Jump to content

Ludza: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 56°33′N 27°43′E / 56.550°N 27.717°E / 56.550; 27.717
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
BHGbot (talk | contribs)
132,943 edits
m WP:BHGbot 6 (List 3): fixed sort key; WP:GENFIXES
Added facts and references about Ludza history.
Line 31: Line 31:
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = ''2011''
| population_as_of = ''2020''
| population_total = 8931
| population_total = 7 667
| population_metro =
| population_metro =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_density_km2 =
Line 46: Line 46:
| website = [http://www.ludza.lv/ ludza.lv]
| website = [http://www.ludza.lv/ ludza.lv]
}}
}}
⚫
'''Ludza''' ({{audio|Lv-Ludza.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{lang-pl|Lucyn}}, {{lang-de|Ludsen}}, {{lang-ru|Лудза}}, ''Ludza'') is a town in the [[Latgale]] region of eastern [[Latvia]]. It is located on the main [[Riga]] - [[Moscow]] road, part of [[European route E22]], and only 30 km from the Latvian-[[Russia|Russian]] border. The population as of 2020 was 7,667.<ref name="csb.gov">{{cite web|url=http://data.csb.gov.lv/pxweb/en/iedz/iedz__iedzskaits__ikgad/ISG020.px/|title=ISG020. Population number and its change by statistical region, city, town, 21 development centres and county|website=data.csb.gov.lv|accessdate=2021-02-21}}</ref>
⚫
[[File:Ludza Panorama.jpg|thumb|right|View of [[Ludza Castle]] ruins from Orthodox Church]]
⚫
'''Ludza''' ({{audio|Lv-Ludza.ogg|pronunciation}}; {{lang-pl|Lucyn}}, {{lang-de|Ludsen}}, {{lang-ru|Лудза}}, ''Ludza'') is a town in the [[Latgale]] region of eastern [[Latvia]]. It is located on the main Riga - Moscow road, part of [[European route E22]], and only 30&nbsp;km from the Latvian-Russian border. The population as of 2011 was 8,931.


==History==
==History==
[[File:Lucyn, Łuža. Люцын, Лужа (N. Orda, 1875-76).jpg|thumb|left|Painting of [[Ludza Castle]] ruins by [[Napoleon Orda]].]]
After [[Nikolay Karamzin]], Ludza was first mentioned as ''Лючин'' in [[Hypatian Codex]] dating back to 1173 or 1177. In 1399 the [[Livonian Order]] built a stone fortress atop an older Latgalian fortress and used Ludza as an eastern outpost in [[Livonia]]. [[Ludza Castle]] ruins can be visited nowadays. After the dissolution of the Livonian Order in 1561, Ludza was incorporated to the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and became part of [[Wenden Voivodeship]]. After the first [[partition of Poland]] in 1772 was taken over by the [[Russian Empire]] and added to [[Vitebsk Governorate]]. Ludza received town rights in 1777 from [[Catherine II of Russia]]. The Jewish population was important in the town. On July 1941, the Germans occupied the town and kept the Jews prisoners in a [[ghetto]]. From July 1941 until the spring of 1942, hundreds of Jews are murdered in mass executions perpetrated by [[Einsatzgruppen]].
After [[Nikolay Karamzin]], Ludza was first mentioned as ''Лючин'' in [[Hypatian Codex]] dating back to 1173 or 1177.<ref name="rvb.ru">{{cite web|url=https://rvb.ru/18vek/karamzin/4igr/01text/02prim/vol_03.htm|title= Карамзин Н. История государства Российского: примечание 12 к III тому|website=rvb.ru|accessdate=2021-02-21}}</ref> In 1399 the [[Livonian Order]] built a stone fortress atop an older Latgalian fortress and used Ludza as an eastern outpost in [[Livonia]]. [[Ludza Castle]] ruins can be visited nowadays.


===Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth===
⚫
Until July 1, 2009, Ludza was the administrative centre of [[Ludza District]]. On July 1, 2009, due to the introduction of the new administrative division in Latvia it became the centre of [[Ludza municipality]].
After the dissolution of the Livonian Order in 1561, Ludza was incorporated to the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and became part of [[Wenden Voivodeship]]. In January 1626, during the [[Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)|Polish-Swedish War]], Ludza was captured without a battle by [[Swedish Empire|Sweden]] due to defeat of the forces of [[Marszałek|Polish-Lithuanian marshal]] [[Jan Stanisław Sapieha]]. Later it was recaptured by Polish forces.<ref name="Ludzas Taisneiba">{{cite news |last=Minčonoks |first=Vladislavs |title=Ludzas pilsētas vēsture |publisher=Ludzas Taisneiba |edition=17 |page=4 |date=1961-02-09}}</ref>

In 1678, [[Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Commonwealth's Sejm]] appointed a special commission in [[Grodno]] that had to build [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] churches in Latgale. Year later, a commission visited Ludza and in 1687, a the building of the church was completed. In 1736, church was destroyed by fire.<ref name="Daugavas Vēstnesis">{{cite news |last=Murāns |first=Francis |title=Ludzas vēstures pēdās |publisher=Daugavas Vēstnesis |edition=45 |page=5 |date=1939-08-14}}</ref>

