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'''Ezidkhan'''<br/>'''Êzîdxan'''<br/>'''ايزيدخان'''
'''Ezidkhan'''<br/>'''Êzîdxan'''<br/>'''ايزيدخان'''
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |
[[File:Ezidxan Flag.png|270px]]<br/>Flag of Ezidkhan (Ala Êzîdxan)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=0lR4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT568&lpg=PT568&dq=ala+%C3%AAzd%C3%AExan+flagge+von+ezidkhan&source=bl&ots=SW4CvOZQAR&sig=ACfU3U0t1vGW8k8IRQ_xSu_QLp532cnGUw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigvMmL-JbhAhWHKVAKHSUkBUIQ6AEwEnoECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=ala%20%C3%AAzd%C3%AExan%20flagge%20von%20ezidkhan&f=false|title=Yeziden in Deutschland: Eine Religionsgemeinschaft zwischen Tradition, Integration und Assimilation|last=Savucu|first=Halil|date=2016-10-10|publisher=Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag|isbn=9783828865471|language=de}}</ref>{{better source|date=March 2019}}
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"| Language
! style="text-align: left;"| Language
| [[Kurmanji]] (called "[[Ezdiki language|Êzdîkî]]" by Yazidis<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=y1RsBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT8&dq=yazidi+kurmanji+speaking&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjMxLacspPfAhXIZ1AKHdH3C1QQ6AEIRTAF#v=onepage&q=yazidi%20kurmanji%20speaking&f=false|title=The Religion of the Peacock Angel: The Yezidis and Their Spirit World|last=Asatrian|first=Garnik S.|last2=Arakelova|first2=Victoria|date=2014-09-03|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317544289|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=s-J5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22&dq=ezdiki&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie17_rlZPfAhXFIVAKHURxCHEQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=ezdiki&f=false|title=Yearbook of Muslims in Europe|last=Nielsen|first=Jørgen|last2=Akgönül|first2=Samim|last3=Alibašić|first3=Ahmet|last4=Goddard|first4=Hugh|last5=Maréchal|first5=Brigitte|date=2011-10-28|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004207554|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=7XuMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA68&dq=ezdiki&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi1o-yQlpPfAhXNKlAKHYZdBm8Q6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=ezdiki&f=false|title=The Caucasus - An Introduction|last=Coene|first=Frederik|date=2009-10-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135203023|language=en}}</ref>)
| [[Kurmanji Kurdish]] (also named "[[Ezdiki language|Êzdîkî]]" by Yazidis<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=y1RsBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT8&dq=yazidi+kurmanji+speaking&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjMxLacspPfAhXIZ1AKHdH3C1QQ6AEIRTAF#v=onepage&q=yazidi%20kurmanji%20speaking&f=false|title=The Religion of the Peacock Angel: The Yezidis and Their Spirit World|last=Asatrian|first=Garnik S.|last2=Arakelova|first2=Victoria|date=2014-09-03|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317544289|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=s-J5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA22&dq=ezdiki&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwie17_rlZPfAhXFIVAKHURxCHEQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=ezdiki&f=false|title=Yearbook of Muslims in Europe|last=Nielsen|first=Jørgen|last2=Akgönül|first2=Samim|last3=Alibašić|first3=Ahmet|last4=Goddard|first4=Hugh|last5=Maréchal|first5=Brigitte|date=2011-10-28|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9789004207554|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=7XuMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA68&dq=ezdiki&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi1o-yQlpPfAhXNKlAKHYZdBm8Q6AEIMzAC#v=onepage&q=ezdiki&f=false|title=The Caucasus - An Introduction|last=Coene|first=Frederik|date=2009-10-16|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135203023|language=en}}</ref>)
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"| Religion
! style="text-align: left;"| Religion
Line 26: Line 24:
'''Ezidkhan''' (or '''Êzîdxan''', "''Land of the Yazidis''")<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=BZ3HUILlfuQC&pg=PA161&dq=%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Mündliche Literatur der Kurden in den Regionen Botan und Hekarî|last=Turgut|first=Lokman|date=2010|publisher=Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH|isbn=9783832527273|language=de}}</ref> is the name of the settlement areas of the [[Yazidis]]. The term is used for historical settlement{{verification needed|date=March 2019}} areas of the Yazidis and also currently inhabited settlement areas by the Yazidis.{{verification needed|date=March 2019}} After the formation of Yezidi [[Peshmerga]] in response to the advance of the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]], the term 'Ezidkhan' experienced a greater usage. In October 2015 the Yekîneyên Parastina Jin ê Şengalê or YPJ-Sinjar (Women's Defense Units of Sinjar) changed its name to Yekinêyen Jinên Êzidxan or YJÊ ([[Êzidxan Women's Units|Ezidkhan Women's Units]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://anfenglish.com/women/ypj-shengal-changes-its-name-to-yje|title=ANF - Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firatê|publisher=|access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref> And in November 2015 the Hêza Parastina Şingal or HPŞ (Protection Force of Sinjar) changed its name to Hêza Parastina Êzîdxanê or HPÊ ([[Êzîdxan Protection Force|Protection Force of Ezidkhan]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ezidipress.com/blog/hps-benennt-sich-in-hpe-um-heza-parastina-ezidxan/|title=HPŞ benennt sich in HPÊ um: Hêza Parastina Êzîdxan – ÊzîdîPress|publisher=|access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref>
'''Ezidkhan''' (or '''Êzîdxan''', "''Land of the Yazidis''")<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=BZ3HUILlfuQC&pg=PA161&dq=%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Mündliche Literatur der Kurden in den Regionen Botan und Hekarî|last=Turgut|first=Lokman|date=2010|publisher=Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH|isbn=9783832527273|language=de}}</ref> is the name of the settlement areas of the [[Yazidis]]. The term is used for historical settlement{{verification needed|date=March 2019}} areas of the Yazidis and also currently inhabited settlement areas by the Yazidis.{{verification needed|date=March 2019}} After the formation of Yezidi [[Peshmerga]] in response to the advance of the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]], the term 'Ezidkhan' experienced a greater usage. In October 2015 the Yekîneyên Parastina Jin ê Şengalê or YPJ-Sinjar (Women's Defense Units of Sinjar) changed its name to Yekinêyen Jinên Êzidxan or YJÊ ([[Êzidxan Women's Units|Ezidkhan Women's Units]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://anfenglish.com/women/ypj-shengal-changes-its-name-to-yje|title=ANF - Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firatê|publisher=|access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref> And in November 2015 the Hêza Parastina Şingal or HPŞ (Protection Force of Sinjar) changed its name to Hêza Parastina Êzîdxanê or HPÊ ([[Êzîdxan Protection Force|Protection Force of Ezidkhan]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ezidipress.com/blog/hps-benennt-sich-in-hpe-um-heza-parastina-ezidxan/|title=HPŞ benennt sich in HPÊ um: Hêza Parastina Êzîdxan – ÊzîdîPress|publisher=|access-date=16 January 2016}}</ref>


