref> There were attacks reported on 27 national police stations (including 7 by arson), 4 gendarmerie barracks, 14 municipal police stations (including 10 by arson), 8 town halls, 6 schools, and 6 public buildings.<ref name=":riots10">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2023 |title=DIRECT. Mort de Nahel : plusieurs communes d'Île-de-France instaurent un couvre-feu |trans-title=DIRECT. Death of Nahel: several municipalities in Île-de-France establish a curfew |language=fr |work=[[Le Parisien]] |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/direct-mort-de-nahel-a-nanterre-nouvelle-nuit-de-violences-une-marche-blanche-a-14-heures-29-06-2023-XVKUIN23DBCKNENJWKGZSGIVAU.php |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629025436/https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/direct-mort-de-nahel-a-nanterre-nouvelle-nuit-de-violences-une-marche-blanche-a-14-heures-29-06-2023-XVKUIN23DBCKNENJWKGZSGIVAU.php |url-status=live}}</ref> Clashing and the burning of vehicles continued in Nanterre; police stations in Suresnes, Bois-Colombes and Gennevilliers as well as municipal police stations in Meudon were attacked. Fires were set at media libraries, a construction machine in Clichy-sous-Bois, a school in [[Puteaux]], and a tram in [[Clamart]]. Looting was reported in Colombes and town halls were attacked in [[Meudon]] and [[Châtenay-Malabry]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2023 |title=Hauts-de-Seine : commissariats et bâtiments publics pris pour cibles, 34 interpellations pendant la nuit |trans-title=Hauts-de-Seine: police stations and public buildings targeted, 34 arrests during the night |language=fr |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/hauts-de-seine-92/emeutes-dans-les-hauts-de-seine-commissariats-et-batiments-publics-pris-pour-cibles-34-interpellations-pendant-la-nuit-29-06-2023-DGTXL63RAJGBRHCC7VWXFBAVWU.php |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=[[Le Parisien]] |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630085258/https://www.leparisien.fr/hauts-de-seine-92/emeutes-dans-les-hauts-de-seine-commissariats-et-batiments-publics-pris-pour-cibles-34-interpellations-pendant-la-nuit-29-06-2023-DGTXL63RAJGBRHCC7VWXFBAVWU.php |url-status=live}}</ref> In total, more than 90 public buildings were attacked.<ref name="40,000">{{cite web |last1=Pandolfo |first1=Chris |title=France will deploy 40,000 officers to crack down on riots after deadly police shooting |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/france-deploy-40000-officers-crack-down-riots-after-deadly-police-shooting |website=www.foxnews.com |date=29 June 2023 |publisher=[[Fox News]] |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629183855/https://www.foxnews.com/world/france-deploy-40000-officers-crack-down-riots-after-deadly-police-shooting |url-status=live}}</ref> In Paris, clashes erupted in the 18th and 19th [[Arrondissements of Paris|arrondissements]], while fires were set in the 15th arrondissement.<ref name=":riots12"/> Nationwide, at least 150 people were arrested,<ref name=":riots9"/> 170 police officers were injured, and 609 vehicles plus 109 buildings were damaged.<ref name=":riots10"/> |
On 28 June, riots were reported in [[Amiens]], [[Dijon]], [[Lyon]], [[Lille]], [[Saint-Étienne]], [[Clermont-Ferrand]], and [[Strasbourg]].<ref name=":riots9" /> French media reported numerous incidents around the Greater Paris region. There were reports of fireworks being directed at the Montreuil Town Hall which is located at the eastern edge of Paris.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Chrisafis |first1=Angelique |last2=Henley |first2=Jon |date=29 June 2023 |title=France police shooting: second night of unrest as protests over teenager's death spread |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/29/france-police-shooting-second-night-of-unrest-as-protests-over-teenagers-death-spread |access-date=29 June 2023 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630033240/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/29/france-police-shooting-second-night-of-unrest-as-protests-over-teenagers-death-spread |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Fresnes Prison]] was also targeted by fireworks.<ref name=":riots12">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2023 |title=Mort de Nahel : retour sur une nouvelle nuit de violences en banlieue parisienne et dans plusieurs villes de France |trans-title=Death of Nahel: return to a new night of violence in the Paris suburbs and in several cities in France |language=fr |work=[[Le Parisien]] |url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20230629.OBS75093/mort-de-nahel-retour-sur-une-nouvelle-nuit-de-violences-en-banlieue-parisienne-et-dans-plusieurs-villes-de-france.html |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629064506/https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20230629.OBS75093/mort-de-nahel-retour-sur-une-nouvelle-nuit-de-violences-en-banlieue-parisienne-et-dans-plusieurs-villes-de-france.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In Toulouse, arson and clashes between 100 demonstrators and police in the Reynerie district resulted in 13 arrests and 20 vehicles burned.<ref name=":riots9">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2023 |title=Mort de Nahel : commissariats attaqués, tramway incendié, école détruite{{nbsp}}... Une nouvelle nuit de violences |trans-title=Death of Nahel: police stations attacked, tram burned, school destroyed{{nbsp}}... A new night of violence |language=fr |work=[[Le Parisien]] |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-des-echauffourees-eclatent-a-toulouse-et-lille-tensions-en-region-parisienne-28-06-2023-3GZM2PHC3BDSPMMPZPRVH2FXY4.php |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628225359/https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-des-echauffourees-eclatent-a-toulouse-et-lille-tensions-en-region-parisienne-28-06-2023-3GZM2PHC3BDSPMMPZPRVH2FXY4.php |url-status=live}}</ref> There were attacks reported on 27 national police stations (including 7 by arson), 4 gendarmerie barracks, 14 municipal police stations (including 10 by arson), 8 town halls, 6 schools, and 6 public buildings.<ref name=":riots10">{{Cite news |date=28 June 2023 |title=DIRECT. Mort de Nahel : plusieurs communes d'Île-de-France instaurent un couvre-feu |trans-title=DIRECT. Death of Nahel: several municipalities in Île-de-France establish a curfew |language=fr |work=[[Le Parisien]] |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/direct-mort-de-nahel-a-nanterre-nouvelle-nuit-de-violences-une-marche-blanche-a-14-heures-29-06-2023-XVKUIN23DBCKNENJWKGZSGIVAU.php |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629025436/https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/direct-mort-de-nahel-a-nanterre-nouvelle-nuit-de-violences-une-marche-blanche-a-14-heures-29-06-2023-XVKUIN23DBCKNENJWKGZSGIVAU.php |url-status=live}}</ref> Clashing and the burning of vehicles continued in Nanterre; police stations in Suresnes, Bois-Colombes and Gennevilliers as well as municipal police stations in Meudon were attacked. Fires were set at media libraries, a construction machine in Clichy-sous-Bois, a school in [[Puteaux]], and a tram in [[Clamart]]. Looting was reported in Colombes and town halls were attacked in [[Meudon]] and [[Châtenay-Malabry]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2023 |title=Hauts-de-Seine : commissariats et bâtiments publics pris pour cibles, 34 interpellations pendant la nuit |trans-title=Hauts-de-Seine: police stations and public buildings targeted, 34 arrests during the night |language=fr |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/hauts-de-seine-92/emeutes-dans-les-hauts-de-seine-commissariats-et-batiments-publics-pris-pour-cibles-34-interpellations-pendant-la-nuit-29-06-2023-DGTXL63RAJGBRHCC7VWXFBAVWU.php |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=[[Le Parisien]] |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630085258/https://www.leparisien.fr/hauts-de-seine-92/emeutes-dans-les-hauts-de-seine-commissariats-et-batiments-publics-pris-pour-cibles-34-interpellations-pendant-la-nuit-29-06-2023-DGTXL63RAJGBRHCC7VWXFBAVWU.php |url-status=live}}</ref> In total, more than 90 public buildings were attacked.<ref name="40,000">{{cite web |last1=Pandolfo |first1=Chris |title=France will deploy 40,000 officers to crack down on riots after deadly police shooting |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/france-deploy-40000-officers-crack-down-riots-after-deadly-police-shooting |website=www.foxnews.com |date=29 June 2023 |publisher=[[Fox News]] |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629183855/https://www.foxnews.com/world/france-deploy-40000-officers-crack-down-riots-after-deadly-police-shooting |url-status=live}}</ref> In Paris, clashes erupted in the 18th and 19th [[Arrondissements of Paris|arrondissements]], while fires were set in the 15th arrondissement.<ref name=":riots12"/> Nationwide, at least 150 people were arrested,<ref name=":riots9"/> 170 police officers were injured, and 609 vehicles plus 109 buildings were damaged.<ref name=":riots10"/> |
