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{{Infobox Person
JANE ADDAMS
| name = Jane Addams
| image = Jane Addams profile.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date|1860|9|6|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cedarville, Illinois| Cedarville, Illinois]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1935|5|21|1860|9|6}}
| death_place = [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]
| occupation = Activist
| spouse =
| parents = [[John H. Addams]] and Sarah Weber
| children =
}}
''' Jane Addams''' (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a founder of the [[U.S.]] [[Settlement House]] movement, and the first American woman to be awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].


==Biography==
Born: September 6, 1860 in Cedarville, Illinois
Born in [[Cedarville, Illinois]], Jane Addams was the eighth of nine children born into a prosperous, loving family.<ref name= Nobel>{{cite book | last = Haberman | first = Frederick | title = Nobel Lectures, Peace 1926-1950 | publisher = Elsevier Publishing Company | date = 1972 | location = Amsterdam | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1931/addams-bio.html }}</ref> Although she was the eighth child, three of her siblings died in infancy leaving only four to mature. <ref>Firor Scott, Anne, and James Weber Linn. Jane Addams: A Biography. Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2000. 22. </ref> Her mother, Sarah Addams ([[married and maiden names|née]] Weber), died during pregnancy when Jane was just two years old. Jane's father, John H. Addams, was the President of The Second National Bank of Freeport, the Senator of Illinois from 1854 to 1870, and owned the local grain mill. Her father also was a founding member of the Republican Party and supported Abraham Lincoln. Jane was a first cousin twice removed to [[Charles Addams]], noted cartoonist for ''[[The New Yorker]]''.<ref>Davis, Linda H. ''Charles Addams: A Cartoonist's Life''. Random House, Inc. 2006.</ref> She was born with Pott's disease which caused a curvature or the spine and caused health problems for Jane throughout her life.


Addams' father encouraged her to pursue a higher education, but not at the expense of losing her femininity and the prospect of marriage and motherhood, as expected of upper class young women. She was educated in the [[United States]] and [[Europe]], graduating from the Rockford Female Seminary (now [[Rockford College]]) in [[Rockford, Illinois]]. After Rockford, she wanted to pursue a degree in [[medicine]], but her parents felt that she should not forget the common path of upper class young women. After her father's sudden death, Jane inherited $50,000 which she used to attend the Women's Medical College of Philadelphia. In 1885, Jane set off for a two year tour of Europe and went back again for a second tour in 1887. During her second tour, Jane visited London's Toynbee Hall which was a settlement house for boys based on the new philosophy of charity. Toynbee Hall was Jane's main inspiration for Hull House.
Died: May 21, 1935 (aged 74) in Chicago, Illinois
===Hull House===


[[Image:Jane Addams in a car.jpg|left|thumb|Jane Addams in a car, 1915]]
Occupation: Activist Parents: John H. Addams and Sarah Weber
In 1889 she and her college friend, [[Ellen Gates Starr]],<ref>Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression in Social Work Practice: Working with Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender People
By Deana F. Morrow, Lori Messinger, p.9</ref> co-founded [[Hull House]] in [[Chicago, Illinois]], one of the first [[settlement house]]s in the United States. The house was named after Charles Hull, who built the building in 1856. When starting out, all of the funding for the Hull House came from the $50,000 estate she inherited after her father passed away. Later in time, the Hull House was sponsored by Helen Culver, a wealthy real estate agent who had leased the house to the women at the start.<ref> Bissell Brown, Victoria. “Jane Addams.” American National Biography online. Feb. 2000. Oxford University Press. 26 Oct. 2008 http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00004.html. </ref> Jane and Ellen were the first two occupants of the house, which would later be the residence of about 25 women. At its height, Hull House was visited each week by around 2000 people. Its facilities included a night school for adults, [[kindergarten]] classes, clubs for older children, a public kitchen, an [[art gallery]], a [[coffeehouse]], a [[gym]]nasium, a girls club, a swimming pool, a [[Bookbinding|book bindery]], a [[music school]], a drama group, a library, and labor-related divisions. Her adult night school was a forerunner of the [[continuing education]] classes offered by many [[universities]] today. In addition to making available services and cultural opportunities for the largely immigrant population of the neighborhood, Hull House afforded an opportunity for young social workers to acquire training. Eventually, the Hull House was a 13 building settlement and included a playground.


