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===Minnesota===
===Minnesota===
On April 30, 2009, the Minnesota Department of Health announced that the first case of "H1N1 novel influenza virus" in the state has now been confirmed by the [[CDC]]. The infected individual is an unidentified resident of [[Cold Spring, Minnesota]]. Two schools in the affected city will remain closed until May 6, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Test confirms state's 1st case of swine flu|date=2009-04-30|publisher=[[Star Tribune]]|accessdate=2009-04-30|url=http://www.startribune.com/local/44046077.html|author=Lerner, Mara, Josephine Marcotty, and Bob von Sternberg}}</ref>
On April 30, 2009, the Minnesota Department of Health announced that the first case of "H1N1 novel influenza virus" in the state has now been confirmed by the [[CDC]]. The infected individual is an unidentified resident of [[Cold Spring, Minnesota]]. Two schools in the affected city will remain closed until May 6, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Test confirms state's 1st case of swine flu|date=2009-04-30|publisher=[[Star Tribune]]|accessdate=2009-04-30|url=http://www.startribune.com/local/44046077.html|author=Lerner, Mara, Josephine Marcotty, and Bob von Sternberg}}</ref>

===Nevada===
The first confirmed case of the virus was reported in Nevada on April 29. A two year-old girl from [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]] contracted the virus, but it is unclear how as the case did not appear to be linked to any previously affected areas. <ref>{{cite web|title=Nevada officials: No new swine flu cases|date=2009-04-30|publisher=San Jose Mercury News|accessdate=2009-04-30|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_12264347}}</ref>


===New Mexico===
===New Mexico===

Revision as of 22:05, 30 April 2009

Main article: 2009 swine flu outbreak
Further information: 2009 swine flu outbreak by country
Reported cases by state/territory
State or territory State-reported confirmed cases[1] State-reported hospital- izations[1] Confirmed deaths
Total 115,318 27,632 3,433
Alabama 2,453/NLU[2] NR 19[2]
Alaska 1,563[3][4] 18[3]wave 1 13[5] (11)[6]
Arizona 8,726[7] 1,897[7] 152[7]
Arkansas 154/NLU[8] NR 53[9]
California 10,545[10] 8,589[10] 657
Colorado 1,321[11] 578[12] 70[12]
Connecticut 5,491[13] 766[13] 35[13]
Delaware 381[14][15] NR 7[16]
District of Columbia 54[14] NR 1[17]
Florida 3,676[18] 1,227[18] 230[19][20]
Georgia 1,012[21] 860[21] 81[22]
Hawaii 2,221[23] NR 13[24]
Idaho 1,171[25] 389[25]wave 2 23[25]wave 2
Illinois 3,387[26] 3,042[27] 111[27]
Indiana 782[28] NR 39[28]
Iowa 929[29] 700[30] 41[31]
Kansas 1,201[32] NR 29[33]
Kentucky 2,092[34] NR 39[34]
Louisiana 1,876[35] NR 52[36]
Maine 2,232[37] 230[37] 21[38]
Maryland 1,772[39] 996[40] 45[41]
Massachusetts 1,979[42] 397[42] 33[43]
Michigan 655/NLU[44] NR 88[45]
Minnesota 2,220[14] 1,813[46] 61[47]
Mississippi 1,292[48] NR 26[49]
Missouri 1,523[50] NR 17[51]
Montana 961[52] 9[52] 19[53]
Nebraska 430[54] 40[54] 15[55]
Nevada 5,516[56][57] NR 44[56][58]
New Hampshire 722[59] NR 10[60]
New Jersey 1,006/NLU[61] 512[62] 42[63]
New Mexico 1,007[64] 1,007[65] 58[66]
New York 2,738[14][67] 909[68] 206
North Carolina 638[69] 267[69] 107[70]
North Dakota 650[71] 60[71] 2[72]
Ohio 227/NLU[73] NR 52[74]
Oklahoma 237/NLU[75] 7[75] 44[76]
Oregon 1,833[77] 1,419[77] 79[78]
Pennsylvania 10,940[79] NR 78[79]
Rhode Island 203[80] 76[81] 13[82][83]
South Carolina 1,634[84] NR 49[85]
South Dakota 2,081[86] 422[86] 23[86]
Tennessee 1,163[87] NR 57[88]
Texas 6,128[89] 1,994[90] 231[91]
Utah 988[14] 302[92] 48[93]
Vermont 404[94] 149[94] 3[95]
Virginia 327[14][96] NR 37[97]
Washington 1,882[14][98] 1,561[99] 99[99]
West Virginia 1,214[100] 853[101] 22[102]
Wisconsin 9,579[103] 1,317[103] 55[103]
Wyoming 725[104] NR 10[105]
American Samoa 90[106] NR 1[107]
Guam 338[108] NR 2[109]
Northern Mariana Islands 71[110] NR 0
Puerto Rico 908[111] NR 60[112]
U.S. Virgin Islands 80[113] NR 1[113]
NR: Not Reported - NLU: No Longer Updated

