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====Public transportation====
====Public transportation====
Bintulu has a long-distance bus station, located at Medan Jaya, 5 km northeast to the town centre. Among the areas served by the bus station are: Miri, Sibu, Kuching, [[Mukah]], [[Sarikei]], [[Oya, Sarawak|Oya]], [[Dalat, Sarawak|Dalat]], [[Balingian]], and [[Pontianak, Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bintulu Online - Your Online Guide to Bintulu - Transportation|url=http://www.isarawak.com.my/bintulu/transportation.html|website=isarawak.com.my|accessdate=10 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226154307/http://www.isarawak.com.my/bintulu/transportation.html|archivedate=11 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lonely Planet - Bintulu, Malaysia - Bus|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/malaysian-borneo-sarawak/bintulu/transport/getting-there-away/land|publisher=Lonely Planet|accessdate=10 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710085912/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/malaysian-borneo-sarawak/bintulu/transport/getting-there-away/land|archivedate=10 July 2015}}</ref>
Bintulu has a long-distance bus station, located at Medan Jaya, 5 km northeast to the town centre. Among the areas served by the bus station are: Miri, Sibu, Kuching, [[Mukah]], [[Sarikei]], [[Oya, Sarawak|Oya]], [[Dalat, Sarawak|Dalat]], [[Balingian]], and [[Pontianak, Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Bintulu Online - Your Online Guide to Bintulu - Transportation|url=http://www.isarawak.com.my/bintulu/transportation.html|website=isarawak.com.my|accessdate=10 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226154307/http://www.isarawak.com.my/bintulu/transportation.html|archivedate=11 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lonely Planet - Bintulu, Malaysia - Bus|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/malaysian-borneo-sarawak/bintulu/transport/getting-there-away/land|publisher=Lonely Planet|accessdate=10 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710085912/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/malaysian-borneo-sarawak/bintulu/transport/getting-there-away/land|archivedate=10 July 2015}}</ref> Bus companies serves the bus station are: Syarikat Baram Sdn. Bhd, MTC, Biaramas, and Suria buses.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bintulu regional express bus terminal|url=http://www.etawau.com/Geography/Sarawak/09_Bintulu/Bintulu/Regional_Bus_Terminal.htm|website=etawau.com|accessdate=13 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713091605/http://www.etawau.com/Geography/Sarawak/09_Bintulu/Bintulu/Regional_Bus_Terminal.htm|archivedate=13 July 2015}}</ref> There are also buses which serves the town area.<ref>{{cite web|title=Getting There - Land|url=http://www.borneokite.com/get_there.php|publisher=Borneo International Kite Festival|accessdate=13 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625101451/http://www.borneokite.com/get_there.php|archivedate=25 June 2012}}</ref> Taxi services are also provided in the town of Bintulu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarawak Taxi|url=Sarawak Taxi|website=bombasticborneo.com|accessdate=13 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701214957/http://bombasticborneo.com/services/taxi/sarawak-taxi/|archivedate=1 July 2015}}</ref>


