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Coordinates: 43°33′0″S 172°44′51″E / 43.55000°S 172.74750°E / -43.55000; 172.74750
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{{Use New Zealand English|date=June 2024}}
{{short description|Suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand}}
{{short description|Suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}

Revision as of 12:12, 6 June 2024

Southshore
Suburb
Southshore and South New Brighton
Southshore and South New Brighton
Map
Coordinates: 43°33′0″S 172°44′51″E / 43.55000°S 172.74750°E / -43.55000; 172.74750
CountryNew Zealand
CityChristchurch
Local authorityChristchurch City Council
Electoral wardCoastal
Community boardWaitai Coastal-Burwood-Linwood
Area
[1]
 • Land124 ha (306 acres)
Population
 (2018 Census)[2]
 • Total1,041
South New Brighton
(Avon Heathcote Estuary)
Southshore
 (Pegasus Bay)
Sumner

Southshore (Māori: Te Kōrero Karoro) is an eastern coastal suburb within Christchurch, New Zealand. It is sited on a narrow 2.5 km (1.6 mi) long sandspit that runs along the eastern side of the Estuary of the Heathcote and Avon Rivers / Ihutai and is 8 km (5.0 mi) eastwards from the city centre. The area occupying the modern-day suburb had Māori presence, which is supported by pre-European artefacts discovered in the area. The spit is rich with bird life and wildlife and considered an important food-gathering place by Ngāi Tūāhuriri, a Ngāi Tahu hapū. The coastal sand dunes were historically an important thoroughfare route for the Māori.

In its early years, the suburb had very few permanent residents due to the absence of facilities and insufficient transportation; it was urbanised after World War II. Although it was informally called Southshore for some years the name became formally recognised in 1955. The area was damaged in the 2011 Christchurch earthquake and 198 properties were red zoned. Residents are generally of low socio-economic status. Southshore maybe prone to coastal related hazards such as tsunamis, floods, and sea level rise.

Toponymy

The Māori name for the suburb is Te Kōrero Karoro, meaning "the chattering of the seagulls" which can alternatively refer to as "the meeting place of the seagulls".[3] The sandspit was sometimes referred to as Te Ihutai, literally meaning "the nose of the tides".[4]

Prior to the 20th century the area was known locally to early European settlers as "Sandhills Run", however, this name is no longer in common usage.[5] This Māori name was advocated by the Canterbury Museum, however many locals disliked this proposal because they thought it was "too long" and Māori names were generally unpopular.[6]

The name Southshore was officially adopted in 1955.[7] The name "Southend" was previously suggested by the Christchurch City Council, however many residents disliked this propsal. "Southend" lacked in appeal to many residents, many locals for over a decade had known the area as "Southshore", which was also the name of an early residential subdivision in the suburb.[8][9]

History

Māori settlement

The Māori were the first settlers on the spit, known as Te Kōrero Karoro. Southshore is considered an important food-gathering place by local Māori. The area was (and still is) home to a wide range of birds and plants. There were many whare around the estuary, which were mainly built from out of local raupō and other native trees.[10] Southshore holds historical and cultural importance to local Māori due to large amounts of pipi and flounder gathered in the area.[11][12]

In the eighteenth century, Māori predominantly grew aruhe and kūmara in the sandy soil around the area (particularly at the mouth of the Avon River).[13] Early European settlers discovered Māori fishing equipment, eel traps and hāngī pits, which were used by the Māori to primarily cook seafood. In Southshore's early years, it was believed a local jogger discovered a wharenui totem in the sand dunes near Tern Street, but others dispute this, as there is no documentation. Later, a human skull was discovered which was dated to Māori occupation of the area.[10][14]