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On 29 June, over 6,200 people participated in a march in support of Merzouk's family in Nanterre. By evening, tensions erupted and the [[Research and Intervention Brigade|BRI]] were sent to the scene. Buses and trams stopped running by evening to prevent damage, and several communes such as Clamart, [[Compiègne]], and [[Savigny-le-Temple]] implemented curfews, with Savigny-le-Temple implementing a curfew only for minors.<ref name=":riots10"/> Rioters in [[Marseille]] reportedly threw fireworks at police.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Berlinger |first1=Joshua |last2=Xu |first2=Xiaofei |last3=Ataman |first3=Joseph |last4=Kennedy |first4=Niamh |date=30 June 2023 |work=[[CNN]] |title=More than 400 arrested as third night of violent protest sweeps France after 17-year-old shot dead by police |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/29/europe/nanterre-france-police-shooting-protests-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701101651/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/29/europe/nanterre-france-police-shooting-protests-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In Nanterre, rioters vandalised the Memorial to the Martyrs of the Deportation, which remembers victims of the Holocaust in [[Vichy France]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Holocaust memorial in Paris vandalized by rioters |url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-748407 |access-date=1 July 2023 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |language=en-US |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701004157/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-748407 |url-status=live}}</ref> A car reportedly crashed into the a Lidl store in [[Nantes]],<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Meillerais |first1=Virginie |last2=Certain |first2=Rémi |last3=Bourreau |first3=Nathalie |date=30 June 2023 |work=Presse Océan |publisher=Ouest France |title=Mort de Nahel. Émeutes à Nantes : Lidl forcé à la voiture bélier, centre commercial incendié{{nbsp}}... |trans-title=Death of Nahel, Riots in Nantes: Car Crash at Lidl, Shopping Center Set on Fire |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/faits-divers/emeutes-urbaines/mort-de-nahel-nuit-de-tensions-a-nantes-un-lidl-force-a-la-voiture-belier-un-bus-incendie-8c99e8f0-16cc-11ee-ae57-25b1d1d54a03 |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701024939/https://www.ouest-france.fr/faits-divers/emeutes-urbaines/mort-de-nahel-nuit-de-tensions-a-nantes-un-lidl-force-a-la-voiture-belier-un-bus-incendie-8c99e8f0-16cc-11ee-ae57-25b1d1d54a03 |url-status=live}}</ref> after which it was vandalized and looted.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vanzini |first=Pierre-Baptiste |date=30 June 2023 |work=Le Parisien |title=Mort de Nahel : un Lidl entièrement saccagé près de Nantes, les riverains entre stupeur et inquiétude |trans-title=Death of Nahel: Lidl Store Completely Looted near Nantes, locals stunned and worried |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-un-lidl-entierement-saccage-pres-de-nantes-les-riverains-entre-stupeur-et-inquietude-30-06-2023-OVS2TTNUY5BFJDEC6LRYKAACUQ.php |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630135226/https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-un-lidl-entierement-saccage-pres-de-nantes-les-riverains-entre-stupeur-et-inquietude-30-06-2023-OVS2TTNUY5BFJDEC6LRYKAACUQ.php |url-status=live}}</ref> There were also reports of the Clichy-sous-Bois town hall being lit on fire by rioters.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=[[Associated Press]] |via=[[NPR]] |date=30 June 2023 |title=More than 600 arrests after a new night of protests across France over teen's killing |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/06/30/1185268439/more-than-600-arrests-after-a-new-night-of-protests-across-france-over-teens-kil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701053627/https://www.npr.org/2023/06/30/1185268439/more-than-600-arrests-after-a-new-night-of-protests-across-france-over-teens-kil |archive-date=1 July 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> There were 875 arrests nationally.<ref>{{Cite web |first |
On 29 June, over 6,200 people participated in a march in support of Merzouk's family in Nanterre. By evening, tensions erupted and the [[Research and Intervention Brigade|BRI]] were sent to the scene. Buses and trams stopped running by evening to prevent damage, and several communes such as Clamart, [[Compiègne]], and [[Savigny-le-Temple]] implemented curfews, with Savigny-le-Temple implementing a curfew only for minors.<ref name=":riots10"/> Rioters in [[Marseille]] reportedly threw fireworks at police.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Berlinger |first1=Joshua |last2=Xu |first2=Xiaofei |last3=Ataman |first3=Joseph |last4=Kennedy |first4=Niamh |date=30 June 2023 |work=[[CNN]] |title=More than 400 arrested as third night of violent protest sweeps France after 17-year-old shot dead by police |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/29/europe/nanterre-france-police-shooting-protests-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701101651/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/29/europe/nanterre-france-police-shooting-protests-intl-hnk/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In Nanterre, rioters vandalised the Memorial to the Martyrs of the Deportation, which remembers victims of the Holocaust in [[Vichy France]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Holocaust memorial in Paris vandalized by rioters |url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-748407 |access-date=1 July 2023 |work=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |language=en-US |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701004157/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/antisemitism/article-748407 |url-status=live}}</ref> A car reportedly crashed into the a Lidl store in [[Nantes]],<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Meillerais |first1=Virginie |last2=Certain |first2=Rémi |last3=Bourreau |first3=Nathalie |date=30 June 2023 |work=Presse Océan |publisher=Ouest France |title=Mort de Nahel. Émeutes à Nantes : Lidl forcé à la voiture bélier, centre commercial incendié{{nbsp}}... |trans-title=Death of Nahel, Riots in Nantes: Car Crash at Lidl, Shopping Center Set on Fire |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/faits-divers/emeutes-urbaines/mort-de-nahel-nuit-de-tensions-a-nantes-un-lidl-force-a-la-voiture-belier-un-bus-incendie-8c99e8f0-16cc-11ee-ae57-25b1d1d54a03 |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701024939/https://www.ouest-france.fr/faits-divers/emeutes-urbaines/mort-de-nahel-nuit-de-tensions-a-nantes-un-lidl-force-a-la-voiture-belier-un-bus-incendie-8c99e8f0-16cc-11ee-ae57-25b1d1d54a03 |url-status=live}}</ref> after which it was vandalized and looted.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Vanzini |first=Pierre-Baptiste |date=30 June 2023 |work=Le Parisien |title=Mort de Nahel : un Lidl entièrement saccagé près de Nantes, les riverains entre stupeur et inquiétude |trans-title=Death of Nahel: Lidl Store Completely Looted near Nantes, locals stunned and worried |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-un-lidl-entierement-saccage-pres-de-nantes-les-riverains-entre-stupeur-et-inquietude-30-06-2023-OVS2TTNUY5BFJDEC6LRYKAACUQ.php |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630135226/https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/mort-de-nahel-un-lidl-entierement-saccage-pres-de-nantes-les-riverains-entre-stupeur-et-inquietude-30-06-2023-OVS2TTNUY5BFJDEC6LRYKAACUQ.php |url-status=live}}</ref> There were also reports of the Clichy-sous-Bois town hall being lit on fire by rioters.