===Air===
===Air===
The old Bintulu airport was built in 1955 in the town centre.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mahmud|first1=Yussop|title=Images of Bintulu Before and Now - Old Bintulu Airport Building in 1955|url=http://bintulub4now.blogspot.com/2013/12/old-bintulu-airport-building-in-1955.html|website=blogspot.com|accessdate=10 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617125518/http://bintulub4now.blogspot.com/2013/12/old-bintulu-airport-building-in-1955.html|archivedate=17 June 2015}}</ref> The airport once held the [[Guinness World Records]] of nearest airport to town. On 19 December 2002, the airport was replaced by a new airport which is located 23 km away from the town centre.<ref name=wtwybintulu/> The new airport is equipped to handle aircraft up to the size of a [[Boeing 747]]. The new, modern Bintulu Airport is much bigger than the old airport. [http://www.malaysiaairlines.com/ Malaysia Airlines] (including its subsidiary [http://www.maswings.com.my/ MASwings]) and [http://www.airasia.com/ AirAsia] are the only airlines that fly to Bintulu.<ref>[http://www.malaysiaairports.com.my/index.php?ch=17&pg=55&ac=188 Bintulu Airport] at Malaysia Airports</ref> Malaysia Airlines and AirAsia operates daily flights to various destinations in the country which include Kuching, Sibu, Miri, Kota Kinabalu and Kuala Lumpur.
The old Bintulu airport was built in 1955 in the town centre.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mahmud|first1=Yussop|title=Images of Bintulu Before and Now - Old Bintulu Airport Building in 1955|url=http://bintulub4now.blogspot.com/2013/12/old-bintulu-airport-building-in-1955.html|website=blogspot.com|accessdate=10 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617125518/http://bintulub4now.blogspot.com/2013/12/old-bintulu-airport-building-in-1955.html|archivedate=17 June 2015}}</ref> The airport once held the [[Guinness World Records]] of nearest airport to town. On 19 December 2002, the airport was replaced by a new airport which is located 23 km away from the town centre.<ref name=wtwybintulu/> The airport has a runway measuring 2,745 m,<ref name=Bintuluairport>{{cite web|title=About Bintulu Airport|url=http://www.klia.com.my/?m=business&c=business_about&id=2|publisher=Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad|accessdate=13 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320220033/http://www.klia.com.my/?m=business&c=business_about&id=2|archivedate=20 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=WBGB Bintulu - WBGB AD 2.12 RUNWAY PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS|url=http://aip.dca.gov.my/aip%20pdf/AD/AD2/WBGB/WBGB%20-%20Bintulu.pdf|publisher=Department of Civil Aviation, Malaysia|accessdate=13 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228221840/http://aip.dca.gov.my/aip%20pdf/AD/AD2/WBGB/WBGB%20-%20Bintulu.pdf|archivedate=13 July 2015}}</ref> capable of handling planes as large as [[Airbus A330]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Transport|url=http://www.bda.gov.my/modules/web/page_print.php?id=56|publisher=Bintulu Development Authority|accessdate=13 July 2015}}</ref> The airport currently serves three major airlines: [[Malaysia Airlines]] (MAS), [[Air Asia]], and [[MASwings]],<ref name=Bintuluairport/> connecting to destinations such as:


===Water===
===Water===

Revision as of 10:11, 13 July 2015

This article is about a town in Sarawak, Malaysia. For the administrative district, see Bintulu District. For the administrative division, see Bintulu Division.

Bintulu
Other transcription(s)
 • Chinese民都鲁
The Bintulu town
The Bintulu town
Official seal of Bintulu
Bintulu Development Authority
Nickname: 
"Energy Town of Sarawak"
Country Malaysia
State Sarawak
DivisionBintulu Division
DistrictBintulu District
Founded by James Brooke1861 - 1867
Government
 • TypeBintulu Development Authority
 • General ManagerRodziah Haji Morshidi[1]
Area
 • Local authority area (Bintulu Division)[2]12,515 km2 (4,832 sq mi)
Elevation
[3]
2 m (7 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (2010)[5]
 • Bintulu town114,058
 • Local authority area
212,994[4]
Time zoneUTC+8 (MST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+8 (Not observed)
Postal code
97xxx
International dialling code prefix+6086 (landline only)
Vehicle registration plate prefixQT (for all vehicles except taxis)
HQ (for taxis only)
Websitewww.bda.gov.my

Bintulu /biːnˈtuːluː/ (Chinese: 民都鲁; pinyin: Mín dū lǔ) is a coastal town in the central region of Sarawak, Malaysia. It is located at 610 kilometers northeast of Kuching.[6] Bintulu is also located between Miri and Sibu which is 216 kilometers northeast of Sibu[7] and 200 km southwest of Miri.[8] Bintulu town has a population of 114,058 in 2010.[5] It is also the capital of Bintulu District of Bintulu Division, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Etymology