In March and April 2009, an outbreak of a new strain of influenza commonly known as swine flu infected many people in Mexico and parts of the United States, causing severe illness in the former. The new strain was identified as a combination of several different strains of Influenzavirus A, subtype H1N1, including separate strains of this subtype circulating in humans (see Human influenza) and in pigs (see Swine influenza). The strain transmits between humans and has been reported to have a relatively high mortality rate in Mexico. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have expressed serious concerns that the new strain has the potential to become an influenza pandemic.[114] It is reported that, because the virus is already widespread, containment will be impossible.[115]

On April 26, 2009, a Sunday, numerous U.S. schools and school districts announced closures in response to the outbreak.[116] On April 28, 2009, the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed the first official US death of swine flu. Tests confirmed that a 23-month old toddler, from Mexico and probably infected there, died from the flu while visiting Texas.[117][118] On April 29, 2009, President Obama suggested U.S. schools should consider shutting down as a future possibility if students are infected.[119][120][121]

Response

Congruent U.S. Government and WHO Pandemic Response Charts.

An official for the White House said on April 24 that "the White House is taking the situation seriously and monitoring for any new developments. The president has been fully briefed."[122] President Barack Obama stated that "We are closely monitoring the emerging cases of swine flu". He also noted, "This is obviously a cause for concern ... but it is not a cause for alarm".[123]

White House Press Secretary, Robert Gibbs said the effort to get a team in place to respond to the health scare has not been hindered by the lack of a secretary of Health and Human Services or appointees in any of the department’s 19 key posts.[124] The president's nominee, Kansas Gov. Kathleen Sebelius, was still awaiting confirmation from the U.S. Senate until passing on April 28.[125] The President has not yet made appointments to either the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration, the Surgeon General, or the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.[124][125] The current acting Surgeon General, Steven K. Galson, is also currently serving as the Acting Assistant Secretary for Health.[126]

The United States federal government has declared a public health emergency, and several U.S. states have indicated they may follow suit. Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano noted that this declaration was standard operating procedure, which was also done for the 2009 presidential inauguration and for flooding.[127][128]

The Federal response remains at US Pandemic Stage 0, congruent with the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Phases 1, 2 and 3;[129][130] however, the WHO's Pandemic Phase was raised to 4 on April 27, which is congruent with US Pandemic Stage 2.[131] On April 29, the WHO raised the pandemic alert level to phase 5.[132]

Meanwhile, an April 28, 2009 CNN article stated, "There had been no confirmed deaths in the United States related to swine flu as of Tuesday afternoon. But another virus had killed thousands of people since January and is expected to keep killing hundreds of people every week for the rest of the year. That one? The regular flu... No fewer than 800 flu-related deaths were reported in any week between January 1 and April 18, the most recent week for which figures were available."[133]

In addition, the flu death toll in Mexico could be lower than first thought, said on 04/29/2009 Dr. Gregory Evans, head of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada and a member of a federal pandemic-planning committee:[134]

There was a lot of speculation and what seemed to be evidence there were dozens and dozens of deaths. Careful analysis showed these people likely died of something else, and not flu. That's really good news, and that would fit with what we've seen outside of Mexico.

