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m Removed category Universities and colleges in Orissa; Quick-adding category Education in Orissa (using HotCat)
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| title=Centre okays proposal for IIHT in Orissa
| title=Centre okays proposal for IIHT in Orissa
| date=[[18 May]] [[2007]]
| date=[[18 May]] [[2007]]
}}</ref> The NIFT would be funded through the Indian Ministry of Commerce.
}}</ref> A total of 35 acres of land have been granted by the state government. The NIFT would be funded through the Indian Ministry of Commerce. It will admit students in 2010.<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.samaylive.com/news/orissa-to-get-an-nift-soon/649280.html
| title=Orissa to get an NIFT soon
| date=[[20 August]] [[2009]]
}}</ref>

===Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose All India Institute of Medical Sciences===
===Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose All India Institute of Medical Sciences===
The government of India had promised to build an All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in the state. The foundation stone was laid in Bhubaneswar, in 2003. According to recent media sources, the progress in this front has been tardy. As of 2007, the state has not received any budgetary support from the Indian government.<ref>{{cite web
The government of India had promised to build an All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in the state. The foundation stone was laid in Bhubaneswar, in 2003. According to recent media sources, the progress in this front has been tardy. As of 2007, the state has not received any budgetary support from the Indian government.<ref>{{cite web

Revision as of 21:34, 20 August 2009

Previously a neglected aspect of the state, which was not a focus of the Indian government, education in Orissa is witnessing a rapid transformation. Its capital city, Bhubaneswar, is emerging as a knowledge hub in India with several new public and private universities, including the establishment of an Indian Institute of Technology after five decades of demand, one of India's new National Universities by the government, as well as Vedanta University, one of the world's largest private universities.

Orissa has fared reasonably well in terms of literacy rates. The overall literacy rate is 68.8%, which is marginally ahead of the national average of 67.8%.[1]

See Also List of educational institutions in Orissa Template:Location map start Template:Location map marker Template:Location map end

Background

Historically, Orissa has been at the forefront of education and research. The ruins of a major ancient university, Puspagiri, were recently discovered in Orissa. Scholars from far away lands, such as Greece, Persia and China used to study philosophy, astronomy, mathematics and science at this famed University. Along with Takshashila and Nalanda universities, Puspagiri was among the oldest universities in the world. All three universities were mentioned by the Chinese traveler Huien Tsang (Xuanzang), who visited India in the 7th century, but unlike the others, the whereabouts of Puspagiri university were unknown until recently. As of 2007, the ruins of this university have not been fully excavated yet.[2][3]

Until recently, due to the prevailing disparity in the allocation of resources to the various states in India,[4][5][6][7] the state of Orissa, with 3.6% of the population, received an estimated 0.73% of central (i.e. federal) funds.[8] These numbers translated to a meager investment of Rs. 4.07 per person in Orissa, compared to, for example, Rs. 183.08 and Rs. 41.20 that Delhi and neighboring West Bengal get from the center. Due to this paucity of resources available from the central government, the state was left with no centrally funded establishment that is officially labeled as an "institution of national importance".[9] Most of the investment in higher education in Orissa has been through the private sector and the state government. The needs of the state, which is witnessing investment at an unprecedented level, and poised for rapid economic growth, for elite centrally funded institutions has been highlighted recently.[10][11][12][13] Fortunately, several institutions in the state, particularly a few new ones being set up through private as well as central government investment, are of national and international caliber.

School education

Literacy

Although 10 years of primary education is mandatory in Orissa, the literacy rate is only 68.8%, which is marginally ahead of the national average of 67.8%.[1] Coastal districts of Orissa enjoy high literacy rates, whereas the southern interior region lags behind. The government of India has undertaken steps to improve women's literacy in the tribal pockets in the state and elsewhere in India.[14]

The 10+2 structure

In Orissa, as elsewhere in India, children are enrolled in school at the age of five. The core subjects taught in schools include science (including physics, chemistry and biology), mathematics (arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, computer science, and set theory), social studies (geography, history, civics, and economics), and three languages, which are usually Oriya, Hindi, and English. Additionally, school children receive training in sports and physical education, as well as vocational training.