There are several legends that are related to the name of Bintulu. During the Brooke era, the indigenous Iban people still practices headhunting to maintain their social statuses in the community. They thrown the heads into Kemena river, near the old Bintulu General Hospital. Therefore, heads have to be collected from the river. The practice of collecting heads was known as "Mentu Ulau" (picking heads)[9] in the local native language.[10] There is another story where the two Iban warriors named Bernik and Jelab built houses along the river. They and their followers frequently carried out head preservation (menyalai kepala) activities near a small river stream branching off from Sebezaw River because the river bank was flat and wide. Therefore, the small river stream was named "Mentu Ulau" river.[11] Outsiders who came to Bintulu subsequently pronounced the name as "Mentulau" and later the name was evolved into "Bentulu" and finally "Bintulu".[12] There is another legend where the Bintulu residents were described to have long heads. This is known as "Bat Ulau" in Melanau language which was subsequently adapted as "Bintulu".[10]

History

Brooke administration

Fort Keppel in 1868.

By 1861, Sultanate of Brunei ceded the Bintulu region (until Tanjung Kidurong) to James Brooke.[13][14] Bintulu was a small settlement at that time. A wooden fort named Fort Keppel was built in the town,[15] named after Sir Henry Keppel, who was a close friend for the Rajah James and Charles Brooke. Sir Henry Keppel was responsible for crushing Dayak piracy in Saribas between 1840 to 1850.[16] An Italian botanist named Odoardo Beccari visited Bintulu in 1867. On 4 August, he started his journey on a gunboat named "Heartsease" which was to send $6,000 to Brunei for concession being made to Rajah of Sarawak on the Mukah and Bintulu regions. He went to Labuan before coming back to Bintulu and dropped off at Kemena River on 13 August 1867. His observations of Bintulu town was recorded as follows:[17]

The fort of Bintulu which was built entirely of wood, was in somewhat ruinous condition. It stood nearly on the sea-shore, and just behind it, at a distance of few paces, the primeval forests commenced...Some chinamen had settled at the vicinity of the fort and had built a small bazaar; but the village is chiefly formed by the houses of the Melanau beyond the Chinese kampong (village). These Melanaus used to lived further up the river, but since the construction of the fort, and the installation of an officer of the Rajah near the mouth of the river, they came to settle near the sea - a thing they would never have dared to do in former days for fear of the attacks of the Lanun pirates and Dayak pirates.[17]

— Reported by Odoardo Beccari in 1904

The Melanau houses were built in rows on both sides of the Kemena river, mostly furnished by Nipah and Sago palms. Each house had its own shed projection into the entrance of the river which was used for the production of sago.[17][18] On 8 September 1867, Sarawak first General Council meeting (now Sarawak State Legislative Assembly) took place in a fishing village here. It was made up of 21 members elected from local community members (5 British officers and 16 local chiefs of Malay and Melanau races). The Council was formed by Raja Muda Charles Brooke under the orders from Rajah James Brooke. The Council is the oldest state legislative assembly in Malaysia.[19][20][21]

Japanese occupation

During World War II, the Brooke government under the leadership of Charles Vyner Brooke, constructed airstrips in Kuching, Oya, Mukah, Bintulu, and Miri. Airstrip construction in Bintulu was started in 1934 when C W Bailey, a Works and Building Inspector for the British Royal Air Force (RAF) began the construction of the airstrip. By 1938, all airstrips were completed except for Bintulu where construction was discontinued in October 1938 due to financial reasons.[22] In 1958, Bailey was killed in an air crash in Singapore. During the occupation, the Japanese made full use of the airport for military purposes. The British only started to reconstruct the airport after the war. A lot of unexploded bombs were found during the reconstruction.[23]

On 5 September 1942, there was an execution of 5 men at Padungan, Kuching (current location of Kuching South City Council) who were caught for stealing petrol. The execution was witnessed by the Japanese Field Marshal Prince Maida (前田利为),[24][25] who was also the cousin of Japanese emperor.[26] Prince Maida later boarded a plane to Labuan that day to officiate an airport that bear his name. However, he never arrived. One month later, the plane was found to have crashed off the coast of Tanjung Datu, Bintulu. The cause of the plane crash was not known. The Japanese later set up a wooden pole memorial made up of Belian wood in Bintulu. The wooden pole was later taken back to Japan by Prince Maida family.[23][27]

Chinese sawmill owners at Sibu and Bintulu were instructed by the Japanese to produce timber for repairs at oil fields and ship building. During the Japanese occupation, sawmills at Bintulu produced a total of 4,000 tons of sawn timber.[28]

Post-war period

Bintulu fishing village in 1950s.