Moreover, another Canadian expert, Dr. Neil Rau, criticized the WHO's decision to raise its Pandemic alert to level 5, saying:[135]

I don't agree with (the WHO) because I think it's a panic metre, not a pandemic metre. [...] If that flu-like illness is not deadly, I don't know what the cause for alarm is for people who are not really sickened by this virus. [...] I'm really eager to know how much worse this is than seasonal flu. So far it's looking like it's not that serious.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Confirmed human cases with known dates of illness onset (USA, April 27, 2009).

In the United States, the majority of the 70 National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) laboratories do not report the influenza A subtype. However, in 2007 human infection with a novel influenzavirus A became a nationally notifiable condition. Novel influenza A virus infections include all human infections with influenza A viruses that are different from currently circulating human influenza H1 and H3 viruses. These viruses include those that are subtyped as nonhuman in origin and those that are unsubtypable with standard methods and reagents.[136] The new strain responsible for this outbreak was one such virus.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified the first two A/09(H1N1) swine flu cases in California on April 17, 2009 via the Border Infectious Disease Program, for the San Diego County child, and a naval research facility studying a special diagnostic test, where influenza sample from the child from Imperial County was tested.[137] By April 21, enhanced surveillance was established to search for additional cases in both California and Texas and the CDC determined that the virus strain was genetically similar to the previously known A(H1N1) swine flu circulating among pigs in the United States since about 1999. It was established that the virus was a combination of human, North American swine, and Eurasian swine influenza viruses; the viruses from the initial two Californian cases were also noted to be resistant to amantadine and rimantadine, two common influenza antiviral drugs.[138] No contact with pigs was found for any of the seven Californian nor either of the two Texas cases, suggesting human-to-human transmission of the virus.

At a press briefing on April 27, acting CDC director Dr. Richard Besser stated that out of 40 confirmed cases at that point, only one individual was hospitalized. He also revealed that the median age was 16 years "with a range in age of 7 to 54 years."[139]

As of 29 April 2009, only the CDC can confirm U.S. swine flu cases.[140] The CDC expects to offer the testing method to state laboratories soon, perhaps as soon as this week.[141]

Affected states

As of UTC 19:34, April 30, 2009:
  Death(s) confirmed
  Case(s) confirmed
  Case(s) unconfirmed (both suspected and probable cases)

Arizona

On April 28, Arizona's Department of Health submitted samples from four patients to the CDC for testing. The following day, the federal agency confirmed that one of the samples was confirmed to be the new influenza strain. The first patient afflicted by swine flu is a elementary-school student who lives in the Phoenix metropolitan area; the way he contracted the disease was not released to the public at the time.[142]

The student's school was closed for a week as a precaution. State health officials informed that they had 58,000 treatment units on hand, and that they had received a quarter of the state's allocation of antiviral medicine—over 200,000 treatments—from the Strategic National Stockpile.[142][143][144]

California

CDC conference with the media on the swine flu outbreak on April 25, 2009

The first two cases detected in the US were two children living in San Diego County and Imperial County, who became ill on March 28 and 30.[145] A CDC alert concerning these two isolated cases was reported in the media on April 21.[146] As of April 24 eight human cases were known in the US, including six in Southern California. The patients have recovered.[147] The acting director of the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC) said that preliminary tests on seven out of fourteen samples from patients in Mexico had matched the virus found in the US, which experts say is a new strain of swine flu. None of the US patients had any contact with pigs, leading CDC officials to believe that human-to-human transmission has been occurring.[148]

Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger and the state of California activated the Joint Emergency Operations Center of the Department of Public Health, and are coordinating with the California Emergency Management Agency, the CDC, and the Mexican government. They have additionally stepped up other preparations to lessen the flu's threat.[149] On April 28, Gov. Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency which allows the state to deploy additional resources to the Department of Public Health and more quickly and easily purchase equipment and materials.[150]

St. Mels Catholic School in Fair Oaks was closed after Sacramento County Health Department notified the school that a 7th grade student who reportedly recently returned from a family vacation in Mexico tested positive for an unidentified strain of Influenzavirus A.[151] On April 27, CDC officials confirmed that the student tested positive for swine flu.[152] In Marin County, a grandmother and her 20-month-old granddaughter have been confirmed to have the flu.[153] By April 28, the CDC had confirmed 10 cases of swine flu in California.[154]