[[Image:Jane Addams speaking to a crowd.jpg|thumb|Jane Addams speaks to a crowd, 1915]]
Jane Addams was a founder of the U.S. Settlement House movements, and the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize--WHAT I FOUND MOST IMPORTANT!
Hull House also served as a women's [[Sociology|sociological]] institution. Addams was a friend and colleague to the early members of the [[Chicago School of Sociology]], influencing their thought through her work in [[applied sociology]] and, in 1893, co-authoring the ''Hull-House Maps and Papers'' that came to define the interests and methodologies of the School. She worked with [[George H. Mead]] on social reform issues including promoting [[women's rights]], ending child labor, and the mediating during the [[1910 Garment Workers' Strike]]. Although academic sociologists of the time defined her work as "[[social work]]", Addams did not consider herself a social worker. She combined the central concepts of [[symbolic interactionism]] with the theories of [[cultural feminism]] and [[pragmatism]] to form her sociological ideas. <ref>Deegan, 1988</ref>


Addams worked with labour as well as other reform groups toward goals including the first juvenile-court law, tenement-house regulation, an eight-hour working day for women, factory inspection, and workers' compensation. She strove in addition for justice for immigrants and blacks, advocated research aimed at determining the causes of poverty and crime, and supported woman suffrage.
Among the projects that the members of the Hull House opened were the Immigrants' Protective League, the [[Juvenile Protective Association]], the first [[juvenile court]] in the United States, and a Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic.<ref>The "Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic" was later called the "Institute for Juvenile Research", see: {{cite web| url = http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/ja_bio.html | title = ''Jane Addams Hull-House Museum'' at the University of Illinois at Chigao| accessdate = 2007-11-24}}</ref>


===Peace Movement===
• BIOGRAPHY*
[[Image:Jane Addams and Miss Elizabeth Burke.jpg|thumb|left|Delegation to the Women's Suffrage Legislature Jane Addams (left) and Miss Elizabeth Burke of the University of Chicago, 1911]]


The harsh criticism received by Addams never stopped her from putting forth a great amount of effort and energy into Hull House. She even had the time to work on international peace efforts.
Jane Addams was born September 6, 1980 in Cedar ville, Illinois. She died May 21, 1935 at the age of 74 in Chicago, Illinois. She was the eighth of nine children in her loving family. Her mother's name was Sarah and her father's name was John. Her father, John was a prosperous miller and local political leader who served for sixteen years as a state senator and fought as an officer in the Civil War. Addams was born with a congenital spinal defect which affected her health throughout her life. Her father encouraged her to purse a higher education. In 1882, Jane Addams graduated from Rockford Female Seminary in Rockford, Illinois. She was the valedictorian of a class of seventeen. In the course of the next six years she began the study of medicine but left it because of poor health. She was hospitalized intermittently. Then she traveled and studied in Europe for twenty-one months and then spent almost two years in reading and writing, and in considering what her future objectives should be. She visited Europe when she was 27 years old, visiting Toynbee Hall, a settlement house in the East end of London. This visit helped to finalize the idea then current in her mind, that of opening a similar house in an underprivileged area of Chicago. While in London, Addams was influenced by the essay "The Bitter Cry of Outcast London." She visited Europe when she was twenty seven years old and visited Toynbee Hall, which was a settlement house in the East end of London.
• What she did*


Jane was elected president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom which entailed her to traveled often to Europe and Asia. During these travels, she would spend time meeting with a wide variety of diplomats and civic leaders and reiterating her Victorian belief in women's special mission to preserve peace. Recognition of these efforts came with the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Addams in 1931. As the first U.S. woman to win the prize, Addams was applauded for her "expression of an essentially American democracy of spirit."
In 1889 she found Hull House in Chicago, Illinois. This was one of the first settlement houses in the US. Hull House was visited each week by 2000 people. It's facilities included a night school for adults, kindergarten classes, clubs, a public kitchen, an art gallery, a coffee house, a gymnasium, a girls club, a swimming pool, a book bindery, a music school, a drama group, a library, and later related divisions. Her adult night school was a forerunner of the continuing education classed offered by many Universities today. Hull House also served as a woman's sociological institution. In 1910, she worked with George H. Meadon on a social reform that had issued including promoting woman's rights and ending child labor at the Garment Worker's Strike. She was the Hull House's first resident. She helped organize the woman's Peace Party and the International League for peace and freedom. She continued in this presidency until her death. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize 1930 for her work withe the W omen's International League for peace and freedom. She was a member of NAACP (Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority), and the first vice president of the Nation American Woman Suffrage Association in 1911. In 1901, she found the Juvenile Protective Association, a private nonprofit organization in Chicago. This protects children from abuse and neglect. She was also involved with Pi Gamma mu, which is the social science honor society because of its emphasis on social service and the humanization of the social science disciplines. The Jane Addams Peace Association together with the Woman's International League for peace and freedom give the annual Jane Addams Children Book awards to children book that promote peace, equality, multiculturalism, and peaceful solutions.
As her reputation grew, Addams was drawn into larger fields of civic responsibility. In 1905 she was appointed to Chicago's Board of Education and subsequently made chairman of the School Management Committee; in 1908 she participated in the founding of the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy and in the next year became the first woman president of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections. In her own area of Chicago she led investigations on midwifery, narcotics consumption, milk supplies, and sanitary conditions, even going so far as to accept the official post of garbage inspector of the Nineteenth Ward, at an annual salary of a thousand dollars. In 1910 she received the first honorary degree ever awarded to a woman by Yale University.