In the 1950s, main economic activities in Bintulu was timber extraction industry, fishing, and Sago processing.[18] In the 1960s, Bintulu was still a small fishing village, consisting a population of 5,000. No roads were constructed in Bintulu at that time until the 1969 when the first untarred road was built to connect from Bintulu to Miri. The first buses that service the Miri to Bintulu route was owned by Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA). The MARA buses was an initiative by the Malaysian federal government to provide public transportation for the people. The Iban villagers would pay the bus driver with vegetables, chickens, bamboo shoots and other items because they had no money. Before 1960, Bintulu was connected to Kuching by sea through a ship named "M V Swee Joo". After 1960, "M V Chin Chin" was introduced to the route. It took around 36 to 48 hours to reach Bintulu from Kuching, depending on the sea condition. Due to lack of food supplies from Kuching, the villagers had to make do with the limited food, and several villagers had resorted to hunting in the jungles to increase the food supply.[23]

There were only 3 schools in Bintulu in 1960, namely St Anthony Primary School, Chung Hua Primary School, and Orang Kaya Mohammad Primary School. These schools only provided classes until Primary 3. There were no secondary schools in Bintulu. Villagers would have to pursue their secondary school studies at either Miri or Kuching by using small boats as there were no roads connecting Bintulu to either Miri or Kuching. After the formation of Malaysia, Bintulu had its first secondary school named Bintulu Government Secondary School in 1964. In 1967, Bintulu celebrated first 100 years of Council Negri meeting (Sarawak State Legislative Assembly). A stone monument was built in front of a government rice storeroom[12] order to commemorate the event.[29] Bintulu was a sub-district of Miri Division in the 1970s.[23] The sub-district was upgraded into a district in 1987.[30]

Discovery of oil and gas reserves

Bintulu downtown in 2011.

Large reserves of natural gas was discovered offshore Bintulu in 1969. Following this, a feasibility study was done in 1975 in which Tanjung Kidurong was found to be a suitable site for deep-water port.[13] On 14 June 1978, Malaysia LNG Sdn Bhd (MLNG Satu) was established by Petronas, a Malaysian national oil and gas company for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) processing at Bintulu.[18] On 8 July 1978, Bintulu Development Authority (BDA) was established by the Sarawak state government for infrastructure development and to promote industrial investment in the area.[31] Over the next 10 years, a total of RM 10 billion was spent in Bintulu to upgrade its facilities and services.[18] On 15 August 1981, Bintulu Port Authority was established at Tanjung Kidurong and it started operation on 1 January 1983.[32]

Rural-urban migration is significant in Bintulu because of greater job availability here. Unable to find an affordable housing, these people have started several squatter areas[33] around Kidurong Industrial estate[34] and Sungai Sebatang.[35] Therefore, several low-cost housing projects initiated by BDA and Sarawak state government to relocate the squatters.[36][37]

Bintulu is currently a gateway to Samalajau Industrial Park.[38] The industrial park is located 62 km away from Bintulu, currently under the purview of Sarawak Corridor of Renewable Energy (SCORE). It is a centre of heavy and energy intensive industries.[39] Among the companies that started their operations in the industrial park are Tokuyama Malaysia Sdn Bhd, Press Metal Bintulu Sdn Bhd, and OM Materials Sdn Bhd.[40]

Governance

BDA Head Office in Bintulu town.