<ref>{{Cite news |agency=[[Associated Press]] |via=[[NPR]] |date=30 June 2023 |title=More than 600 arrests after a new night of protests across France over teen's killing |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/06/30/1185268439/more-than-600-arrests-after-a-new-night-of-protests-across-france-over-teens-kil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701053627/https://www.npr.org/2023/06/30/1185268439/more-than-600-arrests-after-a-new-night-of-protests-across-france-over-teens-kil |archive-date=1 July 2023 |access-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> There were 875 arrests nationally.<ref>{{Cite web |first= |date=30 June 2023 |title=Violences urbaines : le ministère mobilisé pour le retour à l'ordre public |trans-title=Urban violence: the ministry mobilized for the return to public order |language=fr |url=https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/actualites/actualites-du-ministere/violences-urbaines-ministere-mobilise-pour-retour-a-lordre |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=www.interieur.gouv.fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701142327/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/actualites/actualites-du-ministere/violences-urbaines-ministere-mobilise-pour-retour-a-lordre |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> A vigil march was held in Nanterre in memory of Merzouk.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Foroudi |first1=Layli |last2=Olive |first2=Noemie |date=29 June 2023 |title=France unrest: Riots spread, thousands march in memory of shot teenager |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-150-arrests-overnight-unrest-after-teenager-killed-by-police-2023-06-29/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630030231/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-150-arrests-overnight-unrest-after-teenager-killed-by-police-2023-06-29/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On 30 June, Interior Minister Gérald Darmanin instructed [[Prefectures in France|prefectures]] nationwide to order that all buses and trams stop service at 9 p.m., and to prohibit the sale and transport of fireworks mortars, petrol cans, and other dangerous substances.<ref name="echos">{{Cite news |language=fr |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/mort-de-nahel-au-moins-421-personnes-interpellees-au-terme-dune-nouvelle-nuit-de-violence-1957573 |date=30 June 2023 |title=Mort de Nahel : le gouvernement tente de circonscrire les violences |trans-title=Death of Nahel: the government tries to contain the violence |work=Les Echos |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701192741/https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/mort-de-nahel-au-moins-421-personnes-interpellees-au-terme-dune-nouvelle-nuit-de-violence-1957573 |url-status=live}}</ref> President [[Emmanuel Macron]] canceled a scheduled trip to Germany to handle the issue, after being criticized for attending a concert during the ongoing crisis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aitken |first=Peter |date=1 July 2023 |title=French riots: What to know as hundreds of police injured, thousands arrested following deadly shooting |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/french-riots-what-know-hundreds-police-injured-thousands-arrested-following-deadly-shooting |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=[[Fox News]] |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701180155/https://www.foxnews.com/world/french-riots-what-know-hundreds-police-injured-thousands-arrested-following-deadly-shooting |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Willsher |first=Kim |date=1 July 2023 |title=France: teen shot by police given private funeral as crisis grips government |language=en-GB |work=[[The Observer]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/01/crowds-gather-for-funeral-of-nahel-merzouk-shot-dead-by-french-police |access-date=1 July 2023 |issn=0029-7712 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701164714/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/01/crowds-gather-for-funeral-of-nahel-merzouk-shot-dead-by-french-police |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> After an unauthorized demonstration against police violence in front of [[Angers]] city hall had been dispersed with tear gas, the protestors were accosted by members of the banned far-right group Alvarium armed with baseball bats. The situation was quickly defused by police with only one injury requiring hospitalization.<ref name="Angers">{{Cite news |last=Mercier |first=Cyprien |title=RÉCIT. Mort de Nahel : colère et désolation à Angers après une nouvelle nuit d'émeutes |trans-title= |
On 30 June, Interior Minister Gérald Darmanin instructed [[Prefectures in France|prefectures]] nationwide to order that all buses and trams stop service at 9 p.m., and to prohibit the sale and transport of fireworks mortars, petrol cans, and other dangerous substances.<ref name="echos">{{Cite news |language=fr |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/mort-de-nahel-au-moins-421-personnes-interpellees-au-terme-dune-nouvelle-nuit-de-violence-1957573 |date=30 June 2023 |title=Mort de Nahel : le gouvernement tente de circonscrire les violences |trans-title=Death of Nahel: the government tries to contain the violence |work=Les Echos |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701192741/https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/mort-de-nahel-au-moins-421-personnes-interpellees-au-terme-dune-nouvelle-nuit-de-violence-1957573 |url-status=live}}</ref> President [[Emmanuel Macron]] canceled a scheduled trip to Germany to handle the issue, after being criticized for attending a concert during the ongoing crisis.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aitken |first=Peter |date=1 July 2023 |title=French riots: What to know as hundreds of police injured, thousands arrested following deadly shooting |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/french-riots-what-know-hundreds-police-injured-thousands-arrested-following-deadly-shooting |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=[[Fox News]] |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701180155/https://www.foxnews.com/world/french-riots-what-know-hundreds-police-injured-thousands-arrested-following-deadly-shooting |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Willsher |first=Kim |date=1 July 2023 |title=France: teen shot by police given private funeral as crisis grips government |language=en-GB |work=[[The Observer]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/01/crowds-gather-for-funeral-of-nahel-merzouk-shot-dead-by-french-police |access-date=1 July 2023 |issn=0029-7712 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701164714/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/01/crowds-gather-for-funeral-of-nahel-merzouk-shot-dead-by-french-police |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> After an unauthorized demonstration against police violence in front of [[Angers]] city hall had been dispersed with tear gas, the protestors were accosted by members of the banned far-right group Alvarium armed with baseball bats. The situation was quickly defused by police with only one injury requiring hospitalization.<ref name="Angers">{{Cite news |last=Mercier |first=Cyprien |title=RÉCIT. Mort de Nahel : colère et désolation à Angers après une nouvelle nuit d'émeutes |trans-title= |date=1 July 2023 |work=[[Ouest France]] |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/maine-et-loire/mort-de-nahel-colere-et-desolation-a-angers-apres-une-nuit-de-violences-urbaines-48a37612-17f2-11ee-a274-cd245df77ae9 |language=fr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144331/https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/maine-et-loire/mort-de-nahel-colere-et-desolation-a-angers-apres-une-nuit-de-violences-urbaines-48a37612-17f2-11ee-a274-cd245df77ae9 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> The group was involved in further conflict the following day, leading police to search their headquarters on 3 July.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Après les violents affrontements, le local de l'ex-Alvarium perquisitionné à Angers |trans-title=After violent clashes, police search the premises of the former Alvarium |work=[[Ouest France]] |language=fr |date=3 July 2023 |url=https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/angers-49000/apres-les-violents-affrontements-le-local-de-lex-alvarium-perquisitionne-a-angers-e5983bf4-19ac-11ee-a274-cd245df77ae9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144237/https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/angers-49000/apres-les-violents-affrontements-le-local-de-lex-alvarium-perquisitionne-a-angers-e5983bf4-19ac-11ee-a274-cd245df77ae9 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> The rioting in Angers – which included looting of a tobacco shop, cars burned, police targeted with fireworks, and damage to the ground floor of a retirement home – led to eleven arrests according to the prefecture, including "some very young minors".