===Russian Empire===
After the first [[partition of Poland]] in 1772 was taken over by the [[Russian Empire]] and added to [[Vitebsk Governorate]]. Ludza received town rights in 1777 from [[Catherine II of Russia]]. During the first part of the 19th century, most of the population of Ludza were [[Jews]] (67% in 1815) and there were 7 [[Synagogue|synagogues]] in town.<ref>Mejers Melers. Ebreju kapsētas Latvijā. Rīga 2006. {{ISBN|9984-19-904-5}} 69. lpp.</ref>

===Latvia===
After signing of the [[Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty]] in 1920, [[Ludzas apriņķis]] and Ludza as its administrative centre was incorporated into the [[Republic of Latvia]].

During the [[World War II]], on July 1941, the [[Nazi Germany|Germans]] occupied the town and kept the Jewish prisoners in a [[ghetto]]. From July 1941 until the spring of 1942, hundreds of Jews are murdered in mass executions perpetrated by [[Einsatzgruppen]].

⚫
After Latvia regained its independence in 1991, Ludza became the administrative centre of [[Ludza District]]. On July 1, 2009, due to the introduction of the new administrative division in Latvia it became the centre of [[Ludza municipality]].


==Tourism==
==Tourism==
⚫
[[File:Ludzas pilsdrupas.jpg|thumb|left|Ruins of the [[Ludza Castle]].]]
Ludza Museum and Ludza Tourism Information Centre offer excursions around the town. The most visited sights are:
Ludza Museum and Ludza Tourism Information Centre offer excursions around the town. The most visited sights are:


Line 76: Line 90:


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
As of 2011, the town had a population of 8931, of which 5175 (57.9%) were ethnic Latvians, 3259 (36.5%) were ethnic Russians, 192 (2.1%) were Belarusians, 103 (1.2%) were Ukrainians, 84 (0.9%) were Poles, 23 (0.3%) were Lithuanians, and 95 (1.1%) belonging to other ethnic groups.<ref>http://pop-stat.mashke.org/latvia-ethnic-comm2011.htm</ref>
As of 2011, the town had a population of 8931, of which 5175 (57.9%) were ethnic [[Latvians]], 3259 (36.5%) were ethnic [[Russians]], 192 (2.1%) were Belarusians, 103 (1.2%) were [[Ukrainians]], 84 (0.9%) were [[Poles]], 23 (0.3%) were [[Lithuanians]], and 95 (1.1%) belonging to other ethnic groups.<ref name="pop-stat">{{cite web|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/latvia-ethnic-comm2011.htm|title=Ethnic composition of Latvia (2011)|website=pop-stat.mashke.org|accessdate=2021-02-21}}</ref>


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
[[File:Kulnev.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Yakov Kulnev]]
[[File:Kulnev.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Yakov Kulnev]]
===Born in Ludza===

* [[Yakov Kulnev]] (1763–1812) – major-general, hero of the Patriotic war with Napoleon
* [[Yakov Kulnev]] (1763–1812) – major-general, hero of the Patriotic war with Napoleon
* [[Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski]] (1878—1945) – Polish writer and explorer
* [[Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski]] (1878—1945) – Polish writer and explorer
* [[Karol Bohdanowicz]] (1864–1947) – Polish geologist
* [[Karol Bohdanowicz]] (1864–1947) – Polish geologist
* [[Wanda Dynowska]] (1888–1971) – Polish writer, translator and theosophist, social activist in [[India]]
* [[Leonid Dobychin]] (1894–1936) – Russian writer
* [[Leonid Dobychin]] (1894–1936) – Russian writer
* [[Ilya Chashnik]] (1902–1929) – Russian [[suprematism|suprematist]] painter
* [[Ilya Chashnik]] (1902–1929) – Russian [[suprematism|suprematist]] painter
Line 97: Line 110:
* [[Sebezh]] (Russia)
* [[Sebezh]] (Russia)
* [[Novopolotsk]] (Belarus)
* [[Novopolotsk]] (Belarus)

Ludza municipality takes part in the [[Euroregion]]s Pskov, Livonija,<ref>[http://www.pskov-livonia.net/index.php?lang=en&section=news Pskov, Livonija]</ref> and Country of Lakes.<ref>[http://www.country-of-lakes.de/cgi-bin/cgi.pl?id=0&l=2 Country of Lakes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718215153/http://www.country-of-lakes.de/cgi-bin/cgi.pl?id=0&l=2 |date=2011-07-18 }}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Ludza Castle.jpg|Ruins of the castle
File:Chashnik Suprematism.jpg|"Suprematism" by [[Ilya Chashnik]], 1923
File:Ludza Catholic Church.JPG|Ludza Catholic Church
File:Ludzas Vissvētās Dievmātes aizmigšanas pareizticīgo baznīca (1843.), Latgales iela 121, Ludza, Latvia - M.Strīķis - Panoramio.jpg|Russian Orthodox church in Ludza
File:Ludza music school.JPG|Ludza Music Primary School
File:Ludzas luterāņu baznīca - panoramio.jpg|Lutheran Church
File:Ludza-synagogue 02.JPG|Former synagogue
File:Ludza-jewish-cemetery-4.JPG|Jewish cemetery across Little Lake Ludza
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 01:21, 21 February 2021

