John Entwistle

John Entwistle

John Alec Entwistle (October 9, 1944 – June 27, 2002) was an English bass guitarist, songwriter, singer, and horn player, who was best known as the bass guitarist for rock band The Who. He is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential rock bassists of all time, creating an aggressive lead sound that helped influence contemporary and later bassists such as Steve Harris, Lemmy, Geddy Lee, John Paul Jones, Phil Lesh, Noel Redding, Billy Sheehan, Chris Squire, Markus Grosskopf, Mike Watt, Peter Hook & Krist Novoselic.

Entwistle helped uncover the potential of the bass guitar as a lead instrument, using aggressive pentatonic lead lines, and a trebly sound virtually unheard of in the early 1960s. He pioneered the use of roundwound steel bass strings, made to his personal specifications by RotoSound. His search for a sound to cut through The Who's sonic onslaught led him to experiment with more and different basses, leading him to amass a collection of over 200 instruments by the time of his death. His search for the perfect sound led him to experiment most notably with Alembic's basses in the 1970s, Warwick in the 1980s, and Status all-graphite basses in the 1990s.

Birth and early career

John Alec Entwistle was born in Chiswick, a London suburb in 1944 and attended Acton County Grammar School. He joined the Middlesex Youth Orchestra and his initial music training was on trumpet, french horn, and piano, all three of which would figure into his later rock playing. In the early 1960s, he played in several traditional jazz and dixieland outfits with schoolmate Pete Townshend in a duo The Confederates, and later joined Roger Daltrey's band the Detours. This band later became The Who.

He was nicknamed "The Ox" not for his size or his tendency to stand still during shows, but because of his strong constitution—his seeming ability to "eat, drink or do more than the rest of them." Bill Wyman, bassist for the Rolling Stones, described him as "the quietest man in private but the loudest man on stage." For much the same reason, he was often known by the nickname "Thunderfingers" by his bandmates and Who fans.

Entwistle's Who songs, along with his solo material, reveal a dark sense of humor which was often incompatible with Pete Townshend's more introspective work. Though he continued to contribute material to all of The Who's albums with the exception of Quadrophenia, his frustration with having his material recorded by the band (largely with having to relinquish singing duties to Roger Daltrey) led him to release Smash Your Head Against the Wall in 1971. He was the first member of The Who to release a solo record.

Entwistle also contributed many backing vocals and horn performances to the group, most notably on Quadrophenia, where he layered several horns to create the impressive brass as heard on songs such as 5:15, among others.

Rarely captured well in the studio, his style and sound was fully developed by the time of The Who's performance of "A Quick One While He's Away" (singing the role of Ivor the Engine Driver) for the Rolling Stones' 1968 Rock and Roll Circus, as well as the seminal 1970 Live at Leeds concert recording. In concert, Entwistle and guitarist Pete Townshend frequently exchanged roles, with Entwistle providing rapid melodic lines and Townshend anchoring the song with rhythmic chord work. Indeed, Pete Townshend was often quoted that it was Entwistle who was the lead guitarist in the band, while he, being the rhythmic timekeeping element, was in effect the drummer. Moon, on the other hand, with all his flourishes round the kit, was considered by Townshend to be the equivalent of a keyboard player. Entwistle himself stated in many interviews (including one with Guitar Player's Chris Jisi in 1989) that, according to modern standards, "The Who haven't a proper bass player."

In the mid 1960s, Entwistle was one of the first to make use of Marshall stacks. Pete Townshend later remarked that John started using Marshalls in order to hear himself over Moon's drums, and Townshend himself also had to use them just to be heard over John. They both continued expanding and experimenting with their rigs, until (at a time when most bands used 50-100w amps with single cabinets) they were both using twin Stacks with new experimental prototype 200w amps. This, in turn, also had a strong influence on the band's contemporaries at the time, with Cream and the Jimi Hendrix Experience both following suit. Ironically, although they pioneered and directly contributed to the development of the "classic" Marshall sound (at this point their equipment was being built/tweaked to their personal specifications), they would only use Marshalls for a couple of years. Entwistle eventually switched to using a Sound City rig in search of his perfect sound, with Townshend also switching later on.