== Former and current settlements ==
== Geography ==
{{verification section|date=March 2019}}
{{verification section|date=March 2019}}
The original settlement areas of the Yazidis are located in northern [[Mesopotamia]], today in northern [[Iraq]], northern [[Syria]] and southeastern [[Turkey]]. The Yazidis are indigenous to this region.

=== Iraq ===
=== Iraq ===
The settlement areas of the Yazidis in [[Iraq]] include the city of [[Sinjar|Shingal]], [[Khana Sor]], [[Sinun|Sinune]], [[Zorava]], [[Gohbal]], [[Borek (Iraq)|Borek]] , [[Dohula]], [[Dugure]], [[Siba Sheikh Khidir]], [[Til Ezer]], [[Gir Zerk]], [[Tal Qasab]], [[Tal Banat]], [[Hardan (Iraq)|Hardan]], [[Kocho (Iraq)|Kocho]] of the [[Sinjar District]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hlrn.org/img/documents/YAZIDI%20HLP%20REPORT_EN.pdf|title=Emerging Land Tenure Issues among Displaced Yazidis from Sinjar, Iraq|last=|first=|date=November 2015|website=United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN–Habitat)|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-06}}</ref> [[Ain Sifni|Shekhan]], [[Ba'adra]], [[Lalish]], [[Mahad (Iraq)|Mahad]] of the [[Shekhan District]] and [[Khatarah|Khatare]], [[Bozan, Iraq|Bozan]], [[Beban]], [[Babirah|Babira]], [[Dughata|Dokhata]], [[Sreshka]], [[Khoshaba|Khawshaba]] of [[Tel Keppe District|Tel Kaif District]]. There are also Yazidis in [[Bashiqa]] and [[Bahzani]] in the [[Al-Hamdaniya District]]. These settlements are inhabited by Yazidis and are located in the [[Nineveh Governorate]] in northern Iraq and belongs to the [[Disputed territories of Northern Iraq|disputed territories of northern Iraq]]. Other Yazidi villages such as [[Sharya (Iraq)|Sharya]] and [[Khanke]] are located in the [[Simele District]] of the [[Dohuk Governorate]] in [[Kurdistan Region]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://docs.neu.edu.tr/library/6421411229.pdf|title=Graduate school of social sciences general psychology master's programme: Post-traumatic stress disorder among Ezidian women who escaped from ISIS capture|last=Saadi Azuo|first=Heerish|date=June 2016|website=Near East University|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aina.org/reports/acetste.pdf|title=The Struggle to Exist - Part I: An Introduction to the Assyrians and their Human Rights Situation in the New Iraq|last=|first=|date=February 2010|website=|publisher=Assyria Council of Europe, Hammurabi Human Rights Organization|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-06}}</ref> Yazidis of the Haweri tribe live in the village of [[Dayrabun]] and in the surrounding area in the [[Zakho District]] of Dohuk Governorate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kas.de/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=bfc19076-af7c-f2a4-bbb8-1a3e8d7f4c39&groupId=252038|title=CHRISTIANS AND YAZIDIS IN IRAQ: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS|last=Oehring|first=Otmar|date=|website=Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung|page=93|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-19}}</ref> The [[Arabization]]-policy of the [[Ba'ath Party]] destroyed many Yazidi villages and created new collective settlements from the 1960s to the 1980s. The new Yazidi villages were mainly given Arabic names.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=It22IjmZfT4C&pg=PA55&dq=ain+sifni&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj81eKUwZHfAhXEmLQKHWnOAksQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Die Yeziden im Irak: zwischen "Modelldorf" und Flucht|last=Dulz|first=Irene|date=2001|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=9783825857042|language=de}}</ref>
