Hardbass

Not to be confused with "Hardbass" festival, annual unrelated hardstyle festival in the Netherlands.

Hardbass
Native name	Хардбас(с)
Other names	Pump, Nasos, Kolbasa
Stylistic origins	Pumping house Bouncy techno Hardstyle
Cultural origins	Late 1990s, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Typical instruments	Synthesizer drum machine sequencer sampler keyboard Digital audio workstation
Subgenres
Early hardbass Metal shade Sober hardbass/hardbass attacks
Regional scenes
Russia, Germany, Poland, Latvia, Czech Republic
Local scenes
Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Riga, Warsaw, Berlin

Hardbass or hard bass (Russian: хардбас(с), romanized: khardbas(s), IPA: [xɐrdˈbas]) is a subgenre of pumping house that originated in Saint Petersburg, Russia during the late 1990s, drawing inspiration from bouncy techno, hardstyle, as well as local Russian influences. Hardbass is characterized by its fast tempo (usually 150–175 BPM), donks, distinctive basslines (commonly known as "hard bounce"), distorted sounds, heavy kicks and occasional chants or rapping. In several European countries, so-called "hardbass scenes" have sprung up, which are events related to the genre that involve multiple people dancing in public while masked, sometimes with moshing involved.

History

Late 1990s – mid 2000s: Saint Petersburg, metal shade, drug raves

Hardbass first started to emerge in the late 1990s, mainly in Saint Petersburg electronic dance music underground, as pumping house genre, which was built around the bamboo bass. or donk bass, a type of metallic bass synthesizer sound, first invented by Klubbheads in 1997, became a staple in local raves. Eventually, party nights dedicated solely to pumping house, started to be held in Saint Petersburg, and in Moscow, to a lesser extent. The most famous venues for pumping raves in Saint Petersburg included those held in "Rassvet" (Dawn) club and forest raves in quarry near Mednoe Ozero, an artificial lake not far from Saint Petersburg. Among the DJs, responsible for kickstarting domestic pumping house production in Russia were DJ Tolstyak, DJ 8088, DJ Yurbanoid, DJ Solovey, Dj Glyuk, and many others.

Mednoe Ozero in 2018, the site of infamouse Mednoe Ozero forest pumping raves

This raving scene was markedly different from its later offshots. The drug use (especially barbiturate, xyrem and amphetamine use) became prevalent in the scene. To increase the energy of the parties, Saint Petersburg producers and DJs started to increase BPM of pumping house they played and produced, eventually reaching 150 BPM and beyond.

The scene formed a distinct subculture, mostly catering to lower and middle class youth of Saint Petersburg. Among different names this subculture had, there were names like byki (bulls), rave gopniks, and other terms. At the same time, Saint Petersburg producers started to include distinct whistles and other samples into their production, which would later finalize into hardbass sound as it is generally known. At the same time the characteristic lingo of hardbass formed, including designations for music itself (hardbass; kolbasa – meaning sausage, a derivative of kolbasitsya, a jargon verb meaning hard partying; pump, or pamp, a short from pumping house; and nasos, which was literal translation of the word pump into Russian language), as well as designations for terms surrounding hardbass parties, like kolbaser or kolbasyor, meaning one, who parties really hard, spidy (derivative of speed) for amphetamines, butirat for xyrem, soli (salts) for illegal drugs in general, and so on. The scene was known for its dark atmosphere, which, combined with rife drug use, resulted in popular dark satirical party chants, like I have stolen and sold everything from my flat, but in the end I was thus able to go to kolbasa.

The scene formed darked offshots, most prominently metal shade subgenre, pioneered by DJ Barabass, DJ Rentgen and others, known for dark and menacing atmosphere, robotic or low pitched monstrous voices and donk bass, mutated into sound akin to metallic rods hitting one another.

This scene wasn't much concerned with nationalism. The wave of nationalistic chants, started, according to members of Moscow Hardbass School, when DJ Zheleznye Sharniry, a local hardbass producer, started to add skinhead chants, like "1 4 8 8", into hardbass, "purely for fun", an influence from widespread Russian skinhead culture of the 2000s.

Late 2000s – early 2010s: sober hardbass, hardbass attacks and spread to Europe

In 2006, a satirical movie titled Pumping Terminator Vol. 1 appeared on YouTube, featuring on older man dancing in a manner typical for gopniks and chanting chastushkas about the clubbing lifestyle in club-goers' lingo during breaks. Soundtrack to this movie included three pumping house tracks produced by XS Project.