After ten years of schooling, children at the end of class X must appear in one of the three school examinations, (i) the All India Secondary School Examination (AISSE) conducted by the central government run Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), (ii) Orissa High School Certificate Examination, which is conducted by the Board of Secondary Education,Orissa and (iii) the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE) examination, conducted annually by the New Delhi based Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE). Children who appear in either the All India Secondary School Examination or the Orissa High School Certificate Examination have a choice of using Oriya, Hindi or English as the medium language. However, the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations makes English the mandatory language.

Two years of higher secondary education follow, which is optional. Students, usually in the 15 through 17 age group, have a choice of specializing in the following streams (i) science, (ii) arts, or (iii) commerce. At this stage, the students get exposed to a wide array of elective subjects. The CBSE conducts the All India Senior School Certificate Examination and the CISCE conducts the Indian School Certificate Examinations for students in class XII.There are also junior colleges and degree colleges in the state that offer secondary education for class XII children. The Council of Higher Secondary Education, Orissa conducts the higher secondary level examination for them.

This educational structure in Orissa is referred to commonly as the 10+2 system. Students who undergo the 10+2 education system are eligible for admission into a college or university in Orissa, and can also opt for other professional training. However, admission into the few top institutions in Orissa, particularly in engineering and medicine, are highly competitive. Students graduating from class XII typically must qualify in an entrance examination in order to gain admission.

Vedanta University near Puri, India's first multidisciplinary research university, aims to rank at par with the world's best institutions such as Stanford and Cambridge.

Joint Entrance Examination

The government of Orissa conducts a highly competitive Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) annually to select students for admission into the various engineering colleges operating under BPUT. In the year 2006, as many as 49,555 candidates appeared in the JEE.

National level public institutions

Orissa has become a hub for higher education and has numerous inistitutions which are nationally and internationally recognised.

Indian Institute of Technology

Main article: IIT Bhubaneswar

According to recent news, the central government finally decided to establish an IIT in Orissa, thus satisfying a five-decade-long demand by the state. The roots of this clamorous demand lay during the establishment of the very first IIT at Kharagpur in West Bengal, which according to the original plan was supposed to have been Orissa's, and has been bolstered by what is construed as government "discrimination" against the state. An earlier plan to establish a full-fledged branch of IIT Kharagpur had been rescinded by the center. Another proposal to establish two IITs in Orissa, that was announced by the cabinet minister, Mr. M. A. Fatimi in July 2006, was also set aside in favor of other states.[15] However, the present announcement, if true, would try to correct Orissa's alleged long history of educational neglect by the central government. Dr. Manmohan Singh, the Prime Minister said:[16]

"Orissa is included in all the flagship programs of the UPA Government at the centre."

Specifically, the Prime Minister's statement concerning the IIT was:

"I am aware of the demands for an IIT in the state and it will be set there.”

Previously, the central government had been reported to have been considering creating an IIT in the state.[17]

National Institute of Science Education & Research

Main article: National Institute of Science Education & Research

The National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) is a premier research institution in India along the lines of the internationally reputed IISc in Bangalore, and five sister institutions, the IISERs. Instead of the Ministry of Human Resources Development, NISER operates under the umbrella of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). It was established in 2007, in Bhubaneswar, Orissa, when the first batch of students were admitted into its integrated postgraduate program based on a highly competitive national level entrance examination. The government of India has earmarked an initial outlay of Rs. 823 crores (INR 7.5 billion) during the first seven years of this project.

NISER is dedicated to graduate education and research only. It offers 5 year integrated M.S. as well as Ph. D. degrees in physics, chemistry, mathematics, and biology. Later, engineering, computer science, as well as earth and planetary sciences will be added. The Orissa government has provided 300 acres (1.2 km2) free of cost for the upcoming campus, in Barunei Hills, between Bhubaneswar, the state capital and Khurda.[18][19]

Keeping in view the paucity of central government institutions in the state, the government of Orissa has mooted the idea of a National Institute for Technology Education and Research (NITER), a sister institution of NISER, in Bhubaneswar.[20]

National University (or World Class Central University)

A national university of international standards for cutting-edge research is being set up in Bhubaneswar. The government plan views it as a unified centre of excellence in engineering, the sciences, humanities, management and medicine[21].

National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research

A new NIPER is planned in Bhubaneswar [22][23].

Indian Institute of Public Health

A new Indian Institute of Public Health (IIPH) is planned in Bhubaneswar [22][23].

