Nokia: Difference between revisions
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The corporation also produces [[telecommunication]]s network equipment for applications such as mobile and fixed-line voice [[telephony]], [[Integrated Services Digital Network|ISDN]], [[broadband]] access, [[voice over IP]], and [[wireless LAN]]. |
The corporation also produces [[telecommunication]]s network equipment for applications such as mobile and fixed-line voice [[telephony]], [[Integrated Services Digital Network|ISDN]], [[broadband]] access, [[voice over IP]], and [[wireless LAN]]. |
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Nokia's [[headquarters]] are in [[Espoo]], a neighbouring city of [[Finland]]'s capital [[Helsinki]], but it has [[Research and development|R&D]], manufacturing, and sales representation sites in many continents throughout the world. ''Nokia Research Center'', the corporation's industrial research laboratories, has sites in [[Helsinki]]; [[Tampere]]; [[Toijala]]; [[Tokyo]]; [[Beijing]]; [[Budapest]]; [[Bochum]]; [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]], [[California]]; and [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]]. Major production factories are located at [[Salo, Finland]]; [[Dongguan]], [[China]]; [[Chennai]], [[India]]; [[Komárom]], [[Hungary]]; and the [[Ruhr_region|Ruhr]] region at [[Germany]]. In March 2007 Nokia signed a memorandum with [[Cluj-Napoca]] City Council, [[Romania]] to open a new plant near the city<ref>[http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2007/03/22/nokia_to_open_cell_phone_plant_near_cluj/ Boston.com]</ref> |
Nokia's [[headquarters]] are in [[Espoo]], a neighbouring city of [[Finland]]'s capital [[Helsinki]], but it has [[Research and development|R&D]], manufacturing, and sales representation sites in many continents throughout the world. ''Nokia Research Center'', the corporation's industrial research laboratories, has sites in [[Helsinki]]; [[Tampere]]; [[Toijala]]; [[Tokyo]]; [[Beijing]]; [[Budapest]]; [[Bochum]]; [[Palo Alto, California|Palo Alto]], [[California]]; and [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]], [[Massachusetts]]. Major production factories are located at [[Salo, Finland]];[[Beijing]],[[China]]; [[Dongguan]], [[China]]; [[Chennai]], [[India]]; [[Komárom]], [[Hungary]]; and the [[Ruhr_region|Ruhr]] region at [[Germany]]. In March 2007 Nokia signed a memorandum with [[Cluj-Napoca]] City Council, [[Romania]] to open a new plant near the city<ref>[http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2007/03/22/nokia_to_open_cell_phone_plant_near_cluj/ Boston.com]</ref> |
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<ref>[http://news.softpedia.com/news/Nokia-Choses-Cluj-For-Mobile-Phone-Factory-50070.shtml Softpedia]</ref> <ref>[http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Nokia+to+build+mobile+phone+plant+in+Romania/1135226144930 HELSINGIN SANOMAT]</ref> in [[Jucu]] commune. Nokia Design Departure has stayed at Salo. |
<ref>[http://news.softpedia.com/news/Nokia-Choses-Cluj-For-Mobile-Phone-Factory-50070.shtml Softpedia]</ref> <ref>[http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Nokia+to+build+mobile+phone+plant+in+Romania/1135226144930 HELSINGIN SANOMAT]</ref> in [[Jucu]] commune. Nokia Design Departure has stayed at Salo. |
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Revision as of 06:08, 20 July 2007
| File:Nokia Logo.svg | |
| Company type | Public – Oyj (OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB: NOA3) |
|---|---|
| Industry | Telecommunications |
| Predecessor | Suomen Kaapelitehdas |
| Founded |  Nokia, Finland (1865) |
| Headquarters | , |
Key people | Fredrik Idestam, Founder in 1865 Kari Kairamo, CEO in the 1980s Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo, President & CEO Jorma Ollila, Chairman |
| Products | Mobile phones Multimedia computers Mobile gaming devices Enterprise Architecture Networks Wireless systems Wireless data devices Wireless voice devices Wireless switching equipment |
| Revenue |  €41.121 billion (2006)[1] |
| −1,100,000,000 Euro (2016) | |
| €5.488 billion (2006) | |
| Total assets | 39,517,000,000 Euro (2018) |
Number of employees | 68,321 as of March 31, 2007[2] |
| Website | www.nokia.com |
Nokia Corporation (OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB: NOA3) is currently the world's largest manufacturer of mobile telephones, with a global device market share of approximately 36% in Q1 of 2007.[2] It produces mobile phones for every major market and protocol, including GSM, CDMA, and W-CDMA (UMTS).
