Autonomous okrugs of Russia: Difference between revisions

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Autonomous okrug (district, area, region) is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously a type of administrative division of some federal subjects. As of 2008, the Russian Federation is divided into 83 federal subjects, of which four are avtonomnyye okruga ("autonomous districts", sing. avtonomny okrug). Template:TOCnestright

History

Originally called national okrugs, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term "national okrugs" to "autonomous okrugs" in order to empasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution postulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised in December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before.

Recent developments

As of 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Their current status (as of August 2008) within the Russian Federation is given in parentheses for autonomous okrugs which had a change in status:

Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug (now Agin-Buryat Okrug of Zabaykalsky Krai)
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug within Magadan Oblast (no longer subordinated to Magadan Oblast)
Evenk Autonomous Okrug within Krasnoyarsk Krai (now Evenkiysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai)
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug within Tyumen Oblast
Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug (now Komi-Permyak Okrug of Perm Krai)
Koryak Autonomous Okrug within Kamchatka Oblast (now Koryak Okrug of Kamchatka Krai)
Nenets Autonomous Okrug within Arkhangelsk Oblast
Taymyr Autonomous Okrug within Krasnoyarsk Krai (now Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai)
Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug within Irkutsk Oblast (now Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug of Irkutsk Oblast)
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug within Tyumen Oblast

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 . [[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]]]]
-An '''Autonomous districts of Russia''' or '''autonomous [[okrug]] ([[Russian language]])''' may refer to administrative units created for a number of smaller nations in the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[Russian Federation]], which were given autonomy within the [[oblast]]s or [[krai]]s. Currently, the [[Russian Federation]] is divided into 83&nbsp;[[federal subjects of Russia|federal subjects]], of which four are ''avtonomnyye okruga'' ("autonomous districts", [[Grammatical number|sing.]] ''avtonomny [[okrug]]'').
+'''Autonomous [[okrug]]''' (district, area, region) is a type of [[federal subject of Russia|federal subject]] of [[Russia]] and simultaneously a type of administrative division of some federal subjects.  As of 2008, the Russian Federation is divided into 83&nbsp;federal subjects, of which four are ''avtonomnyye okruga'' ("autonomous districts", [[Grammatical number|sing.]] ''avtonomny [[okrug]]'').
 {{TOCnestright}}
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 Originally called '''national okrugs''', this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide [[autonomy]] to indigenous peoples of the North.  In 1977, the [[1977 Soviet Constitution]] changed the term "national okrugs" to "autonomous okrugs" in order to empasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution postulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the [[oblast]]s and [[krai]]s, this clause was revised in [[December 15]], [[1990]], when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the [[Russian SFSR]], although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before.
-==Past and present==
+==Recent developments==
-As of 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR.  Their current status (as of December 2007) within the Russian Federation is given in parentheses for autonomous okrugs which had a change in status:
+As of 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR.  Their current status (as of August 2008) within the Russian Federation is given in parentheses for autonomous okrugs which had a change in status:
-*[[Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug]] (now [[Agin-Buryat Okrug]] within [[Zabaykalsky Krai]])
+*Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug (now [[Agin-Buryat Okrug]] of [[Zabaykalsky Krai]])
 *[[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]] within [[Magadan Oblast]] (no longer subordinated to Magadan Oblast)
-*[[Evenk Autonomous Okrug]] within [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] (now merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai)
+*Evenk Autonomous Okrug within [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] (now [[Evenkiysky District]] of Krasnoyarsk Krai)
 *[[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]] within [[Tyumen Oblast]]
-*Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug (now [[Komi-Permyak Okrug]] within [[Perm Krai]])
+*Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug (now [[Komi-Permyak Okrug]] of [[Perm Krai]])
-*Koryak Autonomous Okrug within [[Kamchatka Oblast]] (now [[Koryak Okrug]] within [[Kamchatka Krai]])
+*Koryak Autonomous Okrug within [[Kamchatka Oblast]] (now [[Koryak Okrug]] of [[Kamchatka Krai]])
 *[[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] within [[Arkhangelsk Oblast]]
-*[[Taymyr Autonomous Okrug]] within [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] (now merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai)
+*[[Taymyr Autonomous Okrug]] within [[Krasnoyarsk Krai]] (now [[Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District]] of Krasnoyarsk Krai)
-*[[Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug]] within [[Irkutsk Oblast]] (now merged into Irkutsk Oblast)
+*Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug within [[Irkutsk Oblast]] (now [[Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug]] of Irkutsk Oblast)
 *[[Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug]] within [[Tyumen Oblast]]

Revision as of 20:08, 6 August 2008

History

Recent developments

See also