Central University of Koraput

This is a newly established centrally funded university in Koraput.

Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar

Main article: Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar

An Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT) is being set up in Bhubaneswar. It will be partly funded by the government of Orissa, and partly self-financed. The institute will have a 100-acre (0.4 km2) campus close to the new Infocity-II area in the city, where several IT companies are building new offices. It will start operating in September 2007, with a small initial intake of 60 students.[24][25]

Indian Institute of Information Technology, Berhampur

Main article: Indian Institute of Information Technology, Berhampur

In June, 2007, the UPA government in New Delhi decided to establish a central government funded IIITs in each state. The IIIT in Orissa would be established in Berhampur, and unlike its sister institute in Bhubaneswar, would receive funding from the center.[26]

The IIIT at Berhampur is being established on a 100-acre (0.40 km2) land and this is likely to be functional by end of 2009. This will help attracting more IT companies to South Orissa and the presence of STPI Berhampur and IT Park at Berhampur will also help. The Marine Bio-Technology Park is also planned for Berhampur.

National Institute of Design

The central government will establish four new National Institutes of Design (NIDs). One of the locations would be the city of Berhampur in southern Orissa.[27][26][28]

National Institute of Fashion Technology

The central government recently announced plans to create a new National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) in Orissa's capital city, Bhubaneswar.[26][29] A total of 35 acres of land have been granted by the state government. The NIFT would be funded through the Indian Ministry of Commerce. It will admit students in 2010.[30]

Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose All India Institute of Medical Sciences

The government of India had promised to build an All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in the state. The foundation stone was laid in Bhubaneswar, in 2003. According to recent media sources, the progress in this front has been tardy. As of 2007, the state has not received any budgetary support from the Indian government.[31][32] However, there are indications that construction work will begin towards the end of 2007.[33]

National Law University of Orissa

Main article: National Law University, Orissa

A national law university has been established in Naraj, in the outskirts of the city of Cuttack. Classes will commence from 2009.

National Institute of Technology

Main article: National Institute of Technology, Rourkela

The National Institute of Technology (NIT) at Rourkela is the foremost engineering degree granting institutions in Orissa. It has been awarded the status of an Institute of National Importance under the NIT Act and ranks among the best in India. It has been placed third in the eastern zone in the latest DataQuest ranking (2005), only after IIT Kharagpur and IIT Guwahati.[34] NIT, Rourkela focusses mostly in engineering education. It has the following departments, ceramic engineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, computer science & engineering, electrical engineering, electronics & communication engineering, mechanical engineering, metallurgical & materials engineering, mining engineering, chemistry, applied mathematics, physics, and humanities & social sciences. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral degrees. Its 2.62 km² campus stretches over eastern Rourkela, and houses academic departments, administrative buildings, student and staff housing. The land was provided by the government of Orissa.

Institute of Physics

Main article: Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar

The Institute of Physics is a Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) run research institution that also provides research facilities for postgraduate research.

Institute of Life Sciences

The Institute of Life Sciences (ILS) is a Department of Biotechnology run national institition that conducts research in molecular and cell biology. The mandate of ILS is to undertake basic and translational research in frontier areas of life sciences. The research interests of the faculty are in three major areas: infectious disease biology, gene function and regulation and translation research and technology development. In addition, new collaborations with industry have been established to tap commercial potential of laboratory science.

Central Rice Research Institute

The Central Rice Research Institute (CRRI) is located in the city of Cuttack. It is one of the premier institutions in Asia for rice research. It was established by the center in 1946 with an experimental farm land of 0.6 km² provided by the Orissa government. It is the second largest institution dedicated to rice research after the one at Manila.

Other institutions

The Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT, formerly Regional Research Laboratory) is an established institution in Bhubaneswar in 1964 by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. It is a research establishment with expertise in areas such as material science, mineral engineering and metallurgy.

The central government has recently set up some more small institutions. Among them is the regional campus of the Gwalior based institute in Bhubaneswar, called the Indian Institute of Tourism Travel and Management Baji Rout Regional Centre (IITTM). It will offer postgraduate diploma courses in travel & tourism and international business. Another institution, the Central Institute of Plastic Engineering and Technology (CIPET) was established in 2007 by the Ministry of chemical and fertilizers. One of its campuses is at Bhubaneswar. It offers a postgraduate degree in plastic technology and engineering, as well as several diploma courses. The Indian Institute of Handloom Technology is also being set up[35].