Bintulu town is represented by Bintulu parliamentary seat (P. 217) in Parliament of Malaysia. The town is also represented by 3 state assembly seats namely Jepak, Kidurong, and Kemena in Sarawak State Legislative Assembly.[41]

Local authorities

Bintutlu town is administered by Bintulu Development Authority (BDA) since 1978, located at Tanjung Kidurong.[42] The town is located within the boundary of Bintulu District which consists of 183,402 population[5] with a total area of 7220.40 km2.[43] Bintulu Division was formerly a Bintulu District under the jurisdiction of Miri Division. The former Bintulu District was upgraded to Bintulu Division on 1 January 1987. At the same time, Bintulu sub-district was upgraded to the present-day Bintulu District.[30] Both the Bintulu Resident and District Offices are located inside Wisma Residen, Pisang Keling Street, Bintulu town.[44][45]

Geography

Bintulu town is located near the mouth of Kemena River.[46] Bintulu area is mostly consisted of geological formation from Pleistocene period in the coastal area which contains silt, clay, and gravel. Geological formation from Oligocene period is found in the inland area which contains limestone, slitstone, and sandstone. The soil is generally soft.[47]

Climate

There are two monsoon seasons in the area namely Northeast moonsoon (November to March) and Southwest moonsoon (May to September). The calm period between these two moonsoons is known as transitional period. In the coastal region, maximum rainfall will occur in the month of January while minimal rainfall will occur from the month of June to August. Rainfall is more evenly distributed in the inland areas. The annual rainfall of Bintulu region is about 3,750 mm annually. The mean daily hours of sunshine at Bintulu is about 5.0 to 5.5 hours. Bintulu receives on average 14 to 15 mJ/m2 of radiation throughout the year. Bintulu relative humidity is generally 85%.[47]

Climate data for Bintulu (1961-1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.5
(85.1) 		29.8
(85.6) 		30.4
(86.7) 		31.2
(88.2) 		31.6
(88.9) 		31.7
(89.1) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.0
(87.8) 		30.9
(87.6) 		30.6
(87.1) 		30.2
(86.4) 		30.8
(87.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.9
(78.6) 		26.1
(79.0) 		26.6
(79.9) 		27.0
(80.6) 		27.2
(81.0) 		27.1
(80.8) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.8
(80.2) 		26.6
(79.9) 		26.6
(79.9) 		26.3
(79.3) 		26.2
(79.2) 		26.6
(79.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 23.1
(73.6) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.8
(74.8) 		23.5
(74.3) 		23.2
(73.8) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.4
(74.1) 		23.2
(73.8) 		23.2
(73.8) 		23.4
(74.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 445.8
(17.55) 		237.9
(9.37) 		268.7
(10.58) 		244.8
(9.64) 		242.4
(9.54) 		256.4
(10.09) 		254.3
(10.01) 		290.3
(11.43) 		295.7
(11.64) 		335.5
(13.21) 		427.0
(16.81) 		450.6
(17.74) 		3,749.4
(147.61)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 19 14 15 15 13 12 14 15 16 18 20 21 192
Mean monthly sunshine hours 142.1 151.0 178.1 192.9 204.3 201.3 203.5 186.7 171.2 171.2 164.8 163.6 2,130.7
Source: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[48]

Demographics

An Iban longhouse near Setiam, Kuala Tatau-Bintulu road

The growth of Bintulu population is shown below:

Year 1960 1970 1980 1991 2000 2010
Total
population 		5,000[23] 4,663[49] 42,812[49] 51,862[49] 102,671[49] 114,058[5]

Ethnicity

According to 2010 Malaysian census, the town population is 114,058. Indigenous people accounted for the largest proportion of the town population (61.2%, 69,782), followed by Chinese (25.0%, 28,512), Non-Malaysians (13.1%, 14,939), and Indians (0.28%, 319). Among the indigenous groups, there are Iban (32,992), Malay (14,945), Melanau (14,179), Bidayuh (1,598), and other indigenous tribes (6,068).[5] According to government sources, there are 229 Iban longhouses in Bintulu District. The Ibans moved into Kemena and Tatau basins in mid-19th and early 20th century with the permission of Brooke government. Other indigenous tribes that form the minority are Kayan, Kenyah, and Punan. The Chinese in Bintulu mainly composed of dialect groups such as Hakka, Fuzhou, and Teochews. The Chinese has been living in the Tatau town since the Bruneian Empire era. Later Fuzhou Chinese from Sibu moved in, dominating the timber and plantation businesses in Bintulu.[50] There is also a large number of foreigners working here. Most of them come from Britain, Australia, Netherlands, Germany, South Africa, New Zealand, Japan, China, United States, and Indonesia.[51]