The corporation also produces telecommunications network equipment for applications such as mobile and fixed-line voice telephony, ISDN, broadband access, voice over IP, and wireless LAN.
Nokia's headquarters are in Espoo, a neighbouring city of Finland's capital Helsinki, but it has R&D, manufacturing, and sales representation sites in many continents throughout the world. Nokia Research Center, the corporation's industrial research laboratories, has sites in Helsinki; Tampere; Toijala; Tokyo; Beijing; Budapest; Bochum; Palo Alto, California; and Cambridge, Massachusetts. Major production factories are located at Salo, Finland;Beijing,China; Dongguan, China; Chennai, India; Komárom, Hungary; and the Ruhr region at Germany. In March 2007 Nokia signed a memorandum with Cluj-Napoca City Council, Romania to open a new plant near the city[3] [4] [5] in Jucu commune. Nokia Design Departure has stayed at Salo.
Nokia is by far the largest Finnish company, accounting for about half of the market capitalization of the Helsinki Stock Exchange (OMX Helsinki); a unique situation for an industrialized country. It also plays a very large role in the economy of Finland, and Finns have ranked it many times as the best Finnish brand and employer.
Nokia was listed as the 20th most admirable company worldwide in Fortune's list of 2006 (1st in network communications, 4th non-US company),[6] and is the world's 119th largest company in Fortune Global 500 list of 2007, up from 131 of the previous year.[7]
History
Pre-telecommunications era
What is known today as Nokia (pronounced /nok-iɑ/ in IPA) was established in 1865 as a pulp mill by Knut Fredrik Idestam on the banks of Nokia rapids. The name of the town of Nokia originated from the river which flowed through the town. The river itself, Nokianvirta, was named after the old Finnish word originally meaning sable, later pine marten.
Finnish Rubber Works established its factories in the beginning of 20th century nearby and began using Nokia as its brand. Shortly after World War I Finnish Rubber Works acquired Nokia Wood Mills as well as Finnish Cable Works, a producer of telephone and telegraph cables. All these three companies were merged into the Nokia Corporation in 1967.
The Nokia Corporation that was created in the 1967 fusion was involved in many sectors, producing at one time or another paper products, bicycle and car tyres, footwear (including Wellington boots), personal computers, communications cables, televisions, electricity production, capacitors, aluminium, etc.
Telecommunications era
The seeds of the current incarnation of Nokia were planted with the founding of the electronics section of the cable division in the 1960s. In the 1967 fusion, that section was separated into its own division, and began manufacturing telecommunications equipment.
Since 1964 had developed VHF-radio simultaneously with Salora Oy, which later in 1971 also developed the ARP-phone. In 1979 the merger of these two companies resulted in the establishment of Mobira Oy and three years later it launched the NMT phone. Nokia bought Salora Oy in 1984 and now owning 100% of the company, changed the company's name to Nokia-Mobira Oy. In 1988 Jorma Nieminen and others started a spin-off company; Benefon Oy. One year later, Nokia Mobira Oy became Nokia Mobile Phones and in 1991 the first GSM phone was launched.
In the 1970s, Nokia became more involved in the telecommunications industry by developing the Nokia DX200, a digital switch for telephone exchanges. In 1982, a DX200 switch became the world's first digital telephone switch to be put into operational use. The DX200 became the workhorse of the network equipment division. Its modular and flexible architecture enabled it to be developed into various switching products.
For a while in the 1970s, Nokia's network equipment production was separated into Telefenno, a company jointly owned by the parent corporation and by a company owned by the Finnish state. In 1987 the state sold its shares to Nokia and in 1992 the name was changed to Nokia Telecommunications.
In the 1980s, Nokia produced a series of personal computers called MikroMikko.[8] However, the PC division was sold to ICL, which later became part of Fujitsu. That company later transferred its personal computer operations to Fujitsu Siemens Computers, which shut down its only factory in Finland (in the town of Espoo, where computers had been produced since the 1960s) at the end of March 2000[9], thus ending large-scale PC manufacturing in the country.
First mobile phones
Nokia had been producing commercial and military mobile radio communications technology since the 1960s and later began developing mobile phones for the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) network standard that went online in the 1980s.
Nokia introduced its first car phone, the Mobira Senator, in 1982 and the world's first hand-held NMT mobile phone, the Mobira Cityman, in 1987. NMT was the world's first mobile telephony standard that enabled international roaming, and provided valuable experience for Nokia for its close participation in developing Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). It is a digital standard which came to dominate the world of mobile telephony in the 1980s and 1990s, in mid-2006 accounting for about two billion mobile telephone subscribers in the world, or about 80% percent of the total, in more than 200 countries. The world's first commercial GSM call was made in 1991 in Helsinki over a Nokia-supplied network, by Prime Minister of Finland Harri Holkeri, using a Nokia phone.