A premier centre of education research, the Regional Institute of Education is located near Acharya Vihar in Bhubaneswar. It is a regional centre of NCERT serving the eastern region. Apart from running training programmes for teachers of schools and colleges, the institute also has integrated courses of B.Sc and B.Ed. The institute also runs courses on B.Ed. and M.Ed.

Outside the Bhubaneswar metropolitan region, a small branch campus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC) was established in Dhenkanal in 1993. It offers postgraduate courses in English and Oriya journalism.[36] Located in Puri, the Biju Patnaik National Steel Institute conducts a certificate course in iron & steel manufacturing & plant management.

State level public institutions

Utkal University

Main article: Utkal University

Utkal University (Vani Vihar) was the first university to be established in Orissa in 1943. It is also the seventeenth oldest in India. It is located in Bhubaneswar and has about 3,000 postgraduate and doctoral students enrolled. The university has jurisdiction over nine districts in Orissa, namely Angul, Cuttack, Dhenkanal, Jajpur, Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara, Khurda, Nayagarh and Puri, catering to the needs of higher education of a population of over 11 million people.

Main entrance to Utkal University

Sambalpur University

Main article: Sambalpur University

Sambalpur University (Jyoti Vihar) in Burla, in western Orissa is another important university covering the districts of Sambalpur, Sundargarh, Jharsuguda, Deogarh, Bargarh, Bolangir, Subarnapur, Nawapara, Kalahandi, Boudh as well as the Athamallik Sub-Division of Angul district. It offers postgraduate education in twenty seven subjects. The university has been functioning since 1967.

Berhampur University

Main article: Berhampur University

Berhampur University was established in southern Orissa in 1965, as the third oldest university in the state. The University has 25 affiliated colleges and covers the districts of Ganjam, Koraput, Kandhomal, Gajapati, Rayagda, Nawrangpur and Malkangiri.

Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology

Main article: Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology

The Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT) was established in the city of Bhubaneswar in 1962. It is dedicated to agriculture related research and education, and has seven colleges as well as a centre for postgraduate studies.

Vir Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla

Main article: Vir Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla

Established in 1956 at Burla, the Vir Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, formerly known as University College of Engineering (UCE) is Orissa's oldest, and one of the east zone's oldest and prestigious engineering institutions. Initially an autonomous college, now it has been elevated as a university. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral degrees in several engineering disciplines. The academic departments within VSSUT are mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, electronics & telecummunications, manufacturing science & engineering, civil engineering, computer science & engineering, information technology, physics, chemistry, humanities and mathematics. VSSUT receives financial grants from the AICTE and UGC, two central agencies, as well as from the state government. While other major engineering institutions (such as the IITs) only enjoy deemed university status, VSSUT is India's only full scale university for engineering and technology.

Biju Patnaik University of Technology

Main article: Biju Patnaik University of Technology

The Biju Patnaik University of Technology (BPUT),Rourkela, was created by an act of the Orissa state legislature in the year 2002. Almost all the engineering, pharmacy, architecture and most of the colleges offering MBA degree programmes are either constituent or affiliated colleges of BPUT. Today, the university has 110 colleges, both constituent and affiliated, with around 58,000 students. The disciplines include engineering and architecture, business management and hotel management, computer studies and pharmacy.

Ravenshaw University

Main article: Ravenshaw University

Upgraded from Ravenshaw College one of the oldest and largest colleges of India, the Ravenshaw University came into existence on 15 November 2006. Originally affiliated to University of Calcutta and thereafter to Patna University and then finally to Utkal University the institution finally got its own identity and became one of the most reputed universities of the Orissa state. Presently the University runs 23 Post-Graduate courses with research facilities and 27 Undergraduate honours courses.

Utkal University of Culture

The Utkal University of Culture is a newly established institution located in Bhubaneswar.

Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology

Main article: Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology

The Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology (IGIT) is located at Sarang in the industrial belt of Talcher. It was established in 1982 by the government of Orissa. In addition to four year undergraduate degrees in electrical, mechanical, chemical and civil engineering, and metallurgical & materials science, it offers three year diplomas in a few technical disciplines.