The suburb holds cultural significance for Ngāi Tūāhuriri, who are the kaitiaki (caretakers) of the area, and have special food-gathering rights in the estuary and the area.[15][16] There was a walking track from the fortified settlement of Kaiapoi Pā towards South New Brighton, and onwards further to the area now known as Southshore and beyond across the Avon Heathcote Estuary to the Banks Peninsula.[17][18] There was also a sand dune walking track called Pohoareare, between the Ōpāwaho outpost settlement to New Brighton and onwards to Te Kōrero Karoro.[a]

European settlement

Aerial view of Southshore

Prior to the 20th century the area was known locally to early European settlers as "Sandhills Run". As more settlers arrived, they constructed baches and established a dairy station in the suburb.[5][20] In 1916, most of the suburb was subdivided into residential sections. There was sparse transportation and lack of facilities in the area in the early twentieth century and Southshore had very few permanent residents.[21]

"The Spit" was used as a gun range for volunteers to practise during World War I.[22] Development in the suburb was slow with residents not receiving a water supply until 1922.[23] In 1953, Southshore residents received electricity.[24] Southshore grew rapidly and was heavily urbanised after World War II. Southshore later received a sewerage system in 1967, channelling and kerbs were installed to the suburbs main road, Rocking Horse Road, which often flooded.[25]

There is large public reserve at the southern end of the suburb, which is the location of most of the suburb's recreational activities.[26] Southshore has no primary or secondary schools, the nearest primary school is South New Brighton School (established in 1922), 3.2 km (2.0 mi) to the north.[27]

Geography

The Estuary of the Heathcote and Avon Rivers / Ihutai was formed approximately between 1000 and 2000 years ago by longshore drift.[28] Sand from the mouth of the Waimakariri River was carried southward the east coast of the South Island, and built up along the coastline of modern-day Christchurch, progressively forming what is known as the "Southshore Spit".[29] The Spit is a 2.5 km (1.6 mi) long sandspit with a minimum width of about 300 m (980 ft) at the suburbs boundary with South New Brighton (Caspian Street) and a maximum width of 500 m (1,600 ft) at its southern end.[30]

Southshore Spit Reserve

The suburb is sited on a narrow sandspit which is situated between the Pacific Ocean and the Avon Heathcote Estuary. To the north of Southshore is South New Brighton, to the south of the suburb across the estuary lies the suburb of Sumner and Rapanui Rock, known locally as "Shag Rock". The "Sumner Bar" forms a natural barrier between the suburbs.[31] Southshore is a largely residential suburb.[32]

Since 1939, the suburb's main and only entrance has been Rocking Horse Road. The name originates reportedly from Peter Skellerup, a former deputy mayor of the city, who drove the road in its early years, describing it to his son as "travelling on a rocking horse" before it was metalled and levelled.[24][33] Caspian Street provides a clear boundary between the suburbs of South New Brighton and Southshore.[34]

The western side of the "Southshore Spit" commands views of the estuary, as well as some of the other eastern suburbs of Christchurch, and parts of Hillsborough spur. Other suburbs nearby include, Redcliffs, Mount Pleasant, and Ferrymead.[35] Southshore is approximately 8 km (5.0 mi) from the Central Business District (CBD), and 5 km (3.1 mi) from New Brighton's main retail area.[36][37]

Governance

Southshore is part of the Coastal Ward for Christchurch City Council local body elections. The currently elected councillor is Celeste Donovan.[38] Nationally, Southshore is part of the Christchurch East parliamentary electorate. The currently elected member of parliament is Reuben Davidson of the Labour Party.[39] Historically, Christchurch East has supported the Labour Party in general elections and is considered one of Labour's safest seats.[40] The Christchurch City Council currently administers Southshore.

