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The first attack took place on 4 October, killing one civilian and wounding more than 30. It was one of the first serious attacks in the conflict outside the [[Nagorno-Karabakh|Nagorno-Karabakh region]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54407436 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/azerbaijans-no-2-city-targeted-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan-armenia-nagornokarabakh-territory-city-b778901.html |title=Azerbaijan's No. 2 city targeted in fighting with Armenia |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[The Independent]] }}</ref> The second attack occurred on 8 October; no casualties were reported.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3312771.html |title=Azerbaijan's Ganja under fire once again by Armenian troops |date=8 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=en |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] }}</ref> The third attack took place on 11 October. In the attack, ten people died and more than forty were injured, including minors. The attack was one of the first major violations of the ceasefire, signed a day earlier, to attempt to halt the conflict.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201011-armenia-azerbaijan-continue-to-levy-charges-of-civilian-strikes-after-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia, Azerbaijan trade accusations as civilian areas hit despite truce |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[France24]]}}</ref> The fourth attack occurred on 17 October. According to initial reports, thirteen civilians were killed and more than fifty injured in the attack.<ref name="riakapaz" /> During the attacks, infrastructure was also destroyed, including apartment blocks and other buildings, and vehicles.
The first attack took place on 4 October, killing one civilian and wounding more than 30. It was one of the first serious attacks in the conflict outside the [[Nagorno-Karabakh|Nagorno-Karabakh region]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54407436 |title=Nagorno-Karabakh conflict: Major cities hit as heavy fighting continues |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[BBC]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/azerbaijans-no-2-city-targeted-fighting-armenia-azerbaijan-armenia-nagornokarabakh-territory-city-b778901.html |title=Azerbaijan's No. 2 city targeted in fighting with Armenia |date=4 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[The Independent]] }}</ref> The second attack occurred on 8 October; no casualties were reported.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.trend.az/azerbaijan/politics/3312771.html |title=Azerbaijan's Ganja under fire once again by Armenian troops |date=8 October 2020 |access-date=16 October 2020 |language=en |agency=[[Trend News Agency]] }}</ref> The third attack took place on 11 October. In the attack, ten people died and more than forty were injured, including minors. The attack was one of the first major violations of the ceasefire, signed a day earlier, to attempt to halt the conflict.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20201011-armenia-azerbaijan-continue-to-levy-charges-of-civilian-strikes-after-nagorno-karabakh-ceasefire |title=Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia, Azerbaijan trade accusations as civilian areas hit despite truce |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[France24]]}}</ref> The fourth attack occurred on 17 October. According to initial reports, thirteen civilians were killed and more than fifty injured in the attack.<ref name="riakapaz" /> During the attacks, infrastructure was also destroyed, including apartment blocks and other buildings, and vehicles.


Azerbaijan accused [[Armenia]] of the attacks, but Armenia denied any responsibility.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Rory |last1=Sullivan |first2=Lindsay |last2=Isaac |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/10/europe/azerbaijan-armenia-ceasefire-intl/index.html |title=Azerbaijan and Armenia accuse each other of breaking ceasefire |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[CNN]] }}</ref> The Azerbaijani government called the third attack "an act of genocide"<ref name="genocide" /> and retaliated with a [[surgical strike]] on three [[R-17 Elbrus]] ballistic missile launchers in the Artsakh-controlled [[Kalbajar District]].
Azerbaijan accused [[Armenia]] of the attacks, but Armenia denied any responsibility.<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Rory |last1=Sullivan |first2=Lindsay |last2=Isaac |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/10/europe/azerbaijan-armenia-ceasefire-intl/index.html |title=Azerbaijan and Armenia accuse each other of breaking ceasefire |date=11 October 2020 |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=en |publisher=[[CNN]] }}</ref> The [[Artsakh Defence Army]] admitted responsibility for the first attack. The Azerbaijani government called the third attack "an act of genocide"<ref name="genocide" /> and retaliated with a [[surgical strike]] on three [[R-17 Elbrus]] ballistic missile launchers in the Artsakh-controlled [[Kalbajar District]].