California State University, Long Beach reported on April 29 that a student had returned a "probable positive" test result for swine influenza. The student showed symptoms on Sunday April 26 and went to the campus health services office the following day. The test results were received by the school on April 28 and distributed to all students and faculty. The affected student had not attended any classes since falling ill and has an apparently mild case of the disease that does not appear life threatening.[155] Three high schools in Riverside County were closed April 29 after two teenage girls, from Corona and Indio respectively, were confirmed to have contracted the virus.[156] Branham High School in Santa Clara County was closed that day for a week after one teenage girl was confirmed to be a probable case.[157]

Colorado

On April 30, 2009, two cases have been confirmed in the state of Colorado.[158] The confirmed cases are an Arapahoe County woman who recently returned from a cruise to Mexico and a Denver International Airport baggage handler.

Delaware

The first probable case for swine flu for this state was reported on Monday, April 27. Four probable cases of swine flu were reported on the University of Delaware campus after the students were experiencing flu like symptoms. Tests were sent to the CDC to see if the students had the swine flu. On Tuesday, April 28 the test came back and the students were identified with swine flu. As of now the students are recovering and the campus has set up a clinic.[159] This brings the current numbers from the University of Delaware to four positive for swine flu and 12 probable.[160]

Illinois

The state's first probable case of swine flu was reported on Wednesday, April 29. An elementary school in Chicago's Rogers Park neighborhood, on the city's Far North Side, was closed because a 12-year-old student was presumed to have the disease. The CDC is conducting laboratory tests to confirm, but the student reportedly was recovering at home.[161] In Batavia, Illinois, two students from Rotolo Middle School had a probable case of swine flu, causing the closing of the school. Later the next day the Batavia High School was closed due to numerous more cases being reported.[162]

Indiana

On April 28, an unidentified Notre Dame student was confirmed as the first case of swine flu in this state. The patient had not recently traveled to Mexico or been in contact with anyone who has traveled to Mexico, and is "doing well" according to Judy Monroe, Indiana's state health commissioner. The student is currently in voluntary quarantine; Notre Dame has no other suspected cases at this time.[163]

Kansas

Health officials in Kansas announced April 25 that two new cases of swine flu had been confirmed in Dickinson County, after both were isolated. The week prior, one patient had traveled to Mexico by plane to attend a professional conference; both he and his wife experienced minor influenza symptoms.[164][165]

Maine

On April 29 three cases of H1N1 (swine flu) were confirmed in Maine, according to the Maine Center for Disease Control.[166] The three adults, two from Kennebec County and one from York County, were reported to be recovering at home. Dr. Dora Anne Mills, director of Maine's CDC, said on April 28 that at least 12 suspected cases were being tested.[167]

Late on April 29, Maine Governor John Baldacci declared a "civil emergency" and ordered a school and daycare facility in York County to close for 7 days.[168]

Massachusetts

Two middle school students in Lowell, Massachusetts have tested positive for swine flu as of April 29, 2009. The two had gone on a family trip to Mexico, and became mildly sick on returning home. The local health department said that the boys had not returned to school since coming back from Mexico, and there were no concerns that the illness had been spread.[169]

In Spencer, Massachusetts, two students who also had recently returned from Mexico were tested for possible swine flu infection. The results of those tests were both negative.[170]

Michigan

On April 29, the Michigan Joint Information Center confirmed that a 34-year-old woman from Livingston County, Michigan was Michigan's first reported case of swine flu.[171]

On April 30, a 34-year-old woman from Ottawa County was confirmed as Michigan's second case.[172]

Minnesota

On April 30, 2009, the Minnesota Department of Health announced that the first case of "H1N1 novel influenza virus" in the state has now been confirmed by the CDC. The infected individual is an unidentified resident of Cold Spring, Minnesota. Two schools in the affected city will remain closed until May 6, 2009.[173]