Demographics

Southshore is part of the South New Brighton SA2 statistical area.[41]

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20061,395—    
20131,137−2.88%
20181,041−1.75%
Source: [2]

Southshore, comprising the SA1 statistical areas of 7026559–560 and 7026572–575, covers 1.24 km2 (0.48 sq mi).[1] It had a population of 1,041 at the 2018 New Zealand census, a decrease of 96 people (−8.4%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 354 people (−25.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 417 households, comprising 519 males and 525 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.99 males per female, with 198 people (19.0%) aged under 15 years, 162 (15.6%) aged 15 to 29, 498 (47.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 183 (17.6%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 94.2% European/Pākehā, 12.1% Māori, 3.2% Pasifika, 2.6% Asian, and 3.2% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 59.7% had no religion, 28.8% were Christian, 0.3% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.3% were Hindu, 0.6% were Muslim, 0.9% were Buddhist and 2.3% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 195 (23.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 117 (13.9%) people had no formal qualifications. 159 people (18.9%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 408 (48.4%) people were employed full-time, 162 (19.2%) were part-time, and 30 (3.6%) were unemployed.[2]

In its early years, Southsore was a popular suburb of Christchurch. In recent years after the earthquakes, there has been descending change of population and popularity of the suburb,[42] residents are generally of low socio-economic status.[43]

Canterbury earthquakes

Southshore was hit hard by the 4 September 2010 Canterbury and 22 February 2011 Christchurch earthquakes. Damage was caused to houses and land. Southshore was initially put into the orange zone before the beach side was zoned green on 29 October 2011.[44] The estuary side remains in the orange zone awaiting land announcements to decide if it is financially worth repairing and rebuilding on that land due to the extensive damage caused by the two main shakes and also the ongoing aftershocks.[44]

In August 2011, residents were informed that they could expect a land zoning decision within six weeks. Later that month, it was announced that the decision would be released in September. In mid September, the decision was delayed due to "unexpected complexity". On 12 October, Gerry Brownlee as Earthquake Recovery Minister apologised for the delay and asked for another two weeks of patience. The 29 October 2011 decision split Southshore into two zones. In November, Brooklands was zoned red, but the decision for Southshore was further delayed. In mid December, Brownlee wrote to residents, stating that a decision would be made "prior to Christmas".[44] On 23 March 2012, land zoning decisions were made for the remaining areas of Linwood, Richmond and the Avon Loop within the Central City, while Brownlee wrote to the 401 Southshore home owners stating that they should have a decision during April.[45] By the end of April, Roger Sutton as Chief Executive of the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority issued an apology to residents for further delays.[44] The decision was released on 18 May 2012, with 198 of the properties zoned red and the remaining 203 properties allowed to be lived in.[46]

Coastal hazards

Since Southshore and its neighbouring suburb South New Brighton are coastal suburbs, complex sea-level rise scenarios, flooding and erosion risks have affected the community of Southshore and South New Brighton and are seeking solutions.[47] Christchurch City Council's rejected a request to restore collapsed walls along the red-zoned estuary edge, and since have proposed a cobble beach along the eastern edge of the estuary. There has numerous challenge encroached in proposing a plan like this such as archeological sites and coastal bird populations.[48][49]

Southshore is also prone to other sea-related hazards such as tsunamis and storms.[50] This, combined with the ongoing flood-risk in the suburb led to the suburb being less popularised in recent years with other home buyers appealing to further inland suburbs such as Shirley and Burwood.[51]

Transportation

Historically, Southshore was an important travel route for the Māori. They used the suburb as thoroughfare south alongside coastal sand dunes.[11] There was a proposal in 1912 to construct a bridge from Southshore across the estuary to Sumner, however, some local organisations were against this proposal and a local farmer called "Moore" who grazed livestock on the southern end of the spit was also against this, which led to the decision for the bridge not to be built.[52] Similarly, another proposal in 2014 to install a "chain ferry link" across the estuary, but this idea was never finalised.[53]

In 1952, the suburb was linked by several bus routes to its neighbouring suburbs and the central city.[54] In 1981, residents saw the opening of the South Brighton Bridge, which saved residents time, a more convenient route.[55] Today, Southshore's public transportation is served by the frequent Hillmorton—Southshore (route 60) bus service operated under the Metro brand. It serves the suburb to its neighbouring suburbs and the final destination of the route being the suburb of Wigram (not Hillmorton) on the opposite edge of the city.[56][57]