<ref name="Angers" /> In [[Brest, France|Brest]], a new gym and a social center were destroyed by fire, while the city hall annex, two bank branches and a car dealership also reported damage.<ref name="HappyCafé">{{Cite news |work=Le Figaro |title= «On brûle les PD, qu'ils crèvent en enfer le Coran»: menacé par les émeutiers, un café LGBT fermé temporairement à Brest |language=fr | date= 2 July 2023 |url= https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/on-brule-les-pd-qu-ils-crevent-en-enfer-le-coran-menace-par-les-emeutiers-un-cafe-lgbt-ferme-a-brest-20230702}}</ref> When the owner of an LGBT bar, informed there was talk of targeting the bar on [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]], called police they suggested he close down quickly, which he did, for five days.<ref>{{Cite news |work=Le Parisien |last=Moreau | first=Nora |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/finistere-29/a-brest-le-happy-cafe-bar-gay-friendly-menace-pendant-les-emeutes-rouvre-ses-portes-07-07-2023-Q6QBHPDFKFDFZKMKSCNN64OO3Q.php |language=fr | date= 7 July 2023|title=À Brest, Le Happy Café, bar « gay friendly » menacé pendant les émeutes, rouvre ses portes }}</ref> In Marseille, the city's largest public library, the {{illm|Bibliothèque l'Alcazar|fr|Alcazar (Marseille)}}, sustained fire damage. Its glass façade was badly damaged, but rioters were unable to enter the building.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://madeinmarseille.net/140295-violences-urbaines-a-marseille-la-bibliotheque-lalcazar-fermee-jusqua-mardi/ |title=Victime de dégradation la nuit dernière, la bibliothèque L'Alcazar fermée jusqu'à mardi |date=30 June 2023 |language=fr |trans-title=Victim of degradation last night, the L'Alcazar library closed until Tuesday |access-date=1 July 2023 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701092619/https://madeinmarseille.net/140295-violences-urbaines-a-marseille-la-bibliotheque-lalcazar-fermee-jusqua-mardi/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Meanwhile, in Nanterre, a Holocaust memorial was defaced with anti-police slogans.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cramer |first=Philissa |date=2 July 2023 |title=Paris-area Holocaust memorial vandalized amid unrest following police killing of a teenager |url=https://www.jta.org/2023/07/02/global/paris-area-holocaust-memorial-vandalized-amid-unrest-following-police-killing-of-a-teenager |access-date=2 July 2023 |website=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] |language=en-US |archive-date=3 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703074327/https://www.jta.org/2023/07/02/global/paris-area-holocaust-memorial-vandalized-amid-unrest-following-police-killing-of-a-teenager |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On 1 July, the national police announced that a group of police officers had been targeted earlier in the morning by two individuals in [[Vaulx-en-Velin]], the first using a pellet gun, the second using a shotgun. Four officers were injured in the attacks, one of whom requiring surgery.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/faits-divers/emeutes-apres-la-mort-de-nahel-sept-policiers-blesses-par-un-fusil-a-vaulx-en-velin-20230701 |title=Émeutes après la mort de Nahel : huit policiers pris pour cible par des tirs de fusil à Vaulx-en-Velin, au moins quatre blessés |trans-title=Riots after the death of Nahel: eight police officers targeted by rifle fire in Vaulx-en-Velin, at least four injured |language=fr |date=1 July 2023 |last=d'Adhémar |first=Margaux |newspaper=[[Le Figaro]] |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702035144/https://www.lefigaro.fr/faits-divers/emeutes-apres-la-mort-de-nahel-sept-policiers-blesses-par-un-fusil-a-vaulx-en-velin-20230701 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
On 1 July, the national police announced that a group of police officers had been targeted earlier in the morning by two individuals in [[Vaulx-en-Velin]], the first using a pellet gun, the second using a shotgun. Four officers were injured in the attacks, one of whom requiring surgery.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/faits-divers/emeutes-apres-la-mort-de-nahel-sept-policiers-blesses-par-un-fusil-a-vaulx-en-velin-20230701 |title=Émeutes après la mort de Nahel : huit policiers pris pour cible par des tirs de fusil à Vaulx-en-Velin, au moins quatre blessés |trans-title=Riots after the death of Nahel: eight police officers targeted by rifle fire in Vaulx-en-Velin, at least four injured |language=fr |date=1 July 2023 |last=d'Adhémar |first=Margaux |newspaper=[[Le Figaro]] |access-date=7 July 2023 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702035144/https://www.lefigaro.fr/faits-divers/emeutes-apres-la-mort-de-nahel-sept-policiers-blesses-par-un-fusil-a-vaulx-en-velin-20230701 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On 2 July, the home of the mayor of [[L'Haÿ-les-Roses]], [[Vincent Jeanbrun]], was attacked in the suburbs south of Paris.<ref name=bbcnews>{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Paris riots: Suburban mayor's wife hurt as rioters attack their home |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66079408 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher= |date=3 July 2023 |access-date=3 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702191956/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66079408 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> After the town hall had been targeted by rioters for several nights, the mayor had the building protected with barricades and barbed wire fencing and decided to spend the night there to monitor the security situation.<ref name=france24eng>{{cite news |first= |last= |title=French PM slams 'particularly shocking' attack on mayor's home |url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230702-attempted-murder-investigation-opened-into-ramming-attack-on-french-mayor-s-house |work=[[France 24]] |publisher= |date=2 July 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703003827/https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230702-attempted-murder-investigation-opened-into-ramming-attack-on-french-mayor-s-house |archive-date=3 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> At 1:30 a.m. attackers rammed a car into the front gate of Jeanbrun's home and attempted to set the car on fire. Fleeing the house, his wife suffered a broken leg and one of their two young children was injured.<ref name=bbcnews/> French Prime Minister [[Élisabeth Borne]], who visited L'Haÿ-les-Roses hours later, called the attack on his family "particularly shocking". Prosecutor Stephane Hardouin confirmed that his office had opened an attempted murder investigation, while Jeanbrun called on President Macron to declare a state of emergency. In a tweet, Senate President [[Gérard Larcher]] condemned the attack, writing, "To attack the life of an elected representative and that of his family is to attack the nation."<ref name=france24eng/> |