College of Engineering and Technology

Main article: College of Engineering and Technology

The College of Engineering and Technology (CET) was established within the purview of OUAT in Bhubaneswar. It is primarily an undergraduate college, offering programs in architecture, computer science, information technology, and electrical, civil, instrumentation & electronics and mechanical engineering.

Shriram Chandra Bhanja Medical College

Main article: Shriram Chandra Bhanja Medical College

Established in 1944, The Shriram Chandra Bhanja Medical College (SCB Medical College) at Cuttack, is the premier medical institution in Orissa and one of the oldest in India. It offers postgraduate degrees in all broad areas of medicine. It also runs super speciality training facilities in several areas such as cardiology, neurosurgery, and radiotherapy. There also exists a dental wing under the SCB Medical college.

Veer Surendra Sai Medical College

Main article: Veer Surendra Sai Medical College

The Veer Surendra Sai (VSS) Medical college and hospital has been in operation since 1959 in Burla. It offers undergraduate and postgraduate education in medicine and surgery, besides offering training courses in pharmacy and nursing.

Maharaja Krishna Chandra Gajapati Medical College

Main article: MKCG Medical College and Hospital

The Maharaja Krishna Chandra Gajapati (MKCG) Medical College is a medical college in Berhampur. It was originally started in 1976 as an extension of the SCB Medical College. It operates under Berhampur University. It offers MBBS and MD degrees and also provides training in medical related fields.

Institute of Mathematics and Applications

Main article: Institute of Mathematics and Applications, Bhubaneswar

The Institute of Mathematics and Applications, (IMA) located in Bhubaneswar is an academic institution, established by the government of Orissa to conduct advanced research in pure and applied mathematics, and to conduct advanced postgraduate degree programs in the field. It was established in 1999.

Private institutions

Vedanta University

Main article: Vedanta University

Vedanta University is based on a $3 billion endowment by Anil Agarwal, a successful Indian industrialist and philanthropist. According to its founders, Vedanta University will be India's only truly world-class university, comparable to Stanford, Harvard, and Oxford universities. It will offer undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral degrees to 100,000 Indian and foreign students in 95 disciplines in engineering, medicine, business, liberal arts, sciences, law, and the performing arts. [37] The sprawling 8,000 acres (32 km²) Vedanta University campus is being developed along the Puri-Konark marine drive, near the bay of Bengal, between Nuanai and Balighai beach. This task is being implemented by the Baltimore based architectural firm, Ayers Saint Gross.[38]

According to newspaper reports, Vedanta University will be developed in several phases until its planned completion in 2025. However, the university is expected to start admitting its first batch of around 3,500 students as early as 2011, into its engineering, liberal arts, and basic science programs. Most academic schools, including those of law and performing arts, as well as a few centers of excellence would be in place by 2016. The campus is expected to develop into a full-fledged university township with a population of 500,000.

Sri Sri University

Main article: Sri Sri University

The Sri Sri Ravi Shankar Vidya Mandir Trust and the Government of Orissa signed a Memorandum of Understanding on December 18, 2006 to establish a full-fledged multidisciplinary university near the state capital, Bhubaneswar and former capital,Cuttack within two or three years. Admission into the proposed varsity will be open to 15,000 Indian as well as foreign students. It will offer postgraduate and undergraduate degrees in traditional Indian as well as modern fields of study, such as sciences, engineering, humanities, pharmacy, biosciences, law, Vedic studies, Ayurveda, and Yoga.[39]

The proposed campus will be established in approximately 200-300 acres of land along the banks of the Kathjodi river in picturesque Naraj, near the city of Cuttack.[40] Naraj will be developed into an education city.[41]

Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar is a premier business school in India

Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar

Main article: Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar

The Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar (XIMB) was established in 1987. It owes its origin to a contract between the Government of Orissa and the Orissa Jesuit Society. XIMB is governed by a board consisting of representatives from the Orissa Jesuit Society, the government of India, the government of Orissa, as well as invited industrialists and academics.

XIMB has been ranked among the top 10 business schools in India. The institutions offers postgraduate programs, leading to Masters and Ph.D. degrees in business management, rural management, as well several professional training programs.[42] It has a few research centers in areas such as entrepreneurship, utility regulation, small and micro enterprise development, and healthcare management.