Notable people

Noted people with Southshore connections include many members of the original residents in the suburb, several of whom were long-term residents.[58]

References

Notes

  1. ^ Te Kōrero Karoro, refers to the entirety of Southshore and the southern edge of South New Brighton.[19][11]

Citations

  1. ^ a b "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. 7026559–560 and 7026572–575.
  3. ^ Taylor 1952, p. 46.
  4. ^ Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 13.
  5. ^ a b Penney 1982, p. 191–192.
  6. ^ Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 55–56.
  7. ^ "Christchurch Place Names: N-Z : South New Brighton" (PDF). Christchurch City Libraries. February 2016. p. 81. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  8. ^ Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 55.
  9. ^ "South Brighton Sandspit". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 5 June 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  10. ^ a b Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 11. 13. 19.
  11. ^ a b c Moore Davis 2015, p. 6.
  12. ^ Brailsford, Barry (1981). The Tattooed Land The Southern Frontiers of the Pa Maori. The Eltham Borough Council. p. 182. ISBN 0958350221.
  13. ^ Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 15. 19.
  14. ^ Andersen 1927, p. 46. 99.
  15. ^ Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 7. 19.
  16. ^ "South New Brighton Reserves Management Plan" (PDF). Christchurch City Council. 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  17. ^ Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 14–19.
  18. ^ Beattie 1945, p. 100.
  19. ^ Harris, As it was: early Maori and European settlement, p. 15 cited in Owen, (1992)
  20. ^ Biggs, Leslie Ronald. The formation, control, and utilisation of the coastal sand dunes between the Waimakariri River and the Sumner estuary (Master of Arts thesis). University of Canterbury. p. 26. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  21. ^ Penney 1982, p. 192–197.
  22. ^ Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 44.
  23. ^ Hillier 2006, p. 46.
  24. ^ a b Penney 1982, p. 194.
  25. ^ Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 50–107.
  26. ^ Greenaway, R. (2007). Avon-Heathcote Estuary recreation survey 2006–2007. Christchurch, New Zealand: Rob Greenaway and Associates. p. 12.
  27. ^ "Distance between Southshore and South New Brighton School, Canterbury, (New Zealand)". Distance Calculator via GlobeFeed.com. 2023. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  28. ^ Macpherson, J. M. Environmental geology of the Avon-Heathcote Estuary (Doctor of Philosophy thesis). Christchurch, New Zealand: University of Canterbury. p. 11. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
  29. ^ Harris, A sense of place and time, p.5 cited in Owen, (1992)
  30. ^ Comfort, J.A. Lessons From The Past – A History of Coastal Hazards at South Brighton Spit, Christchurch (PDF) (Master of Arts with Honours in Geography thesis). University of Canterbury. p. 35–36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  31. ^ Cloke et al. 2023, p. 41–42.
  32. ^ VC Browne NZ Aerial Photograph Collection, 1320–1345
  33. ^ Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 56–57.
  34. ^ Comfort, J.A. Lessons From The Past – A History of Coastal Hazards at South Brighton Spit, Christchurch (PDF) (Master of Arts with Honours in Geography thesis). University of Canterbury. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  35. ^ "Place name detail: Southshore". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  36. ^ "Distance between Southshore and New Brighton (Canterbury, New Zealand)". Distance Calculator via GlobeFeed.com. 2023. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  37. ^ "Community profile – November 2014 New Brighton—Southshore" (PDF). Christchurch City Council. 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 February 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  38. ^ Barcley, Chris (28 January 2022). "Coastal ties go back to childhood for Celeste Donovan". Otago Daily Times. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  39. ^ Morton, Nathan (16 October 2023). "Election 2023 results: The South Island's new elected leaders following blue tidal wave". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  40. ^ Law, Tina (13 March 2023). "Labour stalwart wins selection to contest Christchurch East". Stuff. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  41. ^ 2018 Census place summary: South New Brighton
  42. ^ Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 58.
  43. ^ Cloke et al. 2023, p. 41.
  44. ^ a b c d Greenhill 2012.
  45. ^ Mann, Charley; Nicole Mathewson (23 March 2012). "New riverside red zone". The Press. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
  46. ^ Young, Rachel (18 May 2012). "Southshore decision 'devastating'". The Press. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  47. ^ Church, Logan (12 November 2020). "$12.5m to fight erosion and flooding in Southshore and South New Brighton". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  48. ^ Law, Tina (26 January 2024). "'Milestone' reached in long-awaited estuary edge development". The Press. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  49. ^ "How can Southshore live with the sea?". Radio New Zealand. 7 August 2017. Archived from the original on 30 June 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  50. ^ Robson, Seth, "Danger alert for trendy suburbs", The Press, 9 November 1998
  51. ^ Joanna, Norris (1 March 2005). "Risk of tsunami no deterrent to house buyers". The Press. Christchurch, New Zealand. p. 5. ISSN 0113-9762 – via ProQuest.
  52. ^ "The Estuary bridge which is still awaited" The Press, 10 April 1976, p. 11
  53. ^ Killick, David (26 November 2014). "Coastal pathway will enhance city lifestyle". Stuff. Archived from the original on 6 October 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  54. ^ Penney 1982, p. 199.
  55. ^ Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 55. 80.
  56. ^ Harvie, Will (16 February 2023). "'Search and rescue mission' for 5000 trees planted by Christchurch volunteers". Stuff. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  57. ^ "Hillmorton / Southshore, Metro". Metro Info. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  58. ^ Rowlands, Moore & Osborn 2006, p. 129–141.
  59. ^ Dally, Jollie. "Veteran spends last Anzac Day with memories". The Press. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  60. ^ Lewis, Oliver (28 April 2018). "Life story: Speedway rider Ivan Mauger remembered as the greatest of all time". Stuff. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  61. ^ McCrone, John (8 February 2014). "Sir Tipene O'Regan: Man of mana". The Press. Archived from the original on 28 December 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2024.