The settlement areas of the Yazidis in [[Iraq]] include the city of [[Sinjar|Shingal]], [[Khana Sor]], [[Sinun|Sinune]], [[Zorava]], [[Gohbal]], [[Borek (Iraq)|Borek]] , [[Dohula]], [[Dugure]], [[Siba Sheikh Khidir]], [[Til Ezer]], [[Gir Zerk]], [[Tal Qasab]], [[Tal Banat]], [[Hardan (Iraq)|Hardan]], [[Kocho (Iraq)|Kocho]] of the [[Sinjar District]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hlrn.org/img/documents/YAZIDI%20HLP%20REPORT_EN.pdf|title=Emerging Land Tenure Issues among Displaced Yazidis from Sinjar, Iraq|last=|first=|date=November 2015|website=United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN–Habitat)|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-06}}</ref> [[Ain Sifni|Shekhan]], [[Ba'adra]], [[Lalish]], [[Mahad (Iraq)|Mahad]] of the [[Shekhan District]] and [[Khatarah|Khatare]], [[Bozan, Iraq|Bozan]], [[Beban]], [[Babirah|Babira]], [[Dughata|Dokhata]], [[Sreshka]], [[Khoshaba|Khawshaba]] of [[Tel Keppe District|Tel Kaif District]]. There are also Yazidis in [[Bashiqa]] and [[Bahzani]] in the [[Al-Hamdaniya District]]. These settlements are inhabited by Yazidis and are located in the [[Nineveh Governorate]] in northern Iraq and belongs to the [[Disputed territories of Northern Iraq|disputed territories of northern Iraq]]. Other Yazidi villages such as [[Sharya (Iraq)|Sharya]] and [[Khanke]] are located in the [[Simele District]] of the [[Dohuk Governorate]] in [[Kurdistan Region]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://docs.neu.edu.tr/library/6421411229.pdf|title=Graduate school of social sciences general psychology master's programme: Post-traumatic stress disorder among Ezidian women who escaped from ISIS capture|last=Saadi Azuo|first=Heerish|date=June 2016|website=Near East University|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aina.org/reports/acetste.pdf|title=The Struggle to Exist - Part I: An Introduction to the Assyrians and their Human Rights Situation in the New Iraq|last=|first=|date=February 2010|website=|publisher=Assyria Council of Europe, Hammurabi Human Rights Organization|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-06}}</ref> Yazidis of the Haweri tribe live in the village of [[Dayrabun]] and in the surrounding area in the [[Zakho District]] of Dohuk Governorate.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kas.de/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=bfc19076-af7c-f2a4-bbb8-1a3e8d7f4c39&groupId=252038|title=CHRISTIANS AND YAZIDIS IN IRAQ: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS|last=Oehring|first=Otmar|date=|website=Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung|page=93|format=PDF|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-02-19}}</ref> The [[Arabization]]-policy of the [[Ba'ath Party]] destroyed many Yazidi villages and created new collective settlements from the 1960s to the 1980s. The new Yazidi villages were mainly given Arabic names.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=It22IjmZfT4C&pg=PA55&dq=ain+sifni&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj81eKUwZHfAhXEmLQKHWnOAksQ6AEIJTAA#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Die Yeziden im Irak: zwischen "Modelldorf" und Flucht|last=Dulz|first=Irene|date=2001|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=9783825857042|language=de}}</ref>
Line 49: Line 45:
* Bila qayîmkin Îmanê (They should consolidate and defend their faith)
* Bila qayîmkin Îmanê (They should consolidate and defend their faith)
* Şerfedîn mîr e li dîwanê (Sherfedin is the prince in residence)
* Şerfedîn mîr e li dîwanê (Sherfedin is the prince in residence)