On 2 July, the home of the mayor of [[L'Haÿ-les-Roses]], [[Vincent Jeanbrun]], was attacked in the suburbs south of Paris.<ref name=bbcnews>{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Paris riots: Suburban mayor's wife hurt as rioters attack their home |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66079408 |work=[[BBC News]] |publisher= |date=3 July 2023 |access-date=3 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702191956/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66079408 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> After the town hall had been targeted by rioters for several nights, the mayor had the building protected with barricades and barbed wire fencing and decided to spend the night there to monitor the security situation.<ref name=france24eng>{{cite news |first= |last= |title=French PM slams 'particularly shocking' attack on mayor's home |url=https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230702-attempted-murder-investigation-opened-into-ramming-attack-on-french-mayor-s-house |work=[[France 24]] |publisher= |date=2 July 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703003827/https://www.france24.com/en/france/20230702-attempted-murder-investigation-opened-into-ramming-attack-on-french-mayor-s-house |archive-date=3 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> At 1:30 a.m. attackers rammed a car into the front gate of Jeanbrun's home and attempted to set the car on fire. Fleeing the house, his wife suffered a broken leg and one of their two young children was injured.<ref name=bbcnews/> French Prime Minister [[Élisabeth Borne]], who visited L'Haÿ-les-Roses hours later, called the attack on his family "particularly shocking". Prosecutor Stephane Hardouin confirmed that his office had opened an attempted murder investigation, while Jeanbrun called on President Macron to declare a state of emergency. In a tweet, Senate President [[Gérard Larcher]] condemned the attack, writing, "To attack the life of an elected representative and that of his family is to attack the nation."<ref name=france24eng/> |
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On 3 July, arrests and violent activity began to abate. A demonstration was held in support of a "return to Republican order" after the attack on the Paris suburb's mayor's home the previous day. There were still 24 buildings damaged in the Paris area and 159 cars set on fire.<ref name="calming">{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230704-protest-violence-in-france-falls-sharply-a-week-after-fatal-police-shooting-of-teen |title=Protest violence in France falls sharply, a week after fatal police shooting of teen |work=[[France24]] |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704125850/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230704-protest-violence-in-france-falls-sharply-a-week-after-fatal-police-shooting-of-teen |url-status=live}}</ref> In Marseilles, a gun store was broken into by 30 youths, one of whom was arrested in possession of a stolen rifle.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 July 2023 |title=France riots: Marseille gun shop looted amid fears of increased violence |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66076332 |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701202344/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66076332 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> There were confirmed cases of rioters in |
On 3 July, arrests and violent activity began to abate. A demonstration was held in support of a "return to Republican order" after the attack on the Paris suburb's mayor's home the previous day. There were still 24 buildings damaged in the Paris area and 159 cars set on fire.<ref name="calming">{{cite news |url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230704-protest-violence-in-france-falls-sharply-a-week-after-fatal-police-shooting-of-teen |title=Protest violence in France falls sharply, a week after fatal police shooting of teen |work=[[France24]] |date=4 July 2023 |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704125850/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20230704-protest-violence-in-france-falls-sharply-a-week-after-fatal-police-shooting-of-teen |url-status=live}}</ref> In Marseilles, a gun store was broken into by 30 youths, one of whom was arrested in possession of a stolen rifle.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 July 2023 |title=France riots: Marseille gun shop looted amid fears of increased violence |language=en-GB |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66076332 |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230701202344/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66076332 |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> There were confirmed cases of rioters firing in the air using [[Kalashnikov rifle|Kalashnikov]] assault rifles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-01 |last=d'Adhémar |first=Margaux |title=Mort de Nahel : confrontés à une nouvelle nuit d'émeutes, les policiers sur le qui-vive face aux armes |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/faits-divers/on-se-prepare-a-tout-a-l-oree-d-une-cinquieme-nuit-d-emeutes-apres-la-mort-de-nahel-les-policiers-sur-le-qui-vive-face-aux-armes-20230701 |access-date=2023-07-09 |work=Le Figaro |language=fr}}</ref> Gerard Darminin promised €20 million for the replacement of the 1000 videosurveillance cameras damaged during the rioting.<ref>{{Cite news |work=Lyon Capital |title=20 caméras de vidéosurveillance de la Ville de Lyon détruites lors des émeutes |last=Jame |first=Hadrien |date=4 July 2023 |url=https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/actualite/20-cameras-de-videosurveillance-de-la-ville-de-lyon-detruites-lors-des-emeutes |language=fr }}</ref> |
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On 4 July, prosecutors opened an investigation into the death of a 27-year-old man who was hit by a projectile during the riots in Marseille. They said that the likely cause of death was a violent shock to the chest from a "flash-ball" projectile, which is used by riot police.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 July 2023 |title=Prosecutors in France investigate man's death in Marseille riots |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/4/prosecutors-in-france-investigate-mans-death-in-marseille-riots |access-date=5 July 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704213820/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/4/prosecutors-in-france-investigate-mans-death-in-marseille-riots |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=James |date=4 July 2023 |title=France riots: Prosecutors open investigation into death of man 'likely caused by rubber bullet to the chest' |url=https://news.sky.com/story/france-riots-prosecutors-open-investigation-into-death-of-man-likely-caused-by-rubber-bullet-to-the-chest-12915070 |access-date=5 July 2023 |website=[[Sky News]] |language=en |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144316/https://news.sky.com/story/france-riots-prosecutors-open-investigation-into-death-of-man-likely-caused-by-rubber-bullet-to-the-chest-12915070 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
On 4 July, prosecutors opened an investigation into the death of a 27-year-old man who was hit by a projectile during the riots in Marseille. They said that the likely cause of death was a violent shock to the chest from a "flash-ball" projectile, which is used by riot police.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 July 2023 |title=Prosecutors in France investigate man's death in Marseille riots |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/4/prosecutors-in-france-investigate-mans-death-in-marseille-riots |access-date=5 July 2023 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |language=en |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704213820/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/4/prosecutors-in-france-investigate-mans-death-in-marseille-riots |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=James |date=4 July 2023 |title=France riots: Prosecutors open investigation into death of man 'likely caused by rubber bullet to the chest' |url=https://news.sky.com/story/france-riots-prosecutors-open-investigation-into-death-of-man-likely-caused-by-rubber-bullet-to-the-chest-12915070 |access-date=5 July 2023 |website=[[Sky News]] |language=en |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144316/https://news.sky.com/story/france-riots-prosecutors-open-investigation-into-death-of-man-likely-caused-by-rubber-bullet-to-the-chest-12915070 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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On 8 July, the violence of the BRAV-M arrest of Yssoufou Traoré in Paris (where an unauthorized memorial march for his brother took place) was filmed, and the treatment received by the three journalists covering the story led Christophe Deloire, secretary general of [[Reporters without Borders]], to say "Taking down journalists to prevent them from filming or photographing an arrest is an unacceptable violation of the freedom to inform."<ref>{{Cite news |work=[[Le Monde]] |last=Mestre |first=Abel |title=Questions arise over violent arrest of Yssoufou Traoré, whose brother died in police custody in 2016 |language=en |date=9 July 2023 |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2023/07/09/questions-arise-over-violent-arrest-of-yssoufou-traore-whose-brother-died-in-police-custody-in-2016_6047456_7.html |archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> |