Entwistle also experimented throughout his career with "bi-amping," where the high and low ends of the bass sound are sent through separate signal paths, allowing for more control over the output. At one point his rig became so loaded with speaker cabinets and processing gear that it was dubbed "Little Manhattan."

His "full treble, full volume" approach to bass sound was originally supposed to be captured in the bass solo to "My Generation". According to Entwistle, his original intention was to feature the distinctive Danelectro bass, which had a very twangy sound, in the solo. During the third recording session (the first two excluded the solo), Entwistle had snapped all of the strings. To his dismay, not one store carried Danelectro strings, forcing him to cough up enough money for a second Danelectro. The fourth session ended up the same. According to Entwistle, "As it was decided to press on and record 'My Generation' for a fifth time, I had no alternative but to go out and buy a third Danelectro bass." Eventually, during the fifth session, he recorded a simpler solo using a pick with a Fender Jazz Bass strung with LaBella tapewound strings. This solo bass break is important as it is one of the earliest (if not the first of) bass solos captured on a rock record. A live recording of The Who from this period (c1965) exists with Entwistle playing a Danelectro on "My Generation," giving an idea of what that solo would have sounded like.

Technique

Entwistle's technique ranged from using fingers, plectrums and tapping to utilizing harmonics in his passages. He would change the style of play between songs and even during songs to change the sound he produced. His fingering technique would involve pressing down on the string hard and releasing in an attempt to reproduce a trebly, twangy sound. Note however, that he would change his thumb position from pickup, to the E string and occasionally even allowing his thumb to float near the pickup. His plectrum technique would involve holding the plectrum between his thumb and forefinger, with the rest of his fingers outstretched for balance.

Entwistle also developed what he called a "typewriter" approach to playing the bass. It involved positioning the right hand over the strings so all four fingers could be used to tap percussively on the strings, causing them to strike the fretboard with a distinctive twangy sound. This gives the player the ability to play three or four strings at once, or to use several fingers on a single string. It allowed him to create passages that were very percussive and melodic. He used this approach to mimic the fills used by his drummers in band situations, sometimes sending the fills back at the drummers faster than the drummers themselves could play them. This method is unique and should not be confused with the hammer-on tapping techniques of Eddie Van Halen and Stu Hamm or the slapping technique of Larry Graham, and in fact pre-dates these other techniques. A demonstration of this approach to bass playing can be seen on a video called John Entwistle - Master Class, part of Arlen Roth's Hot Licks instructional series, as well as Mike Gordon's film, Rising Low.

Demonstrated in Mike Gordon's film, Rising Low is John's tendency to use his fore, middle and ring fingers on his right hand when playing. This would allow him to create "clusters of notes" in his bass lines, as well as play triplets with relative simplicity.

Notable in his left handed technique is his use of slides, positioning the left hand for octaves and his use of the pentatonic scale.

Entwistle identified his influences as a combination of his school training on French horn, trumpet, and piano (giving his fingers impressive strength and dexterity). Musicians who influenced him included rock & roll guitarists Duane Eddy and Gene Vincent, and American soul and R&B bassists such as James Jamerson. Like Jamerson, Entwistle is credited as a pioneer on the bass guitar.

In turn, Entwistle has been a massive influence on the playing styles and sounds used by generations of bass players that have followed him and continues to top 'best ever bass player' polls in musicians magazines. In 2000, Guitar magazine named him "Bassist of the Millennium" in a readers' poll.

Late career

Toward the end of his career, he formed "The John Entwistle Band" with longtime friend, drummer Steve Luongo. Godfrey Townsend ("no 'h', no relation" to Pete Townshend) played guitar and sang lead vocals. In 1996, the band went on the "Left for Dead" tour with Alan St. Jon on keyboards. After Entwistle toured with The Who for Quadrophenia in 1996-97, the Entwistle band set off on the "Left for Dead - the Sequel" tour in late 1998, now with Gordon Cotten on keyboards. After this second venture, the band released an album of highlights from the tour, called Left for Live.

