Muinane language: Difference between revisions
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==Geographic distribution== |
==Geographic distribution== |
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Muinane is spoken by 150 people in Colombia along the Upper Cahuinarí river in the [[Department of Amazonas]]. There may be some speakers in Peru. |
Muinane is spoken by 150 people in Colombia along the Upper Cahuinarí river in the [[Amazonas (Colombian department)|Department of Amazonas]]. There may be some speakers in Peru. |
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==Phonology== |
==Phonology== |
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!Latin!!IPA!!Latin!!IPA!!Latin!!IPA!!Latin!!IPA!!Latin!!IPA!!Latin!!IPA |
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|a||{{IPA|/a/}}||b||{{IPA|/b/}}||c||{{IPA|/k/}} |
|a||{{IPA|/a/}}||b||{{IPA|/b/}}||c||{{IPA|/k/}}-{{IPA|/s/}} |
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|ch||{{IPA|/tʃ/}}||d||{{IPA|/d/}}||e||{{IPA|/e/}} |
|ch||{{IPA|/tʃ/}}||d||{{IPA|/d/}}||e||{{IPA|/e/}} |
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|f||{{IPA|/ɸ/}}||g||{{IPA|/ɡ/}}||h||{{IPA|/ʔ/}} |
|f||{{IPA|/ɸ/}}||g(u)||{{IPA|/ɡ/}}-{{IPA|/x/}}||h||{{IPA|/ʔ/}} |
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|i||{{IPA|/i/}}||ɨ||{{IPA|/ɨ/}}||j||{{IPA|/x/}} |
|i||{{IPA|/i/}}||ɨ||{{IPA|/ɨ/}}||j||{{IPA|/x/}} |
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|ñ||{{IPA|/ɲ/}}||o||{{IPA|/o/}}||p||{{IPA|/p/}} |
|ñ||{{IPA|/ɲ/}}||o||{{IPA|/o/}}||p||{{IPA|/p/}} |
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|qu||{{IPA|/k/}}||r||{{IPA|/r/}}||z||{{IPA|/s/}} |
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|s||{{IPA|/ʃ/}}||t||{{IPA|/t/}}||u||{{IPA|/u/}} |
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||v||{{IPA|/β/}}||y||{{IPA|/j/}}|| || || || || || || || |
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Latest revision as of 10:45, 18 April 2024
Muinane | |
---|---|
Muìnánɨ | |
Native to | Colombia |
Region | Puerto Santander, Amazonas; between Caquetá River and Yari River in Caquetá Department |
Ethnicity | 2,100 (2018)[1] |
Native speakers | 150 (2007)[1] |
?Bora–Witoto
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | bmr |
Glottolog | muin1242 |
ELP | Muinane |
Muinane is an indigenous American language spoken in Colombia.
Classification
[edit]Muinane belongs to the Boran language family, along with Bora.
Geographic distribution
[edit]Muinane is spoken by 150 people in Colombia along the Upper Cahuinarí river in the Department of Amazonas. There may be some speakers in Peru.
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar/ Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ||
Plosive | p b | t d | tʲ dʲ | k ɡ | ʔ |
Affricate | tʃ dʒ | ||||
Fricative | ɸ β | s | ʃ j | x | |
Trill | r | rʲ |
- Voiceless stops and affricates contrast with their geminate counterparts: tː tʃː tʲː kː.
Vowels
[edit]Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
High | i | ɨ | u |
Low | ɛ | a | o |
Tone
[edit]There are two tones in Muinane: high and low.
Grammar
[edit]Word order in Muinane is generally SOV. Case marking is nominative–accusative.
Writing System
[edit]Muinane is written using a Latin alphabet. A chart of symbols with the sounds they represent is as follows:
Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA | Latin | IPA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | /a/ | b | /b/ | c | /k/-/s/ | ch | /tʃ/ | d | /d/ | e | /e/ |
f | /ɸ/ | g(u) | /ɡ/-/x/ | h | /ʔ/ | i | /i/ | ɨ | /ɨ/ | j | /x/ |
ll | /dʒ/ | m | /m/ | n | /n/ | ñ | /ɲ/ | o | /o/ | p | /p/ |
qu | /k/ | r | /r/ | z | /s/ | s | /ʃ/ | t | /t/ | u | /u/ |
v | /β/ | y | /j/ |
- Palatalized consonants are written using the unpalatalized forms plus y: ty /tʲ/, dy /dʲ/, ry /rʲ/. For the purposes of alphabetization, these are considered sequences of letters.
- Tone is not generally indicated in writing. When it is shown, it is indicated by an acute accent over the vowel: á, é, í, ɨ́, ó, ú.
- The Muinane writing system is based on Spanish orthography. For that reason, the sound /k/ is written as c before a, ɨ, o, and u and as qu before e and i. Likewise, the sound /ɡ/ is written as gu before e and i, and g elsewhere.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Muinane at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
Sources
[edit]- Aschmann, Richard P. (1993), Proto-Witotoan, Arlington, TX: SIL International, ISBN 0-88312-189-1
- Walton, James P.; Walton, Janice W.; Pakky de Buenaventure, Clementina (1997), Diccionario Bilingüe Muinane-Español/Español-Muinane, Santafé de Bogotá: Editorial Buena Semilla, OCLC 468683910