Nevada

The first confirmed case of the virus was reported in Nevada on April 29. A two year-old girl from Reno contracted the virus, but it is unclear how as the case did not appear to be linked to any previously affected areas. [174]

New Mexico

On April 29, 2009 gov. Bill Richardson announced that there are two very probable cases in New Mexico. The suspected cases are a 1 year old boy from Santa Fe County and an 18 year old man from Valencia County. Neither has died and more tests are being done. Confirmation on these cases and approximately 26 others will be confirmed by May 1.[175]

New York

On April 24, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene dispatched a team of investigators to the private St. Francis Preparatory School in Queens after 150 students complained of symptoms consistent with the disease.[176] Several of the students had recently traveled to Mexico City.[177] New York City Health Commissioner Dr. Thomas Frieden reported on April 25 that eight of the New York school cases were "probable" swine flu. On April 26 in a 3:00 PM EDT advisory the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed that the Queens cases are indeed associated with the H1N1 virus.[178][179] The students suffered only mild symptoms, and some have since recovered.[180] On April 27 federal officials confirmed 20 new U.S. cases at the same school in New York in which eight cases were confirmed earlier.[181] Representative Eric Massa (D-New York), a member of the House Homeland Security Committee, said "we need to close our borders to Mexico immediately and completely."[182] Two other suspected cases in the Albany suburbs have been reported.[183] The number has risen to 51 people infected with swine flu. There has been some rumors of swine flu at Penfield High School[citation needed]., following a probable case at Pal-Mac. These statements have been reported after 7 suspected cases in Monroe County was stated.[184]. Also, 5 suspected cases in Ontario County and 2 suspected cases in Wayne County.[185].

Ohio

On April 26, the Ohio Department of Health reported that a nine-year-old boy attending Elyria City Schools in Elyria, Lorain County, had been diagnosed with a mild case of the new strain of swine influenza and that his immediate family was undergoing testing.[186] After the confirmed case in Ohio and eight in New York occurred Federal officials declared a public health emergency.[187] On April 29, a probable case was reported in Columbus.[188]

The Cleveland health department has received numerous calls from concerned residents, although it has been difficult to tell whether or not the cases are swine flu, since it is regular flu season.[189]

Texas

Two students attending Byron P. Steele II High School in Cibolo were confirmed to have the A/H1N1 swine flu; the patients recovered.[147][148] A third possible case in a student who attends the same high school as the 2 other cases in Texas has been identified and the school is closed temporarily.[190] On April 25, the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) decided to close Byron P. Steele II High School for the following week. Following the discovery of more possible swine flu illnesses, the DSHS ordered that all schools and district facilities in the Schertz-Cibolo-Universal City Independent School District be closed for the week.[191][192]

On April 27, a 7-year-old, a 24-year-old, and a 3-month-old in North Texas were confirmed to have swine flu. All three are recovering and were not hospitalized.[193] That same day, the Richardson Independent School District in the northern Dallas suburb of Richardson shut down an elementary school due to a confirmed and two suspected cases of swine flu.[194]

All schools in New Braunfels—private schools and all campuses of the Comal and New Braunfels Independent School Districts—have closed through May 10 on the recommendation of the Medical Authority of Comal County.[195] Due to the swine flu, the University Interscholastic League (UIL) has suspended all events in the state of Texas until May 11.[196]

On April 28, the City of Houston Health Department and Texas Children's Hospital sent samples in to the CDC. There are also possible cases at the Baylor College of Medicine outpatient clinic, Memorial Hermann Hospital, and St. Luke's Hospital.[197]

A 23-month-old Mexican toddler who had been brought to Houston from Brownsville died on April 28, making the child the first US death due to the outbreak.[198][199][200] The child had come to Brownsville April 4 to visit relatives and was admitted to a Brownsville hospital on April 13, and was transferred to Houston Children's Hospital the next day.[201][202]

On April 29, it was confirmed by Harris County that a 17-year-old girl from Fort Bend County attending Episcopal High School in Bellaire had contracted and recovered from the A/H1N1 swine flu. In compliance with the directives of the Harris County Public Health and Environmental Services Department, the school has been closed until further notice.[203][204][204]