In the 1980s, during the era of its CEO Kari Kairamo, Nokia expanded into new fields, mostly by acquisitions. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the corporation ran into serious financial problems, a major reason being its heavily loss-making television division. (These problems probably contributed to Kairamo taking his own life in 1988.) Nokia responded by streamlining its telecommunications divisions, and by divesting itself of the television and PC divisions. Jorma Ollila, who became the CEO in 1992, made a strategic decision to concentrate solely on telecommunications. Thus, during the rest of the 1990s, Nokia continued to divest itself of all of its non-telecommunications divisions.
The exploding worldwide popularity of mobile telephones, beyond even Nokia's most optimistic predictions, caused a logistics crisis in the mid-1990s. This prompted Nokia to overhaul its entire logistics operation. Logistics continues to be one of Nokia's major advantages over its rivals, along with greater economies of scale.
In the new millennium
In 2004, the troubles of the networks equipment division caused the corporation to resort to similar streamlining practices on that side, with layoffs and organizational restructuring. This, however, diminished Nokia's public image in Finland, and produced a number of court cases along with an episode of a documentary television show critical towards Nokia.[10]
Despite these occasional crises, Nokia has been phenomenally successful in its chosen field. This growth has come mostly during the era of Jorma Ollila and his team of about half a dozen close colleagues. In June 2006, this era came to an end with Ollila leaving the CEO position to become the chairman of Shell. The new CEO of Nokia is Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo.
On February 2006 Nokia and Sanyo announced a MOU to create a joint venture addressing the CDMA handset business. A few months later, in June, both companies announced ending their negotiations without agreement. Nokia also stated their decision to pull out of CDMA R&D, with the intention to continue CDMA business in selected markets.[11]
On February 10, 2006, Nokia acquired Intellisync Corporation, a provider of data and PIM synchronization software.
On June 19, 2006, Nokia and Siemens AG announced the companies are to merge their mobile and fixed-line phone network equipment businesses to create one of the world's largest network firms. Both companies will have a 50% stake in the infrastructure company, to be headquartered in the Helsinki area, and to be called Nokia Siemens Networks. The companies predict annual sales of €16 billion and cost savings of €1.5 billion a year by 2010. About 20,000 Nokia employees will be transferred to this new company.
In May 2007 Nokia announced its Nokia 1100, with over 200 million units shipped, is the best-selling mobile phone of all time and the world's top-selling consumer electronics product.[12]
Product divisions
Nokia comprises four business groups: Mobile Phones, Multimedia, Enterprise Solutions and Networks, plus various horizontal entities such as Customer and Market Operations, and Technology Platforms.
On June 20, 2007, Nokia announced that it would reorganize into three business units, effective January 1, 2008:
Devices: This division combines its existing mainline mobile phones division with the separate subdivisions manufacturing Multimedia (N-Series) and Enterprise (E-Series) class devies, headed by Kai Öistämö
Services and Software: This combines the existing Technology Platforms division with other services monetized independently, headed by Niklas Savander
Markets: The successor organization to Nokia's Customer and Market Operations division, represents the sales, marketing, integration and strategy functions of the company, led by Anssi Vanjoki.
Mobile Phones
Nokia's Mobile Phones division provides the general public with mobile voice and data products across a wide range of mobile devices. The division aims to target primarily high-volume category sales of mobile phones and devices, with consumers being the most important customer segment. The devices are based on GSM/EDGE, 3G/WCDMA and CDMA cellular technologies.
Nokia believes that design, brand, ease of use and price are mainstream mobile phones' most important considerations to customers. Nokia's product portfolio includes camera phones with features such as megapixel cameras and MP3 players which appeal to the mass market.
In the first quarter of 2006 Nokia sold over 15 million MP3 capable mobile phones, which means that Nokia is not only the world's leading supplier of mobile phones and digital cameras (as most of Nokia's mobile telephones feature digital cameras, it is also believed that Nokia has recently overtaken Kodak in camera production making it the largest in the world), Nokia is now also the leading supplier of digital audio players (MP3 players). Nokia aims to sell 80 million music phones by the end of 2006, outpacing sales of devices such as the iPod from Apple.[13]
Multimedia
The Multimedia division's purpose is to design devices and applications that bring multimedia experiences to their customers. These devices allow people to create, access and consume multimedia, as well as share their experiences with others. The devices are included with a wide range of connectivity such as GSM, 3G/WCDMA, WLAN and Bluetooth. Nokia Multimedia Nseries extensively uses Symbian OS.