XIMB will establish a second campus in Orissa. This 100-acre (0.4 km2) campus is slated to start in 2011 to coincide with the institution's silver jubilee. It will be located somewhere in the outskirts of the city of Bhubaneswar.[43]

Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology University

a building of KIIT's School of Technology
Main article: Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT University)

The Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) is established in Bhubaneswar in 1992. Academic programmes of KIIT University are conducted by its seven constituent schools - School of Technology, School of Computer Application, School of Management, School of Rural Management, School of Medicine, School of Biotechnology and KIIT Law School.

ICFAI University

Hyderabad based Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI) has signed a memorandum of understanding with the chief minister of Orissa, Mr. Naveen Patnaik, to set up a university in the outskirts of the city of Bhubaneswar. ICFAI plan to buy 150 acres (0.6 km2) of land from private parties in Jatni, near the Khurda Road station.[44][45] The university is budgeted at Rs. 150 crores (1.5 billion). It will function primarily as a business school.

Bhubaneswar as an emerging education hub

National institutes of excellence have been established recently in Bhubaneswar, while several more are planned, such as AIIMS, NISER, IIT, IIIT, and a National university. There are several prominent private universities, such as XIMB and ICFAI University. Other major upcoming prominent institutions, such as Sri Sri University, the National Law University of Orissa, as well as the world's biggest academic institution, Vedanta University, will be located in the neighboring cities of Cuttack and Puri.[46][47]. Institutions dedicated to research such as the Institute of Physics, and the Institute of Mathematics and Applications are also located here. The presence of so many quality institutions within close proximity of one another, is expected to stimulate academic excellence in and around Bhubaneswar, and serve as a catalyst for future growth. Additionally, the city also houses several Orissa government funded public universities, and over 70 technical institutions, which well above than any other city in eastern India. The city is also being promoted as an Information Technology Investment Region (ITIR) by the government[48]. A total of 40 km2 of land has been allocated for the purpose, out of which about 60% will be devoted to research and development.[49] The Chief Minister of the state has asserted that Bhubaneswar is poised to emerge as India's foremost education hub.[50][51]

State legislation pertaining to higher education

The Orissa state legislative assembly (Vidhan Sabha) will be formulating a Private Universities Act to facilitate the growth of private universities such as Vedanta university, Sri Sri university. The higher education department of the state will draft the bill, which will be referred to the law department, before being placed in the assembly. This bill would guarantee the fiscal and administrative autonomy for private institutions.[52][53][54]

Vedanta University act

The Orissa legislature will also pass a specific act to make Vedanta university a statutory body. After the passage of the act, the university will be regarded as a non-profit organization. It will establish its own, independent governing board, where the Orissa government will not exercise any control.

Alleged central government neglect of Orissa

Template:Pbneutral See also Orissa IIT Controversy

Alleged discrimination in existing institutions

The Ministry of Human Resources and Development (HRD) of the Government of India has set up several premier technical institutes, across the country that produce India's world class talent pool in science, engineering, and management, and contribute strongly to the economic development of the state where they are located as well as the nation. These institutions include the seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), the five Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), several Central Universities, and a few other smaller institutions, all of which receive direct funding from the center (i.e. federal government) instead of relying on smaller budgets through their state and local governments.[55]

According to recent news reports, there has been large scale discrimination in setting up these institutions of higher learning against a few states, especially Orissa.[6] It has also been observed within scholarly circles that Orissa is routinely discriminated against by the Indian government, which has caused the state to lag behind the rest of the nation in terms of infrastructure, poverty reduction, literacy, education, and health.[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]

None of the premier institutions of national importance are located in the state of Orissa. [10][11][12][13] In terms of per capita funding received from the HRD ministry, it is among the bottom-most of all states. The only states below it are Bihar, Rajasthan, and a few very small states in the north eastern region. There have been estimates of the amount of HRD funding received by each state within the Indian union. One recently published estimate is provided in the table below.[8][55][64]