== Notable historical locations ==
The village of [[Lalish]], containing the holiest temple complex in [[Yezidism]], is located within the Yezidi settlements in what is now northern Iraq.


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 59: Line 52:
* [[Sinjar Alliance]]
* [[Sinjar Alliance]]
* [[Kurdification]] and [[Arabization]]
* [[Kurdification]] and [[Arabization]]
* [[Yazidi language]]


==References==
==References==
Line 66: Line 58:
[[Category:Yazidi holy places]]
[[Category:Yazidi holy places]]
[[Category:Yazidi populated places]]
[[Category:Yazidi populated places]]
⚫
[[Category:Divided regions]]
[[Category:Cultural regions]]
[[Category:Cultural regions]]
[[Category:Historical regions]]
[[Category:Historical regions]]
⚫
[[Category:Kurdistan]]
[[Category:Iraq]]

Revision as of 23:48, 23 March 2019

Ezidkhan
Êzîdxan
ايزيدخان

Language Kurmanji Kurdish (also named "Êzdîkî" by Yazidis[1][2][3])
Religion Yazidism (called "Sharfadin" by Yazidis[1][4])
Location Upper Mesopotamia, northern Iraq (Sinjar District and the Nineveh plains in the Nineveh Governorate), northern Syria (Afrin region and parts of the Al-Hasakah Governorate), southeastern Turkey (Southeastern Anatolia Region with the Tur Abdin region inside)[verification needed]
Countries  Iraq
 Syria[verification needed]
 Turkey[verification needed]
Population 500,000 in Iraq (2018 estimation)[5]
70,000 in Syria[6][7]
60,000 in Turkey (in the 1980s)[8], today 5,000 Yazidis in Turkey[9][10]
Largest cities Sinjar, Lalish