The Multimedia group also works with other companies outside the telecommunications industry to make advances in the technology and bring new applications and possibilities in areas such as Internet services, optics, music synchronization and streaming media.
Loudeye
In August 2006, Nokia acquired online music distributor Loudeye Corp for $60m. The company has been developing this into an online music service in the hope of using it to generate handset sales. The service is expected to launch in late 2007 and would rival iTunes.
Enterprise Solutions
As the name implies, the Nokia Enterprise Solutions offers businesses, corporations and institutions a broad range of products and solutions, such as enterprise-grade mobile devices, underlying security infrastructure, software and services. Nokia also works with a range of companies to provide network security, bring mobilized corporate e-mail and extend corporate telephone systems to work with Nokia’s mobile devices.
Networks
Nokia Networks provides mobile network infrastructure, communications and networks service platforms, as well as professional services to operators and service providers. Networks focuses in: GSM, EDGE, 3G/WCDMA and WiMAX radio access networks; core networks with increasing IP and multiaccess capabilities; and services.
At the end of 2005, Networks had more than 150 mobile network customers in more than 60 countries, with its systems serving in excess of 400 million subscribers.
On 19 June 2006 Nokia and Siemens AG announced the companies are to merge their mobile and fixed-line phone network equipment businesses to create one of the world's largest network firms, called Nokia Siemens Networks.
Corporate affairs
Historical logos
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Nokia Company logo. Founded in Tampere in 1865, logo 1966.
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Nokia – Finnish Rubber Works Ltd, founded in Helsinki in 1898.
Logo 1965–1966. -
The Nokia "arrows" logo before its Connecting People logo.
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Nokia introduced its "Connecting People" slogan, invented by Ove Strandberg.
(Note that the current logo's slogan uses Nokia's proprietary Nokia font. The earlier font was Times Roman.)
.svg){kind=logo}
Corporate governance
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Source: [14]
Corporate culture
Nokia's official corporate culture manifesto, The Nokia Way, emphasises the speed and flexibility of decision-making in a flat, networked organization, although the corporation's size necessarily imposes a certain amount of bureaucracy. Equality of opportunities and openness of communication are also stressed, along with management leadership and employee participation.
Nokia is a progressive and forward-thinking mobile technology group that spends a significant amount of its revenue on research and development, and prides itself on often being the first to market with new products and applications.
The official business language of Nokia is English. All documentation is written in English, and is used in official intra-company spoken communication and e-mail.
The Nokia Values are Customer Satisfaction, Respect, Achievement, and Renewal.
Research cooperation with universities
- Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
- Tampere University of Technology, Finland
- Stanford University, United States
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
- University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
See also
References and footnotes
- ^ Nokia − Annual Information 2006
- ^ a b Nokia − Q1 2007 Press Release
- ^ Boston.com
- ^ Softpedia
- ^ HELSINGIN SANOMAT
- ^ Fortune − Global Most Admired Companies: Top 50
- ^ Fortune – Global 500
- ^ Old-Computers.com — Nokia MikroMikko 1
- ^ EIR Online — Nokia Kilo Plant
- ^ YLE.fi − Nokia's Law
- ^ [1] [2] [3] [4]
- ^ Reuters, 2007-05-03, Nokia's cheap phone tops electronics chart
- ^ Nokia Media and Music Tehcnologies
- ^ Nokia − Corporate governance. Retrieved on 2006-8-1.
Further reading
- Michael Lattanzi, Antti Korhonen, Vishy Gopalakrishnan (2006). Work Goes Mobile: Nokia's Lessons from the Leading Edge. ISBN 0-470-02752-5 .
- Christian Lindholm, Turkka Keinonen, Harri Kiljander (2003). Mobile Usability: How Nokia Changed the Face of the Mobile Phone. ISBN 0-07-138514-2 .
- Martti Häikiö (2002). "Nokia: The Inside Story". ISBN 0-273-65983-9 .
- Trevor Merriden (2001). Business The Nokia Way: Secrets of the World's Fastest Moving Company. ISBN 1-84112-104-5 .
- Dan Steinbock (2001). The Nokia Revolution: The Story of an Extraordinary Company That Transformed an Industry. ISBN 0-8144-0636-X .
External links
Definitions from Wiktionary
Media from Commons
News from Wikinews
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Resources from Wikiversity
- Nokia
- General
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