== Background ==
== Background ==

Revision as of 01:44, 19 October 2020

2020 Ganja ballistic missile attacks
Part of 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
File:2020 Ganja bombings.jpg
Destroyed buildings after the third attack.
2020 Ganja missile attacks is located in Ganja, Azerbaijan
2020 Ganja missile attacks
2020 Ganja missile attacks
2020 Ganja missile attacks
2020 Ganja missile attacks
2020 Ganja missile attacks
class=notpageimage|
Locations of the missile attacks
First attack
Second attack
Third attack
Fourth attack
LocationGanja, Azerbaijan
Date
  • 4 October 2020
  • 8 October 2020
  • 10 October 2020
  • 17 October 2020 (GMT+4)
Attack type
Ballistic missile attack
Weapons
Deaths25
Injured122+
Perpetrators

The Ganja ballistic missile attacks (Azerbaijani: Gəncə bombalanmaları) were four separate missile attacks on the city of Ganja, Azerbaijan in October 2020, during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

The first attack took place on 4 October, killing one civilian and wounding more than 30. It was one of the first serious attacks in the conflict outside the Nagorno-Karabakh region.[1][2] The second attack occurred on 8 October; no casualties were reported.[3] The third attack took place on 11 October. In the attack, ten people died and more than forty were injured, including minors. The attack was one of the first major violations of the ceasefire, signed a day earlier, to attempt to halt the conflict.[4] The fourth attack occurred on 17 October. According to initial reports, thirteen civilians were killed and more than fifty injured in the attack.[5] During the attacks, infrastructure was also destroyed, including apartment blocks and other buildings, and vehicles.

Azerbaijan accused Armenia of the attacks, but Armenia denied any responsibility.[6] The Artsakh Defence Army admitted responsibility for the first attack. The Azerbaijani government called the third attack "an act of genocide"[7] and retaliated with a surgical strike on three R-17 Elbrus ballistic missile launchers in the Artsakh-controlled Kalbajar District.

Background

Main article: 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes

On 27 September 2020, clashes broke out in the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region, which is de facto controlled by Artsakh, but is de jure part of Azerbaijan.[8] Ganja, the second largest city of Azerbaijan, has a population of 335 thousand people,[9] It is situated 97 kilometres (60 mi) north of the Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact and 241 kilometres (150 mi) east of the Armenian-Azerbaijani state border.[10]

Trilateral talks on the conflict between the Foreign Ministers of Russia, Azerbaijan and Armenia began on 9 October 2020 in Moscow.[11] Sergey Lavrov, Jeyhun Bayramov and Zohrab Mnatsakanyan participated in the talks.[12] Lavrov issued a joint statement after 10 hours of talks that ended at 03:00 local time,[13] confirming that a humanitarian ceasefire would come to force at midday.[14][15] Minutes after the truce was to come into effect, the two parties blamed each other for proceeding with attacks in violation of the ceasefire.[16] Azerbaijan stated that the ceasefire was temporary and emphasized it would not renege on its goal to retake control of the region.[17]

Attacks

First attack

Ganja was first hit by an OTR-21 Tochka ballistic missile on 4 October.[18][19] Azerbaijan accused Armenia of the attack, which it denied,[20] with Artsakh taking responsibility, stating that it fired on military targets, especially Ganja International Airport,[21] while Azerbaijan stated that there were no military targets in the city.[22] Subsequently, both a correspondent reporting from the scene for a Russian media outlet and the airport director denied that the airport, which was not operational since March due to the COVID-19 pandemic, had been hit.[23] As a result of the attack, one civilian was killed, while 30 were injured.[24]

Second attack

According to the Azerbaijani National Agency for Mine Action, Scud missiles were fired at Ganja on 11 and 17 October.