Hardbass koza, hand gesture that became associated with hardbass attacks and hardbass dancing

In 2010, XS Project, a group of four music producers from Saint Petersburg, released yet another satirical movie on YouTube, together with radio presenters of Gop FM station, accompanying their Bochka, Bass, Kolbasyor (Kick drum, bass and kolbasyor) track, which was released in 2003. In a movie, several artists, DJs and radio presenters, disguised as gopniks, danced in gopnik style on a Saint Petersburg children playground. The movie was intended to mock the so-called subculture of rave gopniks – young people in tracksuits who would go to rave parties in Russia not to have good time, but to get trashed and cause trouble. The mockery was in lyrics, who called for sober and healthy lifestyle, contrary to way rave gopniks lived. However, street youth in Eastern Europe liked the video and preferred to eschew the irony, and, given the rise of sober right-wing lifestyle in Russia around that time, the dancing moves showcased in the movie became basis of a long-lasting series of flash mobs akin to Harlem Shake meme of the time, when young people in verious cities of Eastern Europe were starting to dance, all of sudden, in gopnik style in the middle of public areas outside. However, as according to hardbass fans interviewed on one occasion in 2011 in Russia, hardbass flash mobs were a direct answer to spontaneous lezginka street dancing flash mobs, frequent around that time in Russia and popular among young Russian Caucasian males in industrial cities. Hardbass, as they opined, was Slavic alternative to lezginka. The public places where hardbass flash mobs (or hardbass ataki, meaning hardbass attacks, according to participants) were held included university lecture halls, malls, public transport, and more. Other frequent attirbutes of these flash mobs included Adidas tracksuits, balaclavas and smoke flares. The dance moves for hardbass dancing mostly included disorganized feet stomping, jumping and specific hand gestures, with hand clenched in fist with thumb and pinky fingers protruding. This gesture became known as hardbass koza (hardbass goat, meaning hardbass sign of the horns) in Russian. At first, the flash mob spread mainly only in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, but eventually dancers from other Eastern European nations, such as Lithuania, Czechia, Poland, Slovakia, Serbia, among others, joined in.

Some commentators in Slavic countries of the European Union at first considered these flash mobs to be serious manifestation of the right-wing propaganda, especially given the lyrics in the song, saying "We bring hardbass to your home, 1 4 8 8", with "1 4 8 8" being a neo-Nazi lingo for "Fourteen words" and Hitler salute. However, experts quickly grasped that the usage was ironic, and that the hardbass crowds consisted mostly of football hooligans and bored teenagers, rather than of actual neo-Nazis. Neo-Nazis around that times also dismissed the connection to hardbass, blaming it on left-wing and anarchist circles instead. However, commentators still identified some right-wing sympatizers in the hardbass attacks, but, according to Miroslav Mares, an expert in far-right extremism from Brno Masaryk University, the influence of hardbass attacks on public opinion was negligible.

Next wave of hardbass exposure to the world began when the Narkotik KAL (Drug is BAD) music video became viral on YouTube in 2011. The context for this video was protest, albeit satirical, against illegal substance use and abuse in Russia, and especially against so called "krokodil", which became more widespread after Perestroika.

Internet culture

From the mid-2010s, hardbass frequently features as an Internet meme, accompanying gopniks, squatting, alcoholic habits and poverty as the central stereotypes of the Russian and Slavic lifestyle. The memes gained international fame after the premiere of the video "Cheeki Breeki Hardbass Anthem", based on the first-person shooter S.T.A.L.K.E.R. game series, as well as the "Slavic Train" meme which depicts an ER2 train bouncing up and down on rough railway tracks, while passengers are seen dancing to hardbass inside.