Languages

While Malay language is the official language of Sarawak, English language is widely spoken here. Local ethnic languages and Chinese dialects are spoken by respective ethnic groups. Mandarin is also spoken by ethnic Chinese in Bintulu.[51] Bintulu language is spoken by communities living along the Kemena river,[52] totaling 4,200 native speakers. These speakers are now recognised as part of "Melanau" ethnic group, where their main language is Malay. Bintulu language is now classified as one of the endangered languages in Sarawak because of isolated usage of such language in a small community.[53][54]

Religion

Majority of the Bintulu population are Christians, followed by Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism.[51] Among the notable places of worships in Bintulu are: Bintulu Mosque (Masjid Assyakirin),[55] Masjid Jepak, Tua Pek Kong Temple,[56] Eng Kwang Methodist Church,[57] and St Thomas church.[58] Respective religious groups are free to hold processions in the town.[59][60]

Economy

Menara Kidurong is the headquarter of Bintulu Port Authority (BPA).
The Bintulu LNG port.
Rubber tyred gantry crane (RTG) at Bintulu International Container Terminal (BICT).

There are 5 industrial estates in Bintulu. They are: Kemena Industrial Estate (for wood-based industries), Jepak Industries Estate (wood-based industries), Kidurong Industrial Area (for medium and light industries), Kidurong Light Industrial Estate (medium and light industries), and Bintulu Light Industrial Estate (light industry).[61][62]

Oil and gas

Malaysia LNG is a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) manufacturing complex located in Bintulu which currently contains 8 LNG trains with the 9th one currently under construction. It is built by Malaysian national oil and gas company, Petronas.[63] The manufacturing complex has a production capacity of 25.7 million tonnes per annum. Petronas is also planning to open Floating LNG (FLNG) offshore Bintulu, which is used specifically to harvest natural gas from small and isolated gas fields. Transportation of natural gas from neighouring state of Kimanis, Sabah to LNG complex at Bintulu for processing is facilitated by 512 km "Sabah Sarawak Gas Pipeline".[64] Currently, 45% of Malaysian natural gas is found at Central Luconia offshore Bintulu. The largest importers of Malaysia LNG productions are Japan (62%), Korea (17%), Taiwan (12%), and China (9%).[65]

Sarawak Shell Bintulu Plant (SSBP), formerly known as Bintulu Crude Oil Terminal (BCOT), was established in 1979. It consists of 3 crude oil storage tanks, each with a capacity of 410,000 barrels. It consists of 3 major areas of operations namely: Crude Oil Operations, Condensate Stabilisation, and Gas Sales Facilities.[66] Royal Dutch Shell started to establish the world's first Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis plant (Shell MDS) in 1993. It is also known as Bintulu Gas-To-Liquid plant (Bintulu GTL).[65] The plant has a production capacity of 14,770 barrels per day with total investment of over US$1 billion as of the year 2010. The plant staff contains 380 people where 93% are Malaysians with 80% of the staff coming from Sarawak.[67]

Port operations

Bintulu Port Authority was established in 1981. It started port operation in 1983 at Tanjung Kidurong. Following a privatisation exercise, Bintulu Port Sdn Bhd (BPSB) was founded on 23 December 1992 and commenced operation on 1 January 1993. BPA is currently responsible for regulatory exercises and security of the port. Meanwhile, BPSB is responsible for cargo handling at Bintulu International Container Terminal (BICT).[68][69] The port also provides Vessel traffic service to shipping vessels.[66] The annual total cargo throughput is 45.4 million tonnes, consisting of 58% LNG and 42% non-LNG products.[70] As of 31 December 2014, it generated a total revenue of RM 552.3 million in one year.[71]