===Personal relationships===
After sustaining a heart attack in 1926, Miss Addams never fully regained her health. Indeed, she was being admitted to a Baltimore hospital on the very day, December 10, 1931, that the Nobel Peace Prize was being awarded to her in Oslo. She died in 1935 three days after an operation revealed unsuspected cancer. The funeral service was held in the courtyard of Hull-House.

Throughout her life Addams was close to many women and was very good at eliciting the involvement of women from different classes in Hull House's programs. Her closest adult companion and friend was Mary Rozet Smith, who supported Addams's work at Hull House, and with whom she owned a summer house in [[Bar Harbor, Maine]].

The exact nature of their relationship has become a controversy after her death, with some historians believing Addams was a [[lesbian]] and in love with Smith, and others calling their relationship a [[romantic friendship]], saying that while the women loved each other and lived together, that did not necessarily indicate a sexual relationship.<ref>Sarah Holmes, ''Who's who in Gay and Lesbian History'', London, 2000.</ref><ref name=Loerzel>[http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/June-2008/Friends-With-Benefits/"Friends—With Benefits?"], By Robert Loerzel, ''[[Chicago Magazine]]'', June 2008.</ref><ref name=>[http://www.chicagofreepress.com/node/1819 "Community discusses ‘recovery’ of Jane Addams as lesbian"], By Matt Simonette, May 14, 2008, ''[[Chicago Free Press]]''.</ref><ref name=Schoenberg>"Hull-House Museum poses the question `Was Jane Addams a Lesbian?'", By Nara Schoenberg, 13 February 2007, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''. [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-31575983_ITM Online at AccessMyLibrary.com]</ref><ref name=Brown>''The Education of Jane Addams'', By Victoria Bissell Brown, page 361. [http://books.google.com/books?id=In0FyWy858gC&dq=jane+addams+lesbian&pg=PP1&ots=gKqddAVrJb&source=citation&sig=peSm-VgHEGucIdeQgI__hHcbOlU&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=11&ct=result#PPA361,M1 Online at Google Books].</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[Image:Addams.JPG|right|thumb|250px|A wall-mounted quote by Jane Addams in [[The American Adventure]] in the World Showcase pavilion of [[Walt Disney World]]'s [[Epcot]].]]
Addams was a member of the [[NAACP]], [[Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority]], and the first vice-president of the [[History of women's suffrage in the United States|National American Woman Suffrage Association]] in 1911. In 1901 she founded the Juvenile Court Committee which has since become the [[Juvenile Protective Association]], a private nonprofit organization in Chicago that protects children from abuse and neglect.
She was also actively involved with [[Pi Gamma Mu]], the social science honor society, from the 1920s until her death, because of its emphasis on social service and the humanization of the social science disciplines. In 1998 the British Columbia Branch of the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]] commissioned Canadian artist [[Christian Cardell Corbet]] to create a bronze medallion of Addams to celebrate her life and achievements. The medallion has since been collected by several important museums.

The Jane Addams Peace Association, together with the [[Women's International League for Peace and Freedom]], give the annual [[Jane Addams Children's Book Awards]] to children's books that promote peace, equality, multiculturalism, and peaceful solutions.

A 2007 joint resolution of the [[Illinois General Assembly]], HJR 19 ([[Barbara Flynn Currie|Currie]]), would rename the [[Northwest Tollway]] as the ''Jane Addams Memorial Tollway''.

Jane Addams House is a residence hall built in 1947 at [[Connecticut College]].