Works cited

  • Rowlands, Don; Moore, Peter; Osborn, Lee (2006). Sand Dunes to Suburb. Christchurch, New Zealand: Southshore Residents' Association History Group.
  • Penney, Sarah E. W. (1982). The Estuary of Christchurch. Christchurch, New Zealand: Penney Ash Publications.
  • Hillier, L. (2006). Early European life 1776–1946. Christchurch, New Zealand.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Andersen, J.C (1927). Place-names of Banks Peninsula: a topographical history. Christchurch, New Zealand. ISBN 9781877151774.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Taylor, W.A (1952). Lore and history of the South Island Maori. Christchurch, New Zealand. ISBN 9781869643799.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Greenhill, Marc (2 May 2012). "Delays cold and callous, say angry orange-zone residents". The Press. p. 1.
  • Beattie, J.H. (1945). Māori place-names of Canterbury : including one thousand hitherto unpublished names collected from Māori sources. Dunedin, New Zealand: Otago Daily Times.
  • Owen, S.J. (1992). The Estuary Where Our Rivers Meet the Sea Christchurch's Avon-Heathcote Estuary and Brooklands Lagoon. Christchurch, New Zealand: Christchurch City Council. ISBN 9780473015954.
  • Cloke, Paul; Conradson, David; Pawson, Eric; Perkins, Harvey C. (2023). The Post-Earthquake City: Disaster and Recovery in Christchurch, New Zealand. London, United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. doi:10.4324/9780429275562. ISBN 9781000839401.
  • Moore Davis, Kyle (10 December 2015). "Brief of evidence of Kyle Moore Davis for Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu and Ngā Rūnanga" (PDF). Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 3 June 2024.

External links

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