Wood-based industries and plantations

Since the opening up of Bintulu-Miri road in the 1970s, large-scale plantations of oil palm and cocoa has been developed in rural areas of Bintulu Division. Currently, there are 57,740 hectares (577.4 km2) of oil palm, 2,000 hectares(200 km2) of Rattan , and 815 hectares (8.15 km3) of pepper plantations.[66]

The first Bintulu palm oil refinery was established in June 1991 which is Bintulu Edible Oil Sdn Bhd.[66] Bintulu currently has 4 palm oil refineries namely Bintulu Edible Oils Sdn Bhd (operated under PGEO Group, a subsidiary of Wilmar International),[72] Sime Darby Austral Edible Oil Sdn Bhd, Kirana Palm Oil Refinery Sdn Bhd, and Sarawak Oil Palm Bhd.[73] However, in 2015, Wilmar no longer buys raw palm oil produced from cleared forests and peat swamps in Sarawak due to environmental concerns.[74]

The Bintulu Division has been designated a Planted Forests Zone (PFZ) by Sarawak state government since 1998. As of 30 June 2011, a total of 124,618 hectares (1246.18 km2 of the area has been planted with Acacia trees.[75] Other trees that are planned to be planted are Kelampayan, engkabang, Durian, Batai, Eucalyptus, and rubber trees.[76] Sarawak Planted Fores Sdn Bhd,[77] a company wholly owned by the Sarawak state government has been granted license to replant forests for 60 years. However, the company has been suffering financial losses from 2009 to 2011.[78]

There are 3 major mills in Bintulu that process wood-waste products. Two mills are Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) plants and one is charcoal briquette plant, with a total installed capacity of 246,000 m3 per year. MDF plants utilise wood waste purchased from sawmills and plywood mills located in Bintulu area and occasionally from Tanjung Manis timber processing zone located at the mouth of Rajang River. Synthetic resins which is required to hold wood dust together, constituted 20% of the total production cost of the wood panel products.[79] MDF plants in Bintulu are operated by Daiken Sarawak Sdn Bhd which was founded on 15 February 1994.[66][80] Meanwhile, the briquette plant is operated by Cipta Briquette Sdn Bhd.[79] Glue/adhesive factory in Bintulu is owned by Bintulu Adhesive & Chemicals Sdn Bhd, built at a cost of RM 17 million. It produces urea formaldehyde resin, phenol formaldehyde resin for plywood and chipboard manufacturing at Kemena Industrial Estate. Urea precondensate is also produced to supply ASEAN Bintulu Fertiliser (ABF) plant.[66]

Others

ASEAN Bintulu Fertiliser plant is the anhydrous ammonia and granular plant operated by Asean Bintulu Fertiliser Sdn Bhd (ABF), partly owned by Petronas.[81] The company was formed on 6 December 1980 and the plant was built at a cost of RM 700 million. The plant started operation on 1 October 1985, one of the largest granular urea plant in Asia. It is a joint venture by five Asean countries namely Malaysia (63.5% shares), Thailand (13%), Indonesia (13%), Philippines (9.5%), and Singapore (1%).[66]

Cahya Mata Sarawak Berhad (CMSB), one of the largest publicly listed company in Sarawak, set up a cement plant in Bintulu at Kidurong Industrial Estate. It was built at a cost of RM 137 million. This plant is manned by 40 people. It produces Ordinary Portland cement and Portland Blast Furnace Cement. It currently has a combined production capacity of 2.75 million MT (Million Tonnes).[66][82]

Bintulu combined cycle power plant was started in early 2010 with a capacity of 317 Megawatt. The power plant is registered under United Nations Clean Development Management (CDM) scheme on 18 September 2010. The plant is built to ensure efficient use of energy and to reduce green house emissions. It is the first CDM power plant in Malaysia, currently operated by Sarawak Power Generation Sdn Bhd (SPG), a wholly owned subsidiary of Sarawak Energy.[83][84]

Transportation

Land

All the roads in Bintulu are maintained by Bintulu Development Authority (BDA). Bintulu is connected to Miri and Sibu through Pan Borneo Highway.[85][86] Bintulu is also connected to Mukah[87] and Samalaju Industrial Park.[88] Kemena bridge is the bridge that crosses the Kemena River. It is the second bridge in Malaysia which was built using Incremental Launch Method.[89] There is one road in Bintulu which is called Keppel Road. It is named after a friend of James Brooke, Sir Henry Keppel.[90]