Hull House had to be demolished for the establishment of the Chicago campus of the University of Illinois in 1963 and relocated. The Hull residence itself was preserved as a monument to Jane Addams.

[[Jane Addams Business Careers Center]] is a high school in [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]], [[Ohio]].

The Jane Addams Trail is a bicycling, hiking, snowmobiling, and cross country skiing trail which stretches from Freeport, Illinois to the Wisconsin state line. It is {{convert|12.85|mi|km}} long, and is part of the larger [[Grand Illinois Trail]], which is over {{convert|575|mi|km}} long. <ref>[http://www.bikelib.org/git/index.htm Grand Illinois Trail Guide - bikeGIT.org. Hosted by the League of Illinois Bicyclists<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The trail is located near her birthplace of Cedarville, Illinois.<ref>[http://www.janeaddamstrail.com/ Jane Addams Trail – Part of the Grand Illinois Trail<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Florence Kelley]]
* [[Flora Dunlap]]
* [[Mary Treglia]]
* [[Jane Addams Burial Site]]
* [[Jane Addams School for Democracy]]
* [[John H. Addams Homestead]]
* [[John Dewey]]
* [[Community practice|Community practice social work]]
* [[Stanton Street Settlement]]

==References==
[[Image:Jane addams stamp.JPG|thumbnail|right|140px|'''Jane Addams''' on a [[United States|US]] [[postage stamp]] of 1940]]
{{reflist}}

===Further reading===
* Bowen, Louise de Koven. ''Growing up with Pity''. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1926.
* Deegan, Mary. ''Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892-1918''. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, Inc., 1988.
* Knight, Louise W. ''Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
* Polacheck, Hilda Satt. ''I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl''. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1989.
* Stiehm, Judith Hicks. "''Champions for Peace : Women Winners of the Nobel Peace Prize.''” Rowman and Littlefield, 2006.

== External links ==
{{Wikisource author}}
{{wikiquote}}
{{commons|Jane Addams}}

* {{sep entry|addams-jane|Jane Addams|Maurice Hamington}} Looks at her as "the first woman 'public philosopher' in United States history".
* {{gutenberg author|id=Jane_Addams|name=Jane Addams}}
* Harvard University Library Open Collections Program. Women Working, 1870-1930. [http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/people_addams.html Jane Addams (1860-1935).] A full-text searchable online database with complete access to publications written by Jane Addams.
* [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/search?author=Addams&amode=start Works by Jane Addams] listed at the [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/ Online Books Page]
*[http://www.uic.edu/jaddams/hull/hull_house.html Jane Addams Hull-House Museum]
*[http://www.attackingthedevil.co.uk/related/outcast.php/ The Bitter Cry of Outcast London] by Rev. Andrew Mearns
*[http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/Exhibits/janeaddams/addamsindex.htm Online photograph exhibit of Jane Addams from Swarthmore College's Peace Collection]
*[http://www.fyne.co.uk/index.php?item=688 Gay Great article in Fyne Times magazine]
*[http://www.taylorstreetarchives.com Taylor Street Archives; Hull House: Bowen Country Club]

{{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1926-1950}}
{{Social work}}

{{Persondata
|NAME = Addams, Jane
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = American activist and pacifist
|DATE OF BIRTH = September 6, 1860
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Cedarville, Illinois|Cedarville]], [[Illinois]], [[United States]]
|DATE OF DEATH = May 21, 1935
|PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Addams, Jane}}
[[Category:1860 births]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
[[Category:20th century philosophers]]
[[Category:American memoirists]]
[[Category:American pacifists]]
[[Category:American political writers]]
[[Category:American sociologists]]
[[Category:American philosophers]]
[[Category:English Americans]]
[[Category:German-Americans]]
[[Category:Child labor in the United States]]
[[Category:Children's rights activists]]
[[Category:Community organizers]]
[[Category:Rockford College alumni]]
[[Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates]]
[[Category:Nonviolence advocates]]
[[Category:People from Chicago, Illinois]]
[[Category:People from Stephenson County, Illinois]]
[[Category:Cancer deaths in Illinois]]
[[Category:LGBT people from the United States]]

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Revision as of 17:50, 7 November 2008

Jane Addams
Born(1860-09-06)September 6, 1860
Cedarville, Illinois
DiedMay 21, 1935(1935-05-21) (aged 74)
Chicago, Illinois
OccupationActivist
Parent(s)John H. Addams and Sarah Weber

Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 – May 21, 1935) was a founder of the U.S. Settlement House movement, and the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Biography

Born in Cedarville, Illinois, Jane Addams was the eighth of nine children born into a prosperous, loving family.[1] Although she was the eighth child, three of her siblings died in infancy leaving only four to mature. [2] Her mother, Sarah Addams (née Weber), died during pregnancy when Jane was just two years old. Jane's father, John H. Addams, was the President of The Second National Bank of Freeport, the Senator of Illinois from 1854 to 1870, and owned the local grain mill. Her father also was a founding member of the Republican Party and supported Abraham Lincoln. Jane was a first cousin twice removed to Charles Addams, noted cartoonist for The New Yorker.[3] She was born with Pott's disease which caused a curvature or the spine and caused health problems for Jane throughout her life.

Addams' father encouraged her to pursue a higher education, but not at the expense of losing her femininity and the prospect of marriage and motherhood, as expected of upper class young women. She was educated in the United States and Europe, graduating from the Rockford Female Seminary (now Rockford College) in Rockford, Illinois. After Rockford, she wanted to pursue a degree in medicine, but her parents felt that she should not forget the common path of upper class young women. After her father's sudden death, Jane inherited $50,000 which she used to attend the Women's Medical College of Philadelphia. In 1885, Jane set off for a two year tour of Europe and went back again for a second tour in 1887. During her second tour, Jane visited London's Toynbee Hall which was a settlement house for boys based on the new philosophy of charity. Toynbee Hall was Jane's main inspiration for Hull House.

Hull House

Jane Addams in a car, 1915

In 1889 she and her college friend, Ellen Gates Starr,[4] co-founded Hull House in Chicago, Illinois, one of the first settlement houses in the United States. The house was named after Charles Hull, who built the building in 1856. When starting out, all of the funding for the Hull House came from the $50,000 estate she inherited after her father passed away. Later in time, the Hull House was sponsored by Helen Culver, a wealthy real estate agent who had leased the house to the women at the start.[5] Jane and Ellen were the first two occupants of the house, which would later be the residence of about 25 women. At its height, Hull House was visited each week by around 2000 people. Its facilities included a night school for adults, kindergarten classes, clubs for older children, a public kitchen, an art gallery, a coffeehouse, a gymnasium, a girls club, a swimming pool, a book bindery, a music school, a drama group, a library, and labor-related divisions. Her adult night school was a forerunner of the continuing education classes offered by many universities today. In addition to making available services and cultural opportunities for the largely immigrant population of the neighborhood, Hull House afforded an opportunity for young social workers to acquire training. Eventually, the Hull House was a 13 building settlement and included a playground.

Jane Addams speaks to a crowd, 1915

Hull House also served as a women's sociological institution. Addams was a friend and colleague to the early members of the Chicago School of Sociology, influencing their thought through her work in applied sociology and, in 1893, co-authoring the Hull-House Maps and Papers that came to define the interests and methodologies of the School. She worked with George H. Mead on social reform issues including promoting women's rights, ending child labor, and the mediating during the 1910 Garment Workers' Strike. Although academic sociologists of the time defined her work as "social work", Addams did not consider herself a social worker. She combined the central concepts of symbolic interactionism with the theories of cultural feminism and pragmatism to form her sociological ideas. [6]

Addams worked with labour as well as other reform groups toward goals including the first juvenile-court law, tenement-house regulation, an eight-hour working day for women, factory inspection, and workers' compensation. She strove in addition for justice for immigrants and blacks, advocated research aimed at determining the causes of poverty and crime, and supported woman suffrage. Among the projects that the members of the Hull House opened were the Immigrants' Protective League, the Juvenile Protective Association, the first juvenile court in the United States, and a Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic.[7]

Peace Movement

Delegation to the Women's Suffrage Legislature Jane Addams (left) and Miss Elizabeth Burke of the University of Chicago, 1911

The harsh criticism received by Addams never stopped her from putting forth a great amount of effort and energy into Hull House. She even had the time to work on international peace efforts.

Jane was elected president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom which entailed her to traveled often to Europe and Asia. During these travels, she would spend time meeting with a wide variety of diplomats and civic leaders and reiterating her Victorian belief in women's special mission to preserve peace. Recognition of these efforts came with the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Addams in 1931. As the first U.S. woman to win the prize, Addams was applauded for her "expression of an essentially American democracy of spirit."