Also on April 29, a probable case caused the closing of a school (Lucy Read Pre-Kindergarten Demonstration School) in North Austin.[205]

Other states

In South Carolina, the Department of Health and Environmental control looked into a group of individuals who have recently returned from a school trip to Mexico. Testing revealed that two were type A, unsubtypable, considered 'probable cases' and sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for further evaluation and testing.[206] Suspected cases are also under investigation in several other locations, including (but not limited to) Idaho,[25] Wisconsin,[207] North Carolina,[69] Alabama, Washington,[208] Mississippi,[209] and New Jersey.[210]

There have been several reports of possible cases in New England. On April 28, it was announced that there were four suspected cases of swine flu in three Connecticut towns. Two of those were students from East Haddam, leading to the closing of that school district that day.[211] Another case in Wethersfield was reported the next day.[212] On April 30, two students at Fairfield University were announced as having "probable" swine flu, bringing the total number of likely cases to 5.[213] In New Hampshire an undisclosed number of people have been tested for swine flu and voluntarily quarantined themselves until it is determined if they have the strain.[167] Also, a Rhode Island student may have swine flu. His family had recently returned from a Mexico vacation.[214]

Test results for two suspected cases of swine flu in South Dakota came back negative.[215] The University of Nebraska Medical Center looked into suspicious specimens to determine if a Nebraska resident had the flu. However the test turned up negative,[216] but the Medical center is currently testing more than a dozen other specimens for the strain.[217][218][219]

In Alabama, two children at an elementary school in Madison were declared by the State Health Officer Don Williamson as having a non-seasonal strain of flu, which has a 95 percent correalation with swine influenza.[220] All public schools and most private schools and daycare centers in Madison County, Alabama, including the cities of Huntsville and Madison, will be closed for two days beginning April 30.[221]

On April 28, it was reported that an individual in Florida had tested positive for influenza type A, of which swine flu is a subtype. A culture from that person has been sent to Jacksonville to be tested for swine flu, with results expected within 48 hours.[222] In Muskogee, Oklahoma a man who recently visited Mexico has been admitted into a hospital after having swine flu symptoms, test results will determine if he has the flu or not.[223][224][225]

In Utah and Oregon, several samples collected by doctors around the state were being tested for swine flu as part of an active surveillance system. A probable case was found and has been forwarded to the CDC for confirmation.[226][227][228] In Missouri, Gov. Jay Nixon announced in a written statement that a probable case had been discovered in a Platte County man, and that a sample had been sent to the CDC for confirmation.[229]

State officials in Lousiana reported six probable cases of swine influenza on April 29.[230] Five cases are in Lafayette, Louisiana, where the private Cathedral Carmel School has been closed indefinitly. In New Orleans an 8 year old boy tested positive for Influenza A after reportedly having traveled to Mexico within a week prior to the news articles. All cases are awaiting further results.

In Collierville, TN, a student was being treated at a local hospital. Incarnation Catholic School, has also been closed for the next week, pending on the test results.

See also

Wikinews has related news:

References

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  214. ^ Cite error: The named reference eastbayri was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  215. ^ "SD Suspect Cases Are Not Swine Flu". Keloland TV. April 27, 2009. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  216. ^ "'Suspicious' Neb. Specimen Being Tested For Swine Flu". KETV. 1:17 pm CDT April 27, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2009. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  217. ^ "UPDATE: UNMC Swine Flu Test Negative". KPTM. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  218. ^ Timberly Ross and Nelson Lampe (April 27, 2009). "Neb. lab testing specimens for swine flu". Fremont Tribune. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  219. ^ Staff Writer (April 27, 2009). "Neb. lab testing specimens for swine flu". Action 3 News. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  220. ^ "2 probable, 10 possible cases of swine flu in Madison County - WAFF.com: North Alabama News, Radar, Weather, Sports and Jobs". WAFF.com. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
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  222. ^ "Florida Hospital: No Swine Flu case". Myfoxorlando.com. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  223. ^ "Possible Swine Flu Case In Muskogee". NewsOn6.com. April 28, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
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