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=== Overseas France === |
=== Overseas France === |
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=== International === |
=== International === |
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In [[Belgium]], some fires were lit in [[Brussels]] on 29 June and one person was arrested for rebellion. All told, in two days a little over 100 people (including many minors) were arrested in Brussels and in [[Liège]]<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[Le Soir]] |title=Mort d'un adolescent en France : plus de 100 arrestations à Bruxelles et Liège |trans-title=Death of a teenager in France: more than 100 arrests in Brussels and Liège |language=fr |url=https://www.lesoir.be/522926/article/2023-07-01/mort-dun-adolescent-en-france-plus-de-100-arrestations-bruxelles-et-liege |date=1 July 2023 |author=Belga |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702045207/https://www.lesoir.be/522926/article/2023-07-01/mort-dun-adolescent-en-france-plus-de-100-arrestations-bruxelles-et-liege |archive-date=2 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> (where there were no incidents), most of them preemptively.<ref>{{Cite news |language=nl |date=30 June 2023 |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/06/30/relschoppers-brussel-meet-de-schade-op |title=Dag na de rellen in Brussel: Brusselse politie pakt vijftigtal mensen preventief op |trans-title=Day after the riots in Brussels: Brussels police arrest fifty people preventively |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144314/https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/06/30/relschoppers-brussel-meet-de-schade-op/ |archive-date=5 July 2023}}</ref> In [[Switzerland]], of the seven people arrested in Lausanne for breaking shop windows six were minors, two of whom were not Swiss citizens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/seven-arrested-in-swiss-city-for-vandalism-inspired-by-french-riots/48635210 |title=Seven arrested in Swiss city for vandalism inspired by French riots |date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702183441/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/seven-arrested-in-swiss-city-for-vandalism-inspired-by-french-riots/48635210 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/vaud/des-violences-eclatent-a-lausanne-en-echo-a-la-situation-en-france |title=Des violences éclatent à Lausanne en écho à la situation en France |language=fr |trans-title=Violence erupts in Lausanne echoing the situation in France |work=[[Le Temps]] |date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702183444/https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/vaud/des-violences-eclatent-a-lausanne-en-echo-a-la-situation-en-france |archive-date=2 July 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[Quebec|Québec]], a demonstration happened in [[Montreal|Montréal]] in front of the [[Eaton Centre]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Une manifestation «en soutien à la France» devant le Centre Eaton |language=fr |trans-title= |
In [[Belgium]], some fires were lit in [[Brussels]] on 29 June and one person was arrested for rebellion. All told, in two days a little over 100 people (including many minors) were arrested in Brussels and in [[Liège]]<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[Le Soir]] |title=Mort d'un adolescent en France : plus de 100 arrestations à Bruxelles et Liège |trans-title=Death of a teenager in France: more than 100 arrests in Brussels and Liège |language=fr |url=https://www.lesoir.be/522926/article/2023-07-01/mort-dun-adolescent-en-france-plus-de-100-arrestations-bruxelles-et-liege |date=1 July 2023 |author=Belga |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702045207/https://www.lesoir.be/522926/article/2023-07-01/mort-dun-adolescent-en-france-plus-de-100-arrestations-bruxelles-et-liege |archive-date=2 July 2023 |access-date=5 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> (where there were no incidents), most of them preemptively.<ref>{{Cite news |language=nl |date=30 June 2023 |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/06/30/relschoppers-brussel-meet-de-schade-op |title=Dag na de rellen in Brussel: Brusselse politie pakt vijftigtal mensen preventief op |trans-title=Day after the riots in Brussels: Brussels police arrest fifty people preventively |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705144314/https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/06/30/relschoppers-brussel-meet-de-schade-op/ |archive-date=5 July 2023}}</ref> In [[Switzerland]], of the seven people arrested in Lausanne for breaking shop windows six were minors, two of whom were not Swiss citizens.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/seven-arrested-in-swiss-city-for-vandalism-inspired-by-french-riots/48635210 |title=Seven arrested in Swiss city for vandalism inspired by French riots |date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702183441/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/seven-arrested-in-swiss-city-for-vandalism-inspired-by-french-riots/48635210 |archive-date=2 July 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/vaud/des-violences-eclatent-a-lausanne-en-echo-a-la-situation-en-france |title=Des violences éclatent à Lausanne en écho à la situation en France |language=fr |trans-title=Violence erupts in Lausanne echoing the situation in France |work=[[Le Temps]] |date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702183444/https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/vaud/des-violences-eclatent-a-lausanne-en-echo-a-la-situation-en-france |archive-date=2 July 2023 |access-date=2 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[Quebec|Québec]], a demonstration happened in [[Montreal|Montréal]] in front of the [[Eaton Centre]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Une manifestation «en soutien à la France» devant le Centre Eaton |language=fr |trans-title= |date=3 July 2023 |url= https://journalmetro.com/local/ville-marie/3115524/une-manifestation-en-soutien-a-la-france-devant-le-centre-eaton/ |access-date=4 July 2023 |archive-date=4 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704125852/https://journalmetro.com/local/ville-marie/3115524/une-manifestation-en-soutien-a-la-france-devant-le-centre-eaton/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== Reactions == |
== Reactions == |
Revision as of 16:50, 10 July 2023
![]() | A request that this article title be changed to 2023 French riots is under discussion. Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed. |
Nahel Merzouk protests | |
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Part of Civil unrest in France | |
Date | 27 June – 4 July 2023 (8 days) |
Location | France and other French-speaking territories |
Caused by | Killing of Nahel Merzouk |
Methods | Riots, civil disobedience, civil resistance, protests, arson, looting[1] |
Casualties, arrests, and damages | |
Death(s) | 2 confirmed[2] |
Injuries | 808 officers[3] |
Arrested | 3,300+[4] |
Damage | > €1 billion (est.)[5] |
Property damage | 1,000+ buildings damaged 5,662 vehicles burned[6] |
A series of civil disturbances in France began on 27 June 2023 following the killing of Nahel Merzouk by a police officer in Nanterre, a suburb of Paris. Residents started a protest outside the police headquarters on 27 June, which later escalated into a riot as demonstrators set cars alight, destroyed bus stops, and shot fireworks at police.[7] In Viry-Châtillon, a town just south of Paris with a history of violence towards police,[8] a group of youths set a bus ablaze.[9]
In Mantes-la-Jolie, a town 40 km northwest of Paris,[10] the town hall was set ablaze after being firebombed[11] on the night of 27 June, burning until 03:15 (CEST).[9] Clashes continued throughout the night across France, including Toulouse and Lille.[9] Unrest was also reported in Asnières, Colombes, Suresnes, Aubervilliers, Clichy-sous-Bois and Mantes-la-Jolie.[12]
By 29 June, over 150 people had been arrested,[13] 24 officers had been injured, and 40 cars had been torched.[14][15] Fearing greater unrest, Gérald Darmanin, Interior Minister of France, deployed 1,200 riot police and gendarmes in and around Paris, later adding an additional 2,000.[9][14][15] On 29 June, Darmanin announced that the government would deploy 40,000 officers nationwide,[16] including RAID and GIGN counter-terrorist units,[17] to quell the violence.