Ezidkhan (or Êzîdxan, "Land of the Yazidis")[11] is the name of the settlement areas of the Yazidis. The term is used for historical settlement[verification needed] areas of the Yazidis and also currently inhabited settlement areas by the Yazidis.[verification needed] After the formation of Yezidi Peshmerga in response to the advance of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the term 'Ezidkhan' experienced a greater usage. In October 2015 the Yekîneyên Parastina Jin ê Şengalê or YPJ-Sinjar (Women's Defense Units of Sinjar) changed its name to Yekinêyen Jinên Êzidxan or YJÊ (Ezidkhan Women's Units).[12] And in November 2015 the Hêza Parastina Şingal or HPŞ (Protection Force of Sinjar) changed its name to Hêza Parastina Êzîdxanê or HPÊ (Protection Force of Ezidkhan).[13]

Former and current settlements

Iraq

The settlement areas of the Yazidis in Iraq include the city of Shingal, Khana Sor, Sinune, Zorava, Gohbal, Borek , Dohula, Dugure, Siba Sheikh Khidir, Til Ezer, Gir Zerk, Tal Qasab, Tal Banat, Hardan, Kocho of the Sinjar District.[14] Shekhan, Ba'adra, Lalish, Mahad of the Shekhan District and Khatare, Bozan, Beban, Babira, Dokhata, Sreshka, Khawshaba of Tel Kaif District. There are also Yazidis in Bashiqa and Bahzani in the Al-Hamdaniya District. These settlements are inhabited by Yazidis and are located in the Nineveh Governorate in northern Iraq and belongs to the disputed territories of northern Iraq. Other Yazidi villages such as Sharya and Khanke are located in the Simele District of the Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region.[15][16] Yazidis of the Haweri tribe live in the village of Dayrabun and in the surrounding area in the Zakho District of Dohuk Governorate.[17] The Arabization-policy of the Ba'ath Party destroyed many Yazidi villages and created new collective settlements from the 1960s to the 1980s. The new Yazidi villages were mainly given Arabic names.[18]

Yazidi temple (Chel Mera) in Sinjar

Turkey

The Yazidis in Turkey lived mainly in southeastern Anatolia, especially in the Tur Abdin region, namely in the villages of Taqa (Oyuklu), Kefnas (Çayırlı), Bacin (Güven), Denwan (Çörekli), Kherabya (Yenice), Koçan etc. in the Midyat District of the Mardin Province and in Efshe (Kaleli), Qolika (Değirmencik), Mezre (Çilesiz), Geliye Sora (Güneli), Khanik (Mağaracık), Fisqin (Sapanlı) in the Nusaybin District of Mardin Province and in Kiwekh (Mağara) in the İdil District of the Şırnak Province.[19][20] Other Yazidi villages in Turkey are Cinerya (Yolveren) in the Batman Merkez District of the Batman Province and Hacre (Yolkonak), Feqira (Üçkuyular), Kelhok (Kuşçukuru), Qorikh (Uğurca), Shimiz (Oğuz), Hamduna (Kurukavak), Bazivan (Kumgeçit), Geduk (Deveboynu), Shahsim (Onbaşı), Dusha (Meydancık), Tekheri (Uğrak) in the Beşiri District of the Batman Province.[21][22][23] There were also Yazidi villages in the Viranşehir District of the Şanlıurfa Province.[8][24] Other former Yazidi settlement areas are located in the provinces of Diyarbakır and Siirt.[25] The Turkification of geographic names in Turkey renamed the Yazidi villages into Turkish names.[26] In the 1980s, there were about 60,000 Yazidis in Turkey.[8] Today there are about 5,000 Yazidis in Turkey.[9][10] Almost all the Yazidis from Turkey have fled their settlements due to oppression by Ottoman authorities and militias. Most Yazidis, originally from Turkey, currently live in Germany, Armenia and Georgia. Some of them have also fled to Sinjar in Iraq. The small Yazidi villages were mostly uninhabited after the expulsion of the Yazidis from Turkey and were considered extinct. After the mass escape of the Yazidis from Sinjar in 2014, many Yazidis from Iraq have temporarily fled to the extinct Yazidi villages in Turkey.[27][28] Some Yazidis who are originally from Turkey and currently live in Germany trying to return to their villages but they are threatened by paramilitary and islamic-fundamentalistic groups.[29]