In 1995 Entwistle also toured and recorded with Ringo Starr in one of the incarnations of Ringo's "All-Starr Band". This one also featured Billy Preston and Mark Farner. In this ensemble, he played and sang "Boris the Spider" as his Who showpiece.

Towards the end of his career Entwistle used a Status Graphite Buzzard Bass, which he designed.

In 1999, 2000, and early 2002, John played as part of The Who.

In 2001 he played in Alan Parsons' Beatles tribute show "A Walk Down Abbey Road". The show also featured Ann Wilson of Heart, Todd Rundgren, David Pack of Ambrosia, Godfrey Townsend on guitar, Steve Luongo on drums, and John Beck on keyboards. That year he also played with The Who at The Concert for New York City.

In January-February 2002 John played his last concerts with The Who in a handful of dates in England, the last being 8 February in London's Royal Albert Hall.

In late 2002, an expanded 2-CD Left for Live Deluxe was released, further highlighting The John Entwistle Band performances.

Judas Priest guitarist Glenn Tipton has also released material recorded before John's death on the 2005 solo collection 'Edge of the World'

Death

John Entwistle died in a hotel room at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas on June 27, 2002 one day before the scheduled first show of The Who's 2002 US tour. The Las Vegas medical examiner determined that death was due to a heart attack induced by an undetermined amount of cocaine. Though the amount in Entwistle's bloodstream was not great, the drug caused his coronary arteries, already damaged due to a pre-existing heart condition, to contract. Entwistle used cocaine throughout much of his adult life.

Entwistle's funeral was held at Saint Edward's Church in Stow-on-the-Wold, Gloucestershire, England, on July 10, 2002. He was cremated and his ashes buried privately. A memorial service was held on October 24, 2002 at St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Trafalgar Square, London.

Entwistle's collection of guitars and basses was auctioned at Sotheby's in London by his son, Christopher Entwistle, to meet anticipated duties on his father's estate. Joy Division/New Order bassist Peter Hook is among those who acquired some of Entwistle's basses at the auction.

Entwistle's mansion in Stow-on-the-Wold in the Cotswolds and a number of his personal effects were later sold off to meet the demands of the Inland Revenue. Entwistle was a former employee of that department, only quitting his job when The Who became successful.

While The Who, including Entwistle and Moon, recorded with a multitude of instruments, they always performed as a four-piece band. Following his death, Moon was replaced not only by Small Faces/Faces drummer Kenny Jones and Zak Starkey (son of Ringo Starr), but The Who also added keyboardist John "Rabbit" Bundrick to the live band. Similarly, when Entwistle died, his place in the live band was filled by Pino Palladino, with second guitarist Simon Townshend (Pete Townshend's brother) having been added at rehearsals just weeks before Entwistle's death.

Welsh-born bassist Pino Palladino, who played on several of Pete Townshend's solo records, took over for Entwistle on stage when The Who resumed their postponed U.S. tour following his funeral. Pete Townshend and Roger Daltrey spoke at length about their reaction to Entwistle's death. Some of their comments can be found on the The Who Live in Boston DVD.

Who Songs

John Entwistle was also a songwriter and artist. He wrote music for The Who, singing lead vocals on some, including:

• "905" - Who Are You, 1978
• "Boris The Spider" - A Quick One, 1966
• "Cousin Kevin" (3 part harmony--Daltrey-Entwistle-Townshend) - Tommy, 1969
• "Dangerous" (lead vocal by Daltrey) - It's Hard, 1982
• "Doctor, Doctor" - B-Side to "Pictures of Lily", 1967
• "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" - B-Side to "Call Me Lightning" in the USA, 1968, and to "Magic Bus" in the UK, 1968
• "Fiddle About" - Tommy, 1969
• "Had Enough" (lead vocal by Daltrey) - Who Are You, 1978
• "Heaven and Hell" - Live At Leeds, 1970 (A studio version was recorded but was only released on compilation albums and the John Entwistle solo album "Smash Your Head Against the Wall")
• "Heinz Baked Beans" - The Who Sell Out, 1967
• "In The City" (credited to Entwistle/Moon) - B-Side to "I'm a Boy", 1966
• "It's Your Turn" (lead vocal by Daltrey) - It's Hard, 1982
• "I've Been Away" - B-Side to "Happy Jack" in the UK, 1966
• "Medac" - The Who Sell Out, 1967
• "My Wife" - Who's Next, 1971
• "One At A Time" - It's Hard, 1982
• "Postcard" - Odds and Sods, 1974
• "Silas Stingy" - The Who Sell Out, 1967
• "Someone's Coming" (lead vocal by Daltrey) - B-Side to "I Can See For Miles" in the UK, 1967, and to "Magic Bus" in the USA, 1968
• "Success Story" - The Who By Numbers, 1975
• "The Ox" (instrumental, with Pete Townshend, Keith Moon and Nicky Hopkins) - My Generation, 1965
• "The Quiet One" - Face Dances, 1981
• "Trick Of The Light" (lead vocal by Daltrey) - Who Are You, 1978
• "When I Was A Boy" - B-Side to "Let's See Action", 1971
• "Whiskey Man" - A Quick One, 1966
• "You" (lead vocal by Daltrey) - Face Dances, 1981

Solo discography

• Smash Your Head Against the Wall (1971), US #126
• Whistle Rymes (1972), US #138
• Rigor Mortis Sets In (1973), US #174
• Mad Dog (1975), US #192
• Too Late the Hero (1981), US #71
• The Rock (1996)
• King Biscuit Flower Hour Presents in Concert (1996)
• Left for Live (1999)
• Music From Van Pires (2000)

Collaborations

• Smiling Men With Bad Reputations (With Mike Heron) (1971)
• Flash Fearless Vs The Zorg Women Parts 5 and 6 (With Alice Cooper et al) (1975)
• Any Road Up (With Steve Gibbons Band) (1976)
• One Of The Boys (With Roger Daltrey) (1977)
• Fabulous Poodles (With The Fabulous Poodles) (1977)
• Rough Mix (With Pete Townshend and Ronnie Lane) (1994)
• Mirror Stars (With Fabulous Poodles) (1978)
• Framed (With Dave Lambert) (1979)
• McVicar (With Roger Daltrey) (1980)
• Un Autre Monde (With Téléphone) (1984)
• Eddie Hardin and Zak Starkey's musical version of Wind In The Willows (With Eddie Harden, Zak Starkey et al) (1985)
• You'll Never Walk Alone (With Bradford City Disaster Fund) (1985)
• The Iron Man: A Musical (With Pete Townshend) (1989)
• When You're A Boy (With Susanna Hoffs) (1991)
• Celebration: The Music Of The Who (With Roger Daltrey) (1994)
• Halfway Back From Anywhere (With Ian Brusby) (1994)
• Looks Like Ringo, Sound's Like John (With Wiseguys INTL.) (1995)
• Ringo Starr and His third All-Starr Band-Volume 1 (With Ringo Starr et al) (1995)
• Baptizm of Fire (with Glenn Tipton and Cozy Powell) (1997)
• The Deep End, Volume 1 (with Gov't Mule (2001)
• The Pioneers With Special Guest Pioneer John Entwistle (With The Pioneers) (2002)
• Edge of the World (As Tipton, Entwistle & Powell) (2006) (Posthumous)

Compilations

• The Best Of Music And Rhythm (1983)
• Songs From The Material World (2003)
• So Who's The Bass Player? The Ox Anthology (2005)

Trivia

Entwistle shared his birthday with John Lennon, though he was four years younger.

He was Noel Redding´s (bassist from The Jimi Hendrix Experience) favorite bass player.

He owned a spider, which was a present from Joe Walsh. It was a female spider, so it couldn´t be named Boris, instead John named her Doris.

"Boris the Spider" was Jimi Hendrix's favourite Who song.

He was afraid of spiders when he was a kid.

External links

• JohnEntwistle.com
• The John Entwistle Foundation
• The Who's Marshall history
• The Who Location Guide
• The Who Forum: Who news and discussion community.