Notable artists

Artist	Country	Albums and songs
apartje. (deceased)	Germany	"Cheeki Breeki Hardbass Anthem", "Cheeki Breeki Hardbass 2" (released by Life of Boris)
Gopnik McBlyat	Poland	"Snakes in Tracksuits", "Murka", "Szpion (Shpion) Detector", "Cheeki Breeki Revolt", "Monolith" (ft. uamee)
XD Project	Poland	"Hardbass Wadowice" (album)
Bombass Records	Poland	"Będzie jazda"
uamee	Latvia	"Gopnitsa" (ft. HBKN), "High Quality Nahui", "IL-76", "Protivogaz", "Kopeika", "THE SAUSAGE", "LADA" (ft. Life of Boris and Professional Gopnik)
Hard Bass School	Russia	"Narkotik Kal", "Sex, Kvass, Hardbass", "Opa Blia", "Nash Gimn (Hard Bass Adidas)", "Narkoman", "The Album", "SLAV"
XS Project	Russia	"Bochka, Bass, Kolbaser", "Колотушки", "Ya taschus ot kolotushek", "Vodovorot", "NarkoBarony", "Red Roubles" (ft. Life of Boris), "Meanwhile in Russia (Take me to Russia)”
Бетоnщики	Russia	"Бетон как Бетон", "Долбили или нет!"
длб / dlb	Russia	"welcome to russia", "partizan", "село"
Davay	Estonia	"Tri Poloski", "Critikal"
DJ Rentgen	Russia
DJ Snat	Russia	"Choose Your Power"
DJ Bar@bass	Russia
DB Project	United Kingdom	"Kalashikov (Калашников)"
Alan Aztec	Germany	"Papa Hardbassov", "Mother Russia", "Polska" (ft. Frequ & Ninka), "Deutschland" (ft. Malte & Diette), "Disco Panzer" (ft. R5on11c), "Bass Bomber" (ft. R5on11c), "This Is Russia" (ft. Karate), "Gopnik in the USA" (with HBKN), "Tazmania" (ft. EGE)
Wod-c	United Kingdom	"Bass Of A Zombie II"
Dertexx	Russia
HBKN	Russia
Sonic Mine	Russia	"Hardbass Attack", "Scream for DJ", "Пика – патимэйкер (Sonic Mine ПАМП Remix)", "Puta Bass", "Hot Times"
DJ Yurbanoid	Russia
Russian Village Boys	Russia	"Instababe" (with DJ Blyatman), "Adidas" (with Mr. Polska), "Cyka" (with Cosmo & Skoro), "Romantic & Jackass"
Kolbaser Project	Russia	"Energy"
N-ICE Project	Russia	"Freakin"
Жестянщики (Zhestyanshiki/ZHTK/Hardboss)	Russia	"Arabian Dance", "Давай сука давай"
.ılııllı.Р Э Д Л А Й Н.ıllıılı. (Missing)	Taiwan	"Anomaly – Twitch Highlights 6 (remix)" "The Juiciest Tuffin vs Savant – Mother Russia Hardbass (mashup)" "DОИКАИ's miasteczko"
DJ Cheba	Russia
Спиди-кончик	Russia	"Catbass"
DJ Mike	Russia	"Black Jack", "Speedway"
Gotxo & Gatxi	France
Euskal Bass	France	"Hard Bass Crew Anthem (Original Mix)"
Tonn Hardbass	France	"Euskal Bass (Original Gangsta mix)"
Gari Seleckt	Spain
DJ DBC	Spain	"Repeat"
Paul HB	Spain
STARSLAV	Sweden	"OPA"
Benislav	Sweden	"OPA BRATAN"
Chernoblin	Finland
DJ Pump	Finland
DJ Blyatman	Slovakia	"Gopnik", "Chernobyl", "Tsar Bomb", "Slav King" & "Generation Hardbass" (ft. Life of Boris), "EZ KATKA" "MADE IN RUSSIA" "OKTOBERFEST" "Cyka Blyat" "Cold Rain" (with Russian Village Boys), "Kamaz" (with длб), "OUR SOUND" (with DJ Pelix, ft. xeK), "How We Party" "Eins Zwei Dawai" (with XS Project)
Srpski Bass	Serbia
DJ TOTZI	Bulgaria	"European Pumper (Feat Mesney6)"
Собояжи	Russia	"Мни жестянку", "Трубы, речка и лаве", "На собаке и на кошке", "Банка яжки", "Семь процентов", "Дом кирпичный", "Я тебя забрал", "Бит и басс"
Life of Boris	Estonia	"Generation Hardbass" "SLAV KING" (with DJ Blyatman)
XS-Alex	Belgium
Krankšvester	Croatia	"Slava"
MP5	Czech Republic
Hard Bass Club	Czech Republic	"Ushanka"
MELEONE	Germany	"Pop cat", "VACCINE", "RADIOACTIVE STRIPES"
OBSIDIAN Project	Unknown	"Pulser"
Kekarov	Unknown	"The Zone", "Kalashnikov"