Background
Killing of Nahel Merzouk
On 27 June 2023, at approximately 7:55 a.m. CEST, two Paris Police Prefecture officers spotted a Mercedes-AMG with a Polish registration plate speeding along a bus lane on Boulevard Jacques-Germain-Soufflot in Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France heading towards the Nanterre-Université rail station. The officers stopped the driver Nahel Merzouk who attempted to drive away; one officer fired at him at 8:16. The two passengers in the vehicle fled at 8:19.[18] Merzouk was pronounced dead at 9:15 a.m.[19]
On 29 June, his family filed a complaint for murder and false reporting, requesting that the case be moved away from Nanterre.[20]
2017 law concerning traffic stops
After police strikes following the burning of two police officers on 8 October 2016 in Viry-Châtillon, the law limiting police use of firearms strictly to cases of self-defense (like any other citizen) was revised in 2017 concerning refus d'obtempérer (refusals to submit to traffic stops).[21][8] The revised law permits police to shoot at a vehicle fleeing a traffic stop if the vehicle is putting its passengers or passersby in danger. This law resulted in thirteen deaths in 2022, six more than the year before.[22]
Civil unrest related to policing
The 2005 French riots were in reaction to the death of two Muslim teenagers, electrocuted while hiding from police in an electrical substation. Then-prime minister Dominique de Villepin and his Interior minister Nicolas Sarkozy suggested that the boys were thieves, which did little to calm the situation. Jacques Chirac declared a state of emergency, the protests lasted three weeks, and more than 4,000 people were arrested.[23]
In 2016, the death of Adama Traoré while he was under police custody resulted in protests. His sister, Assa Traoré, had charges filed against her by the government for organizing a memorial rally on 8 July 2023 in Paris despite a court ruling that the march could not take place in the originally planned towns north of Paris.[24]
Police brutality in France
The yellow vests protests in 2018[25][26] and the alleged violent excesses of the BRAV-M (a motorcycle brigade used to curb looting and violent actions at the margin of the protests against the pension reform)[27] led to increased public perceptions of police brutality. In April 2023, over 260,000 people signed an unsuccessful petition on the National Assembly website calling for the brigade to be disbanded.[28] The police officer who killed Merzouk was a former member of this motorcycle brigade and of a specialized urban violence unit in Seine-Saint-Denis.[29]
In 2020, widely-circulated video footage of police violence perpetrated against Michel Zecler , a black music producer, for not wearing a face-mask contradicted police testimony concerning the events.[30][31]
Racial profiling and false reporting
Alleged use of racial profiling in traffic stops and identity checks is a recurring issue, which, according to Henri Leclerc (emeritus president of the Human Rights League), contributed to the "revolt".[32] In 2016, the Court of Cassation found against the French state concerning racial profiling for identity checks, ruling that the practice was discriminatory. On this basis, in October 2020, a Parisian civil court awarded €58,500 to 11 plaintiffs who sued the French state for police violence, unjustified identity checks and improper arrests.[33]
On 9 June 2023, the state was condemned for wrongfully jailing seven young men in the case of the burned police officers in Viry-Châtillon mentioned above. A suit concerning police allegedly making false reports leading to the mens' initial condemnations is pending.[34] In an op-ed in Le Monde political scientist Emmanuel Blanchard considers the number of videos that undermine police versions of events "worrying", saying that multiple court cases have been decided based on what appears to be false police reports.[25]
Social problems
Mayors of some poor towns believe that the population's living conditions are the source of the riots. The mayor of Chanteloup-les-Vignes, Catherine Arenou, said: "What I see is that the population of 2023 is not the same as it was in 2005; it is poorer and poorer. Before, we still had a bit of upward social mobility. Now I see that the sons are not living as well as the fathers."
According to Philippe Rio, mayor of Grigny, "In 2005, we were already talking about extreme poverty. But COVID has made things even worse, and inflation has added yet another layer. ... [E]ven those who work can no longer get by. And children are witnessing ... their parents' inability to fill the fridge. They get the impression that they've been completely relegated."[35]
Events
Metropolitan France
Riots were reported in the evening of 27 June after videos of Merzouk's killing in Nanterre began to circulate. The urban unrest was concentrated in Nanterre, where rioters threw projectiles at police, let off fireworks, and set cars, bus shelters, rubbish bins, and a school on fire. Fires were also lit near the tracks of the RER A.[36] This rioting lasted until morning in Nanterre and spread to other areas in Île-de-France, but was also reported in Colmar and Roubaix. By the end of the day, there were at least 20 police officers injured, 10 police cars damaged, and 31 arrested.[37] 2,000 police officers and gendarmes were deployed to deal with the outbreak of violence.[38]
On 28 June, riots were reported in Amiens, Dijon, Lyon, Lille, Saint-Étienne, Clermont-Ferrand, and Strasbourg.[39] French media reported numerous incidents around the Greater Paris region. There were reports of fireworks being directed at the Montreuil Town Hall which is located at the eastern edge of Paris.[40] Fresnes Prison was also targeted by fireworks.[41] In Toulouse, arson and clashes between 100 demonstrators and police in the Reynerie district resulted in 13 arrests and 20 vehicles burned.[39] There were attacks reported on 27 national police stations (including 7 by arson), 4 gendarmerie barracks, 14 municipal police stations (including 10 by arson), 8 town halls, 6 schools, and 6 public buildings.[42] Clashing and the burning of vehicles continued in Nanterre; police stations in Suresnes, Bois-Colombes and Gennevilliers as well as municipal police stations in Meudon were attacked. Fires were set at media libraries, a construction machine in Clichy-sous-Bois, a school in Puteaux, and a tram in Clamart. Looting was reported in Colombes and town halls were attacked in Meudon and Châtenay-Malabry.[43] In total, more than 90 public buildings were attacked.[44] In Paris, clashes erupted in the 18th and 19th arrondissements, while fires were set in the 15th arrondissement.[41] Nationwide, at least 150 people were arrested,[39] 170 police officers were injured, and 609 vehicles plus 109 buildings were damaged.[42]
On 29 June, over 6,200 people participated in a march in support of Merzouk's family in Nanterre. By evening, tensions erupted and the BRI were sent to the scene. Buses and trams stopped running by evening to prevent damage, and several communes such as Clamart, Compiègne, and Savigny-le-Temple implemented curfews, with Savigny-le-Temple implementing a curfew only for minors.[42] Rioters in Marseille reportedly threw fireworks at police.[45] In Nanterre, rioters vandalised the Memorial to the Martyrs of the Deportation, which remembers victims of the Holocaust in Vichy France.[46] A car reportedly crashed into the a Lidl store in Nantes,[47] after which it was vandalized and looted.[48] There were also reports of the Clichy-sous-Bois town hall being lit on fire by rioters.[49] There were 875 arrests nationally.[50] A vigil march was held in Nanterre in memory of Merzouk.[51]
On 30 June, Interior Minister Gérald Darmanin instructed prefectures nationwide to order that all buses and trams stop service at 9 p.m., and to prohibit the sale and transport of fireworks mortars, petrol cans, and other dangerous substances.[52] President Emmanuel Macron canceled a scheduled trip to Germany to handle the issue, after being criticized for attending a concert during the ongoing crisis.[53][54] After an unauthorized demonstration against police violence in front of Angers city hall had been dispersed with tear gas, the protestors were accosted by members of the banned far-right group Alvarium armed with baseball bats. The situation was quickly defused by police with only one injury requiring hospitalization.[55] The group was involved in further conflict the following day, leading police to search their headquarters on 3 July.[56] The rioting in Angers – which included looting of a tobacco shop, cars burned, police targeted with fireworks, and damage to the ground floor of a retirement home – led to eleven arrests according to the prefecture, including "some very young minors".[55] In Brest, a new gym and a social center were destroyed by fire, while the city hall annex, two bank branches and a car dealership also reported damage.[57] When the owner of an LGBT bar, informed there was talk of targeting the bar on Telegram, called police they suggested he close down quickly, which he did, for five days.[58] In Marseille, the city's largest public library, the Bibliothèque l'Alcazar , sustained fire damage. Its glass façade was badly damaged, but rioters were unable to enter the building.[59] Meanwhile, in Nanterre, a Holocaust memorial was defaced with anti-police slogans.[60]