State Total1 Per capita Times Orissa Established institutions[65][66] Planned institutions[67][68]
Andhra Pradesh 124.60 16 3.94 2 Central univ. IIT, SPA, 2 IIESTs, Central univ.
Arunachal Pradesh 14.5 127.00 31.2 NE Regional Inst. of Sc. (None)
Assam 225.74 82.00 20.13 IIT, 2 Central univ. (None)
Bihar 15.38 1.87 0.46 (None) IIT
Chhattisgarh 15.38 17.40 1.82 (None) (None)
Delhi 262.83 177.12 43.49 IIT, AIIMS, SPA, 4 Central univ. (None)
Goa 0.00 0.00 0.00 (None) (None)
Gujarat 25.63 4.87 1.20 IIM (None)
Haryana 18.85 8.52 2.09 NITTR (None)
Himachal Pradesh 21.18 33.79 8.30 Indian Inst. of Adv. Studies (None)
Jammu & Kashmir 15.38 14.51 3.56 (None) (None)
Jharkhand 43.64 16.22 3.98 Indian School of Mines, NIFFT (None)
Karnataka 136.63 25.13 6.17 IISc, IIM (None)
Kerala 25.63 7.90 1.94 IIM, SCT Instt. of Med. Sc. IISER, IIEST
Madhya Pradesh 42.61 7.20 1.77 IIM, IIITM, NITTR, IIITD&M AIIMS,IISER,SPA,NID,WorldClass Univ.IIT,Central Univ
Maharashtra 172.03 17.09 4.20 IIT, NITIE, BOAT, AFMC, Central univ. IISER
Manipur 0.00 0.00 0.00 Central Agr. Univ. Central univ.
Meghalaya 54.61 225.10 55.27 Central univ. IIM
Mizoram 54.61 584.05 143.40 Central univ. (None)
Nagaland 54.61 249.01 61.14 Central univ. (None)
Orissa 15.38 4.07 1.00 (None) (None)
Punjab 33.55 13.34 3.27 NIPER, SLIET, NITTR IISER
Rajasthan 15.38 2.59 0.64 (None) IIT
Sikkim 0.00 0.00 0.00 (None) Central univ.
Tamil Nadu 112.77 17.79 4.37 IIT, NITTR, BOAT, Central univ. IIIT
Tripura 0.00 0.00 0.00 (None) Central univ.
Uttaranchal 89.40 105.42 25.88 IIT (None)
Uttar Pradesh 293.53 17.08 4.19 IIT, IIM, IIIT, BOAT, 3 Central univ. IIEST, Central univ.
West Bengal 232.71 28.10 6.90 IIT, ISI, IIM, Central univ. IISER, IIEST
India Total 2102.31 20.00 4.91

1in crore (=10,000,000) rupees

The non-allocation of quality educational institutions to the state of Orissa by New Delhi has been interpreted by various quarters, ranging from politicians to Oriya academics living abroad, as proof of discrimination against the state by the HRD ministry. Orissa, which has 3.6% of the population of India, receives a minuscule 0.73% of the allocated budget[8] This, it is claimed, falls within the purview of a larger pattern of what the national media has labeled as the "step-motherly treatment" meted out to Orissa by the government of India. The inequitable distribution of resources by the central government to the various states was identified in 1991 as a cause of regional disparities.[69][70] Although the Prime Minister of India, Dr, Manmohan Singh, announced that the UPA-led government would "evolve policies to remedy these regional imbalances"[69], the current indications are that these imabalances have widened even further, with Orissa being identified as a state that gained little from the central government's economic policies.[69][71][72] Studies have blamed central government policies above any other factor, as the cause of Orissa's backwardness.[69][73]

Alleged discrimination in establishing new institutions

India's recent rapid economic expansion has created the need for more world class talent. The Human Resources and Development ministry has undertaken the need to set up several more institutions of international quality. A total of twenty three institutions were announced, including more IITs, IIMs, Central Universities, as well as the new Indian Institutes of Science Education & Research (IISERs) and the Indian Institutes of Engineering Science & Technology (IIESTs), all under the 11th Five Year Plan. As before, the state of Orissa has not been allocated any institution of national importance and continues to be the last state in terms of per capita investment in human resources by the Indian government.[55][74][75] Mrs. Purandeshwari, a minister in the Indian cabinet has stated in parliament that national level institutions will be set up in other states, but no similar plan for Orissa is under consideration.[76] The regional disparities in this regard has been pointed out even by Dr. C. N. R. Rao, the scientific advisor to the Prime Minister of India.[77]