Public transportation

Bintulu has a long-distance bus station, located at Medan Jaya, 5 km northeast to the town centre. Among the areas served by the bus station are: Miri, Sibu, Kuching, Mukah, Sarikei, Oya, Dalat, Balingian, and Pontianak, Indonesia.[91][92] Bus companies serves the bus station are: Syarikat Baram Sdn. Bhd, MTC, Biaramas, and Suria buses.[93] There are also buses which serves the town area.[94] Taxi services are also provided in the town of Bintulu.[95]

Air

The old Bintulu airport was built in 1955 in the town centre.[96] The airport once held the Guinness World Records of nearest airport to town. On 19 December 2002, the airport was replaced by a new airport which is located 23 km away from the town centre.[49] The airport has a runway measuring 2,745 m,[97][98] capable of handling planes as large as Airbus A330.[99] The airport currently serves three major airlines: Malaysia Airlines (MAS), Air Asia, and MASwings,[97] connecting to destinations such as:

Water

Education

File:Upm btu.jpg
The UPM Bintulu Sarawak Campus main Library
File:Smk kidurong.jpg
SMK Kidurong, Bintulu (2006)

Bintulu is home to one of Malaysia's public universities - the Universiti Putra Malaysia,[100] Bintulu Campus. The campus was reopened in November 2001 based on the third objective of UPM's 2001–2010 planning strategy, which is to upgrade UPM's ability as an internationally acclaimed Centre of Study, Agricultural and Biosource Services.

UPM Bintulu Sarawak Campus is situated 13 kilometers from Bintulu Town, and is surrounded by a lush environment rich in flora and fauna, and this natural abundance is fully utilised to affirm UPM's mission to further explore the fields in agriculture and biosource. This campus covers an area of 715.16 hectares and will be able to accommodate up to 5000 students by the year 2010.

For primary and secondary education, just as any other towns in Malaysia, Bintulu has 'Sekolah Kebangsaan' (SK) [National type schools], Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan (SMK) [National Secondary School], Chinese Schools and several International Schools.

There are other National Secondary School, i.e. SMK Bandar Bintulu, SMK Kidurong, SMK Baru Bintulu, SMK Assyakirin, SMK Sebauh (Sebauh Division) & SMK Tatau (Tatau Division). SM Kai Dee (Kai Dee School)[101] is a private Chinese school in Bintulu & located at Nyabau Road. Kidurong International School[102] [103][104][105][106] is located in Kidurong.

A Technical School of the Education Department[107] is found on a 20-hectare site, about 15 kilometres from the Bintulu Town and near to the industrial projects at Tanjung Kidurong. Built at a cost of RM15 million and completed in 1982, the school has at present 527 students pursuing various courses at the school. The school has a maximum capacity of 900 students and an annual intake of 280 students.

Bintulu was also home to Sarawak's first and only flying academy. [citation needed] Gulf Golden International Flying Academy (GGIFA) was one of only two flying academies in Malaysia which had college status (out of a total of 7 flying academies). This has since closed in 2012 due to financial difficulties.

National Parks

Main article: Similajau National Park

Accommodation

New World Suites, the largest Mall in Bintulu
Imperial Suites Bintulu at Tanjong Batu (Coast of Rocks)
Taman Tumbina (Tumbina Park) in Bintulu

There are several hotels and a trend of mushrooming illegal budget hotels in Bintulu.

Shopping Malls

There are several new coming up shopping malls in Bintulu. Parkcity Mall is the most crowded shopping mall in Bintulu currently which the other one is City Point. There are several new coming up shopping malls in next 3–5 years. Such as Times Square Bintulu, Commerce Square, Paragon Street Mall, Town Square, Bintulu City Mall, Boulevard Shopping Mall & The Spring Bintulu.

References

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  107. ^ Technical School of the Education Department
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