For the river, see Ludza (river).
Ludza
Town
Ludza skyline
Ludza skyline
Coat of arms of Ludza
Coat of arms
Ludza is located in Latvia
Ludza
Ludza
Location in Latvia
Coordinates: 56°33′N 27°43′E / 56.550°N 27.717°E / 56.550; 27.717
Country Latvia
Town rights1777
Government
 • MayorEdgars Mekšs
Population
 (2020)
 • Total7 667
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Postal code
LV-570(1-2)
Calling code+371 657
Number of Municipality council members15
Websiteludza.lv

Ludza (pronunciationⓘ; Polish: Lucyn, German: Ludsen, Russian: Лудза, Ludza) is a town in the Latgale region of eastern Latvia. It is located on the main Riga - Moscow road, part of European route E22, and only 30 km from the Latvian-Russian border. The population as of 2020 was 7,667.[1]

History

Painting of Ludza Castle ruins by Napoleon Orda.

After Nikolay Karamzin, Ludza was first mentioned as Лючин in Hypatian Codex dating back to 1173 or 1177.[2] In 1399 the Livonian Order built a stone fortress atop an older Latgalian fortress and used Ludza as an eastern outpost in Livonia. Ludza Castle ruins can be visited nowadays.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

After the dissolution of the Livonian Order in 1561, Ludza was incorporated to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and became part of Wenden Voivodeship. In January 1626, during the Polish-Swedish War, Ludza was captured without a battle by Sweden due to defeat of the forces of Polish-Lithuanian marshal Jan Stanisław Sapieha. Later it was recaptured by Polish forces.[3]

In 1678, Commonwealth's Sejm appointed a special commission in Grodno that had to build Catholic churches in Latgale. Year later, a commission visited Ludza and in 1687, a the building of the church was completed. In 1736, church was destroyed by fire.[4]

Russian Empire

After the first partition of Poland in 1772 was taken over by the Russian Empire and added to Vitebsk Governorate. Ludza received town rights in 1777 from Catherine II of Russia. During the first part of the 19th century, most of the population of Ludza were Jews (67% in 1815) and there were 7 synagogues in town.[5]

Latvia

After signing of the Latvian–Soviet Peace Treaty in 1920, Ludzas apriņķis and Ludza as its administrative centre was incorporated into the Republic of Latvia.

During the World War II, on July 1941, the Germans occupied the town and kept the Jewish prisoners in a ghetto. From July 1941 until the spring of 1942, hundreds of Jews are murdered in mass executions perpetrated by Einsatzgruppen.

After Latvia regained its independence in 1991, Ludza became the administrative centre of Ludza District. On July 1, 2009, due to the introduction of the new administrative division in Latvia it became the centre of Ludza municipality.

Tourism

Ruins of the Ludza Castle.

Ludza Museum and Ludza Tourism Information Centre offer excursions around the town. The most visited sights are:

Several lakes offer fishing and water tourism possibilities.

Education

The children of Ludza may attend three pre-school educational institutions - "Rūķītis", "Pasaciņa" and "Namiņš". Elementary and secondary education curricula are provided by Ludza Gymnasium and Ludza Secondary School #2, as well as by Ludza Evening Secondary School. Additional out of school activities are offered at:

  • Ludza Music Primary School (music school with integrated primary school)
  • Ludza Art School
  • Ludza Children and Youth Centre
  • Ludza Sport School

Demographics

As of 2011, the town had a population of 8931, of which 5175 (57.9%) were ethnic Latvians, 3259 (36.5%) were ethnic Russians, 192 (2.1%) were Belarusians, 103 (1.2%) were Ukrainians, 84 (0.9%) were Poles, 23 (0.3%) were Lithuanians, and 95 (1.1%) belonging to other ethnic groups.[6]

Notable people

Yakov Kulnev

Born in Ludza

Twinning and international cooperation

Ludza municipality has several cooperation partners abroad.

See also

References

  1. ^ "ISG020. Population number and its change by statistical region, city, town, 21 development centres and county". data.csb.gov.lv. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  2. ^ "Карамзин Н. История государства Российского: примечание 12 к III тому". rvb.ru. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  3. ^ Minčonoks, Vladislavs (1961-02-09). "Ludzas pilsētas vēsture" (17 ed.). Ludzas Taisneiba. p. 4.
  4. ^ Murāns, Francis (1939-08-14). "Ludzas vēstures pēdās" (45 ed.). Daugavas Vēstnesis. p. 5.
  5. ^ Mejers Melers. Ebreju kapsētas Latvijā. Rīga 2006. ISBN 9984-19-904-5 69. lpp.
  6. ^ "Ethnic composition of Latvia (2011)". pop-stat.mashke.org. Retrieved 2021-02-21.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ludza.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ludza&oldid=1007999301"