Yazidi temple in the Yazidi village Bacin (Güven) in the Midyat District of the Mardin Province in Turkey
Yazidi temple in the Yazidi village Cinerya (Yolveren) in the Batman Merkez District of the Batman Province in Turkey

Syria

The settlement areas of the Yazidis in Syria includes the surrounding villages around the city of Afrin, such as Basufan, Feqira, Baflun, Qastel Jindo, Shirkan, Qatma, Qibar etc. The city of Afrin itself is predominantly inhabited by Kurds. But also many Yazidis live in Afrin. About 20,000 Yazidis live in Syria in several dozen villages around the region of Afrin. An exact number of the Yazidis in Syria and their villages is unknown. Some estimates are from 21 villages, others from 23 villages and others from 26 villages of the Yazidis in the region of Afrin. The second largest settlement area of the Yazidis in Syria is located in the governorate of al-Hasakah in the region of Jazīra in northeastern Syria. Close to Tirbespi (al-Qahtaniyya) lie the Yazidi villages of Drechik, Mizgeft, Chelhumiye, Cucumber Shemo, Tell Khatun, Otelja and Alaresh. Close to Amuda lie the Yazidi villages Khirbet Khazal, Khirbet Khwe, Tell Hishk, Kulye, Merkeb, Khirbet Feqira, Qislachuk, Gondor, Kerengo, Dogerki and Chetele. North of al-Hasakah are the Yazidi villages Khirbet Khidir, Tell Tawil, Slemaniye, Tolko, Zeydiye, Berzan, Jidale, Jdeyde, Tell Teyr, Gumar, Gumar Gharbi, Tell Aswad, Mehmudiye, Antariye, Morik, Nasriye, Khirbet Jamal, Awgira , Hasheri, Mehek, Mozko, Khirbet Dilan and Bur Said. Near Sere Kaniye (Ras al-Ayn) along the Khabur River are other Yazidi villages such as Asadiye, Tell Sakhar, Tell Beydar, Merekis, Khan Temir, Shukriye, Lizga, Chava, Derdere, Tell Eliye, Abu Jarade, Tell Naif, Khirbet Batana, Tell Khanzir and Sheikh Hmud. The Yazidi villages were almost completely destroyed and bombed by the civil war in Syria and by the procedure of the Islamic State and the Turkish military operation in Afrin. Previously, IS terrorists destroyed Yazidi temples and desecrated Yazidi tombs there. Presumably, all the Yazidis fled Syria if they were not killed.[30][31]

Historical references

The term Ezidkhan is also often found in the sacred texts of the Yezidi. An example of this is the Qesîda Şerfedîn (The message of Sherfedin):[32]