Personal relationships

Throughout her life Addams was close to many women and was very good at eliciting the involvement of women from different classes in Hull House's programs. Her closest adult companion and friend was Mary Rozet Smith, who supported Addams's work at Hull House, and with whom she owned a summer house in Bar Harbor, Maine.

The exact nature of their relationship has become a controversy after her death, with some historians believing Addams was a lesbian and in love with Smith, and others calling their relationship a romantic friendship, saying that while the women loved each other and lived together, that did not necessarily indicate a sexual relationship.[8][9][10][11][12]

Legacy

File:Addams.JPG
A wall-mounted quote by Jane Addams in The American Adventure in the World Showcase pavilion of Walt Disney World's Epcot.

Addams was a member of the NAACP, Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, and the first vice-president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1911. In 1901 she founded the Juvenile Court Committee which has since become the Juvenile Protective Association, a private nonprofit organization in Chicago that protects children from abuse and neglect. She was also actively involved with Pi Gamma Mu, the social science honor society, from the 1920s until her death, because of its emphasis on social service and the humanization of the social science disciplines. In 1998 the British Columbia Branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom commissioned Canadian artist Christian Cardell Corbet to create a bronze medallion of Addams to celebrate her life and achievements. The medallion has since been collected by several important museums.

The Jane Addams Peace Association, together with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, give the annual Jane Addams Children's Book Awards to children's books that promote peace, equality, multiculturalism, and peaceful solutions.

A 2007 joint resolution of the Illinois General Assembly, HJR 19 (Currie), would rename the Northwest Tollway as the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway.

Jane Addams House is a residence hall built in 1947 at Connecticut College.

Hull House had to be demolished for the establishment of the Chicago campus of the University of Illinois in 1963 and relocated. The Hull residence itself was preserved as a monument to Jane Addams.

Jane Addams Business Careers Center is a high school in Cleveland, Ohio.

The Jane Addams Trail is a bicycling, hiking, snowmobiling, and cross country skiing trail which stretches from Freeport, Illinois to the Wisconsin state line. It is 12.85 miles (20.68 km) long, and is part of the larger Grand Illinois Trail, which is over 575 miles (925 km) long. [13] The trail is located near her birthplace of Cedarville, Illinois.[14]

See also

References

Jane Addams on a US postage stamp of 1940
  1. ^ Haberman, Frederick (1972). Nobel Lectures, Peace 1926-1950. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company.
  2. ^ Firor Scott, Anne, and James Weber Linn. Jane Addams: A Biography. Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 2000. 22.
  3. ^ Davis, Linda H. Charles Addams: A Cartoonist's Life. Random House, Inc. 2006.
  4. ^ Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression in Social Work Practice: Working with Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender People By Deana F. Morrow, Lori Messinger, p.9
  5. ^ Bissell Brown, Victoria. “Jane Addams.” American National Biography online. Feb. 2000. Oxford University Press. 26 Oct. 2008 http://www.anb.org/articles/15/15-00004.html.
  6. ^ Deegan, 1988
  7. ^ The "Juvenile Psychopathic Clinic" was later called the "Institute for Juvenile Research", see: "Jane Addams Hull-House Museum at the University of Illinois at Chigao". Retrieved 2007-11-24.
  8. ^ Sarah Holmes, Who's who in Gay and Lesbian History, London, 2000.
  9. ^ "Friends—With Benefits?", By Robert Loerzel, Chicago Magazine, June 2008.
  10. ^ "Community discusses ‘recovery’ of Jane Addams as lesbian", By Matt Simonette, May 14, 2008, Chicago Free Press.
  11. ^ "Hull-House Museum poses the question `Was Jane Addams a Lesbian?'", By Nara Schoenberg, 13 February 2007, Chicago Tribune. Online at AccessMyLibrary.com
  12. ^ The Education of Jane Addams, By Victoria Bissell Brown, page 361. Online at Google Books.
  13. ^ Grand Illinois Trail Guide - bikeGIT.org. Hosted by the League of Illinois Bicyclists
  14. ^ Jane Addams Trail – Part of the Grand Illinois Trail

Further reading

  • Bowen, Louise de Koven. Growing up with Pity. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1926.
  • Deegan, Mary. Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892-1918. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, Inc., 1988.
  • Knight, Louise W. Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
  • Polacheck, Hilda Satt. I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1989.
  • Stiehm, Judith Hicks. "Champions for Peace : Women Winners of the Nobel Peace Prize.” Rowman and Littlefield, 2006.
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