On 1 July, the national police announced that a group of police officers had been targeted earlier in the morning by two individuals in Vaulx-en-Velin, the first using a pellet gun, the second using a shotgun. Four officers were injured in the attacks, one of whom requiring surgery.[61]
On 2 July, the home of the mayor of L'Haÿ-les-Roses, Vincent Jeanbrun, was attacked in the suburbs south of Paris.[62] After the town hall had been targeted by rioters for several nights, the mayor had the building protected with barricades and barbed wire fencing and decided to spend the night there to monitor the security situation.[63] At 1:30 a.m. attackers rammed a car into the front gate of Jeanbrun's home and attempted to set the car on fire. Fleeing the house, his wife suffered a broken leg and one of their two young children was injured.[62] French Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne, who visited L'Haÿ-les-Roses hours later, called the attack on his family "particularly shocking". Prosecutor Stephane Hardouin confirmed that his office had opened an attempted murder investigation, while Jeanbrun called on President Macron to declare a state of emergency. In a tweet, Senate President Gérard Larcher condemned the attack, writing, "To attack the life of an elected representative and that of his family is to attack the nation."[63]
On 3 July, arrests and violent activity began to abate. A demonstration was held in support of a "return to Republican order" after the attack on the Paris suburb's mayor's home the previous day. There were still 24 buildings damaged in the Paris area and 159 cars set on fire.[64] In Marseilles, a gun store was broken into by 30 youths, one of whom was arrested in possession of a stolen rifle.[65] There were confirmed cases of rioters firing in the air using Kalashnikov assault rifles.[66] Gerard Darminin promised €20 million for the replacement of the 1000 videosurveillance cameras damaged during the rioting.[67]
On 4 July, prosecutors opened an investigation into the death of a 27-year-old man who was hit by a projectile during the riots in Marseille. They said that the likely cause of death was a violent shock to the chest from a "flash-ball" projectile, which is used by riot police.[68][69]
Overseas France
In French Guiana, riots and protests erupted in the capital city, Cayenne, beginning on 29 June, following those in Metropolitan France.[70][71] Rioters set fires in several neighborhoods across the city, including the Cité Brutus, Mango, Novaparc, and Village Chinois districts.[71][72] A 54-year-old government officer was killed by a stray bullet while standing on the balcony of his home in the Mont-Lucas district of Cayenne.[71][72] French gendarmes based in Kourou used tear gas to disperse a crowd that set a bus on fire and attacked a supermarket in the Soula district of Macouria commune.[72] Prefect of French Guiana Thierry Queffelec condemned the violence and announced the early shut down of Cayenne's public transportation system on 30 June, as well as a temporary ban on the sale and transportation of gasoline at night.[71]
Elsewhere in the French Caribbean, small demonstrations took place in Guadeloupe and Martinique. Martinican demonstrators set fires to garbage receptacles and cars in Fort-de-France, Le Carbet, and Le Robert and threw objects at responding firefighters.[72] No violence has been reported in Guadeloupe.[72]
In the overseas departments and region of Réunion, rioters vandalized buildings and cars, and reportedly threw objects at police beginning on 28 June.[71] More than 70 fires were set across the island on the night of 1 July, which was a decrease from that of the previous evenings.[73] Fires set by demonstrators were reported in the capital of Saint-Denis, and the communes of La Plaine-des-Palmistes, Le Port, La Possession, Le Tampon, Saint-Benoît, Saint-Louis, and Saint-Paul.[73]
International
In Belgium, some fires were lit in Brussels on 29 June and one person was arrested for rebellion. All told, in two days a little over 100 people (including many minors) were arrested in Brussels and in Liège[74] (where there were no incidents), most of them preemptively.[75] In Switzerland, of the seven people arrested in Lausanne for breaking shop windows six were minors, two of whom were not Swiss citizens.[76][77] In the Canadian province of Québec, a demonstration happened in Montréal in front of the Eaton Centre.[78]
Reactions
Public officials and media
In the same speech where Macron denounced the police actions, he also called for protesters to be peaceful.[15] Macron called upon parents to exercise influence on their children. He was critical of social media promoting videos of the urban conflict and complained of violence in video games which he said had "intoxicated" some teenagers.[79] Macron also threatened to cut off social media in response to the protests and riots, leading to accusations of authoritarianism.[80][81] The Interior Ministry urged for calm after the first day of unrest.[82] Nanterre mayor Patrick Jarry, though expressing "shock" over the video,[83] declared on a 28 June news conference that the prefecture had undergone "one of the worst days of its history", urging citizens to "stop this destructive spiral", and adding that "we want justice for Merzouk; we will obtain it through peaceful mobilization."[9]
According to BBC analysis, the thirteen deaths related to refusal to submit to traffic stops the previous year, along with the amplifying effects of social media, made the memory of the unrest in 2005 a key reason why Macron and the French political establishment reacted quickly to calm matters. During his presidency, there has already been significant "anger in the streets" during the yellow vests protests and the protests resulting from reforms of the French pension system.[84]
Alliance Police nationale alongside the UNSA union issued a statement stating "Faced with these savage hordes, it's no longer enough to call for calm, it must be imposed." It also claimed that they were "at war with vermin".[85][86][87]
The United Nations Human Rights Office issued a statement on 30 June urging France to seriously address the "deep-rooted issues of racism and racial discrimination" within its law enforcement agencies,[52] and by 2 July, the United States, Turkey, Canada and several European countries, including the United Kingdom and Norway, had recommended caution to their citizens in France, and warned tourists to stay away from areas affected by the protests.[88][89]
Misinformation
Misinformation about the protests was promoted by far-right and anti-migrant social media users to discredit the protesters, cultural minorities in France and the country's immigration policies. Hindu nationalists also promoted misinformation targeting Muslims.[90] Logically, a British disinformation analysis firm, found that islamophobic narratives about the protests gained momentum in India and the United States, with several leaders and supporters of India's Bharatiya Janata Party blaming Muslims for the violence.[91]
Video clips falsely linked to the protests were shared on social media, including footage from The Fate of the Furious of cars falling from a building,[92] a video of a fire at a parking lot in Australia,[93] footage taken at a music concert in Mexico[94] and a 2020 clip showing a Louis Vuitton store in Portland, Oregon in the United States being looted during the George Floyd protests.[95] A pro-Russian Twitter account shared a video of a man with a rifle on a roof, falsely claiming that the man was a sniper on Paris's rooftops.[90]
Paul Golding, leader of the British far-right party Britain First, shared a June 2020 video of armed men and falsely described it as "armed rioters show[ing] off their arsenal of weapons in France".[90] He also shared a February 2022 video of a robbery at the Merced Mall in California with the caption "Immigrant hordes loot a jewellery shop in France",[96] which he subsequently deleted.[91]
A fake press release supposedly from the Interior Ministry circulated on social media. It claimed that Internet access would be temporarily restricted in certain areas of the country. The French Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs issued a statement on Twitter saying that no such decision had been made.[97][98]
See also
References
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