  • Ciwabê bidne Êzîdxanê (Proclaims the message in the Land of the Yezidis)
  • Bila qayîmkin Îmanê (They should consolidate and defend their faith)
  • Şerfedîn mîr e li dîwanê (Sherfedin is the prince in residence)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Asatrian, Garnik S.; Arakelova, Victoria (2014-09-03). The Religion of the Peacock Angel: The Yezidis and Their Spirit World. Routledge. ISBN 9781317544289.
  2. ^ Nielsen, Jørgen; Akgönül, Samim; Alibašić, Ahmet; Goddard, Hugh; Maréchal, Brigitte (2011-10-28). Yearbook of Muslims in Europe. BRILL. ISBN 9789004207554.
  3. ^ Coene, Frederik (2009-10-16). The Caucasus - An Introduction. Routledge. ISBN 9781135203023.
  4. ^ Arakelova, Victoria. "Ethno-Religious Communities Identity markers". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ "Surviving Islamic State: The Plight Of The Yazidi Community". Nikita Malik. Forbes. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  6. ^ "Yazidi in Syria Between acceptance and marginalization" (PDF). KurdWatch. kurdwatch.org. p. 4. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
  7. ^ Andrea Glioti (18 October 2013). "Yazidis Benefit From Kurdish Gains in Northeast Syria". al-monitor. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 1 April 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ a b c Açikyildiz, Birgül (2014-12-23). The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9780857720610.
  9. ^ a b "Turkey". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2019-01-22.
  10. ^ a b International Religious Freedom (2010): Annual Report to Congress. DIANE Publishing. ISBN 9781437944396.
  11. ^ Turgut, Lokman (2010). Mündliche Literatur der Kurden in den Regionen Botan und Hekarî (in German). Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. ISBN 9783832527273.
  12. ^ "ANF - Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firatê". Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  13. ^ "HPŞ benennt sich in HPÊ um: Hêza Parastina Êzîdxan – ÊzîdîPress". Retrieved 16 January 2016.
  14. ^ "Emerging Land Tenure Issues among Displaced Yazidis from Sinjar, Iraq" (PDF). United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN–Habitat). November 2015. Retrieved 2018-12-06. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  15. ^ Saadi Azuo, Heerish (June 2016). "Graduate school of social sciences general psychology master's programme: Post-traumatic stress disorder among Ezidian women who escaped from ISIS capture" (PDF). Near East University. Retrieved 2018-12-06. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  16. ^ "The Struggle to Exist - Part I: An Introduction to the Assyrians and their Human Rights Situation in the New Iraq" (PDF). Assyria Council of Europe, Hammurabi Human Rights Organization. February 2010. Retrieved 2018-12-06. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  17. ^ Oehring, Otmar. "CHRISTIANS AND YAZIDIS IN IRAQ: CURRENT SITUATION AND PROSPECTS" (PDF). Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. p. 93. Retrieved 2019-02-19. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  18. ^ Dulz, Irene (2001). Die Yeziden im Irak: zwischen "Modelldorf" und Flucht (in German). LIT Verlag Münster. ISBN 9783825857042.
  19. ^ "TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Diyarbakır Şubesi" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-12-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  20. ^ "İHD'den Ezidi Raporu". Mardin Life Gazete, Dergi, Ajans ve Matbaası (in Turkish). Retrieved 2019-01-03.
  21. ^ Soydan, Ersoy. "BATMAN YEZIDIS AND YEZIDIS ORAL TRADITION (BATMAN YEZİDİLERİ VE YEZİDİ SÖZLÜ KÜLTÜRÜ)". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  22. ^ "ON FINAL SETTLEMENT PLACES AND POPULATION OF EZIDIS, AN ETHNO-RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY, IN BATMAN AND NEARBY VICINITY" (PDF). Turkish Studies. Retrieved 2018-12-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  23. ^ "İNSAN HAKLARI BATMAN PLATFORMUNUN BATMAN'DAKİ SIĞINMACI VE MÜLTECİLERE İLİŞKİN GÖZLEM VE TESPİT RAPORU" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-01-03. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  24. ^ AYDIN, Gülden. "Son 377 Yezidi kaldı". www.hurriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). Retrieved 2019-01-03.
  25. ^ Acikyildiz, Birgul (2014-08-20). The Yezidis: The History of a Community, Culture and Religion. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781784532161.
  26. ^ "Yazidis in Turkey on the verge of extinction". Israel National News. Retrieved 2019-02-02.
  27. ^ "Genetic Affinity between the Armenian Yezidis and the Iraqi Kurds" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-12-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  28. ^ "Yazidis in Turkey: Old homeland, new homeland - Qantara.de". Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World. Retrieved 2019-01-03.
  29. ^ "Situation von Angehörigen der ezidischen Religionsgemeinschaft" (PDF). bundestag.de (in German). Deutscher Bundestag. 2014. p. 2. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  30. ^ Maisel, Sebastian (2016-12-24). Yezidis in Syria: Identity Building among a Double Minority. Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739177754.
  31. ^ Mercadier, Sylvain. "Turkey's Afrin operation stokes Yazidi fears and fuels displacement". alaraby. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
  32. ^ "Qesîda Şerfedîn – Die Botschaft Şerfedîns". Retrieved 16 January 2016.
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