Ganja was again hit on 8 October. No civilian casualties were reported, but a number of residential buildings and one private vehicle were damaged.[25]

Third attack

A day after the ceasefire signed on 10 October, at 02:00 local time the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defence stated that units belonging to the Armenian Armed Forces in Berd, Armenia,[26] had fired upon Ganja[27] with a Scud missile.[28] The missile hit an apartment building, completely destroying it.[29][30] Shortly after, search and rescue teams arrived at the scene.[31] During the attack, significant infrastructure in the city,[32][33] namely 31 apartment buildings were completely destroyed,[34] structures and vehicles in the vicinity of the explosion were seriously damaged.[35] The attack affected 205 people living in a total of 95 apartments.[34] Armenia denied responsibility for the attack.[36] As a result of the attack, ten people were killed[37] and 40 people were injured, with women and children being among the victims.[38]

Fourth attack

On 17 October, at approximately 01:00 local time, the Azerbaijani authorities stated that the Armenian Armed Forces had fired Scud missiles[39] at Ganja.[40][41] Journalists reported three powerful explosions in the city.[42] According to a RIA Novosti correspondent, the missiles struck densely populated residential areas of the city, leveling several rows of residential and other buildings,[43][44] the first one being less than two kilometers (1.2mi) away from the city hall,[45] and the second within Kapaz District in the east of the city.[5] Vasily Polonsky, a "Dozhd" correspondent said that there were no military bases and important objects near the places struck by the missiles.[46] According to local authorities, about 20 houses were destroyed,[47] trapping many civilians under the rubble.[48] Search and rescue teams of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Emergency Situations and servicemen of the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense arrived at the scene,[49] calling in sniffer dogs[50] to rescue the wounded and recover the dead. Armenia denied responsibility for the attack.[51]

As a result of the attack, 13 civilians were killed and more than 52 were injured according to initial reports.[52]

Azerbaijani response

On 14 October, Azerbaijan stated it had retaliated for the third attack, claiming the destruction of three R-17 Elbrus tactical ballistic missile launchers in Kalbajar District, under Artsakh's control.[53] According to Azerbaijan, the missile launchers had been targeting Ganja and Mingachevir. Armenia confirmed that sites within Armenia had been struck while continuing to deny it had attacked Azerbaijan.[54]

Three days later, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev stated that the Azerbaijani forces had retaliated for the fourth attack, seizing control of Fuzuli and several villages within the district of the same name.[55]

Reactions

The attacks were strongly condemned by the Azerbaijani government, which labeled the third attack "an act of genocide against the Azerbaijani people we have witnessed since the Khojaly Massacre".[7] Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev called the third attack a war crime and a "gross" violation of the ceasefire, promising a "befitting retaliation".[56] He also called the fourth attack a war crime and promised to retaliate,[57] adding that Azerbaijan would "punish" Armenia if the international community did not react,[58] while the Azerbaijani ombudsman Sabina Aliyeva accused Armenia of supporting terrorism.[59]

Internationally, the third and fourth attacks were condemned by Turkey,[60] which called the latter a war crime.[61] The Qatari,[62] Malay,[63] Swiss[64] and British[65] ambassadors to Azerbaijan expressed their condolences for the third attack, while the European Union condemned the fourth attack.[66] Artsakh authorities published a list mentioning military targets within the city.[67]

On 16 October, Azerbaijanis, Iranian Azerbaijanis, and Turks living in the United Kingdom gathered in front of Amnesty International's London headquarters and held a protest rally, condemning the Armenian Armed Forces’ shelling of residential areas and civilians in Ganja, Mingachevir, Tartar, and other regions.[68] The next day, Azerbaijani Americans held a rally in Chicago, condemning the missile attacks.[69] The following day, British Azerbaijanis commemorated those killed during the attacks in front of the Azerbaijani embassy in London,[70] while Georgian Azerbaijanis held a rally in front of the Parliament Building in Tbilisi.[71] The same day, Russian Azerbaijanis dedicated part of the entrance door of Azerbaijan's embassy to Russia in Moscow to the memory of the victims of the 17 October attack.[72]

References

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  70. ^ "People, who were killed in Ganja, commemorated in front of Azerbaijani Embassy in Great Britain". APA.az. 18 October 2020. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
  71. ^ APA.az (18 October 2020). "Rally in support to Azerbaijan held in front of parliament building in Tbilisi - PHOTOSESSION". apa.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 18 October 2020.
  72. ^ APA.az (18 October 2020). "Victims of act of terrorism committed by Armenia in Azerbaijan's Ganja city were commemorated in Moscow". apa.az (in Azerbaijani). Retrieved 18 October 2020.

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