The HRD ministry has recently announced plans to build three additional IITs in the states of Rajasthan, Bihar, and Andhra Pradesh. According to recent reports, the allocation of the new IITs to Rajasthan and Bihar are to compensate them for earlier neglect.[78] Andhra Pradesh, which borders Orissa will get the third IIT, which allegedly was shifted from Orissa.[79]. If the Indian media is to be believed, the UPA government has categorically declined to establish an IIT in Orissa.[80][81][82] Upon implementation of the HRD ministry's plan, Orissa will become the lowest ranking state in terms of per capita HRD investment.[83] This is in spite of a few new central institutions that will be put up in various states, which includes an IIIT, a central university, and possibly a National Institute of Design (NID). This is because such institutions are planned in each and every state, and the NID receives only a small fraction of the budget involved in a major institution, such as an IIT.[26] The IIESTs are a group of technical institutions that are planned to be established as IIT clones. They will be set up by upgrading existing NITs and other state funded prominent engineering institutions. Several institutions have been identified by the Indian government for this purpose.[84] The University College of Engineering at Burla, which is Orissa's first engineering college as well as one of the oldest in India, was allegedly sidelined when identifying potential IIESTs.[85] The NIT at Rourkela ranks higher than four of the five institutions in other states that were marked for upgradation.[86]

It has been alleged that the government had originally picked Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Orissa as one of the locations for an IISER, which was later shifted to Kolkata.[87] This issue was resolved when it was decided to set up the National Institute for Science Education and Research (NISER) as a similar institution, which would be funded through the Indian Department of Atomic Energy. A recent court order has directed the central government to start NISER's functioning before August, 2007 to compensate for the shifting of an IISER elsewhere.[88] NISER is the only such upcoming institution in Orissa, whereas other states have had similar non-HRD funded institutions for several decades.[89]

The Koraput-Balangir-Kalahandi (KBK) region of Orissa[90] is one of the most backward regions of India, with famines and large scale starvation deaths reported each year.[91] The region lacks infrastructure and the Indian government has done very little to alleviate the plight of the impoverished masses in those districts.[92][93] There is a long-standing demand by the people of Orissa for the Indian government to establish a central university in this region, as part of the plan to ameliorate the poverty through various direct and indirect means such as education, as is being done in the underdeveloped north-east region.[94][95][96][97] This is in addition to the central university that the government will set up within the next five years, with one in each state, which would also include Orissa.[26] Such a central university to cater to the tribal population was announced by the central government recently. However, the location of the institution was in Madhya Pradesh to Orissa's west. Since the demographic make-up of that state is less tribal than that of Orissa, the media has accused the cabinet minister, Mr. Arjun Singh of showing favoritism, as Madhya Pradesh is Mr. Singh's own home state.[98][99][100]

The government of India has decided to establish three new IIMs.[101] There is a demand for one of the new management institutions to be established in Orissa, on grounds that the state is witnessing large-scale foreign investment, and because it is the bottom-most state in Indian central government funded institutions.[102]

Politicians including the chief minister of Orissa, Mr. Naveen Patnaik, have sought to cast this festering issue as a sign of severe neglect of the state by the government in New Delhi led by the United Progressive Alliance (UPA).[103][104][105][106][107][108] In May 2007, the issue became a major issue in the Indian parliament.[109][110][111] In his words, “Orissa does not have a single institution of national excellence and the demand for IIT is a long-standing one”.[112] The opposition National Democratic Alliance (NDA) staged a walk-out in the Indian parliament, accusing the ruling UPA of neglecting the state's economic development.[113][114][115]

It has been reported by sections of the media in May 2007 that the Congress party led UPA government has been embarrassed by this issue.[116] The HRD minister, Mr. Arjun Singh has also relented.[117] However, recent comments by the Orissa government point towards continued neglect of Orissa.[118]

There have been several incidents of protest in Orissa in 2007.[119] Students have taken to the streets to demand the setting up of an IIT and other educational institutions in Orissa.[120][121][122] Agamee Odisha, an organization spearheading a mass agitation in Orissa has organized statewide rallies.[123][124] There also have been stray incidents of violence related to the issue of Orissa's neglect.[125] In May 2007, this issue was taken up by the National Students Union of India (NSUI).[126] This issue has also found strong support among the Oriyas residing in other countries, who have demanded that two central universities and a new IIT be set up in the state.[127] This demand is justified in view of similar plans that were taken up for other similar sized states, and because Orissa, according to them, is on the verge of rapid industrialization.

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