Lists of physics equations: Difference between revisions
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|<math>K = E - mc^2 = \gamma mc^2 - mc^2 = mc^2(\gamma -1)</math |
|<math>K = E - mc^2 = \gamma mc^2 - mc^2 = mc^2(\gamma -1)</math> |
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Revision as of 02:12, 24 February 2011
This article needs attention from an expert in Physics. Please add a reason or a talk parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article.(October 2009) |
It has been suggested that Elementary physics formulae be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since September 2010. |
This page seeks to provide a list of elementary physics formulae commonly appearing in high-school and college introductory physics courses.
Where possible this list has avoided using any specific system of units.
SI Prefixes
Prefix | Base 10 | Decimal | Adoption [nb 1] | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Symbol | |||
quetta | Q | 1030 | 1000000000000000000000000000000 | 2022[1] |
ronna | R | 1027 | 1000000000000000000000000000 | |
yotta | Y | 1024 | 1000000000000000000000000 | 1991 |
zetta | Z | 1021 | 1000000000000000000000 | |
exa | E | 1018 | 1000000000000000000 | 1975[2] |
peta | P | 1015 | 1000000000000000 | |
tera | T | 1012 | 1000000000000 | 1960 |
giga | G | 109 | 1000000000 | |
mega | M | 106 | 1000000 | 1873 |
kilo | k | 103 | 1000 | 1795 |
hecto | h | 102 | 100 | |
deca | da | 101 | 10 | |
— | — | 100 | 1 | — |
deci | d | 10−1 | 0.1 | 1795 |
centi | c | 10−2 | 0.01 | |
milli | m | 10−3 | 0.001 | |
micro | μ | 10−6 | 0.000001 | 1873 |
nano | n | 10−9 | 0.000000001 | 1960 |
pico | p | 10−12 | 0.000000000001 | |
femto | f | 10−15 | 0.000000000000001 | 1964 |
atto | a | 10−18 | 0.000000000000000001 | |
zepto | z | 10−21 | 0.000000000000000000001 | 1991 |
yocto | y | 10−24 | 0.000000000000000000000001 | |
ronto | r | 10−27 | 0.000000000000000000000000001 | 2022[1] |
quecto | q | 10−30 | 0.000000000000000000000000000001 | |
|
Fundamentals of Mechanics
Foundational equations in translation and rotation.
Quantity | Translation | Rotation |
---|---|---|
time | ||
position | in radians | |
mass | ||
duration | ||
displacement | ||
conservation of mass | ||
conservation of energy | ||
conservation of momentum | ||
velocity | ||
acceleration | ||
jerk | ||
potential energy change | ||
momentum | ||
force | ||
inertia | ||
impulse | ||
work | ||
power | ||
kinetic energy | ||
Newton's Third Law |
Every conservative force has a potential energy. By following two principles one can consistently assign a non-relative value to U:
- Wherever the force is zero, its potential energy is defined to be zero as well.
- Whenever the force does work, potential energy is lost.
Equations in translation and rotation, assuming constant acceleration.
Quantity | Translation | Rotation |
---|---|---|
displacement | ||
time | ||
acceleration | ||
initial velocity | ||
final velocity |
Uniform circular motion
uniform circular motion angular to linear displacement | |
uniform circular motion angular to linear speed | |
uniform circular motion angular to linear acceleration normal component | |
uniform circular motion | |
uniform circular motion tangential speed | |
uniform circular motion tangential component, scalar | |
uniform circular motion centripetal acceleration | |
uniform circular motion centripetal acceleration scalar | |
uniform circular motion centripetal force | |
uniform circular motion revolution time |
Elasticity
elastic force, lies parallel to spring | |
elastic potential energy | |
elastic work, positive when relaxes |
Friction
normal force | |
static friction maximum, lies tangent to the surface | |
kinetic friction, lies tangent to the surface | |
drag force, tangent to the path | |
terminal velocity | |
friction creates heat and sound |
Stress and strain
stress | |
strain | |
modulus of elasticity | |
yield strength | |
ultimate strength | |
Young's modulus | |
shear modulus | |
bulk modulus |
Other
inertial frames | |
. . . | |
. . . | |
trajectory | |
flight distance | |
tension, lies within the cord | |
mechanical energy | |
mechanical energy is conserved | when all forces are conservative |
thrust | |
ideal rocket equation | |
parallel axis theorem | |
list of moments of inertia | |
indeterminate systems |
Center of mass and collisions
center of mass COM | |
. . . | |
for constant density: | |
COM is in all planes of symmetry | |
elastic collision | |
inelastic collision | maximum |
conservation of momentum in a two body collision | |
system COM remains inert | |
elastic collision, 1D, M2 stationary | |
. . . |
Smooth rolling
rolling distance | |
rolling distance ? | |
rolling velocity | |
rolling ? | |
rolling down a ramp along axis x |
Thermodynamics
Waves
Gravitation
gravitational constant | (force)(distance/mass)^2 |
gravitational force | |
superposition applies | |
gravitational acceleration | |
free fall acceleration | |
shell theorem for gravitation | |
potential energy from gravity | |
escape speed | |
Kepler's law 1 | planets move in an ellipse, with the star at a focus |
Kepler's law 2 | |
Kepler's law 3 | |
orbital energy | |
standard gravity | |
weight, points toward the center of gravity | |
path independence | |
Einstein field equations |
Fluid dynamics
density | |
pressure | |
pressure difference | |
pressure at depth | |
barometer versus manometer | |
Pascal's principle | |
Archimedes' Principle | |
buoyant force | |
gravitational force when floating | |
apparent weight | |
ideal fluid | |
equation of continuity | constant |
Bernoulli's equation | constant |
Electromagnetism
Light
Lorentz factor | |
Lorentz transformation | |
. . . | |
. . . | |
. . . | |
time dilation | |
length contraction | |
relativistic Doppler effect | |
Doppler shift | |
momentum | |
rest energy | |
total energy | |
Energy Removed | |
kinetic energy |
Particle Physics
The Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
Postulate 1: State of a system | A system is completely specified at any one time by a Hilbert space vector. |
Postulate 2: Observables of a system | A measurable quantity corresponds to an operator with eigenvectors spanning the space. |
Postulate 3: Observation of a system | Measuring a system applies the observable's operator to the system and the system collapses into the observed eigenvector. |
Postulate 4: Probabilistic result of measurement | The probability of observing an eigenvector is derived from the square of its wavefunction. |
Postulate 5: Time evolution of a system | The way the wavefunction evolves over time is determined by Shrodinger's equation. |
See also
Variables commonly used in physics
References
- ^ a b "On the extension of the range of SI prefixes". 18 November 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
- ^ "Metric (SI) Prefixes". NIST.
- Halliday, David (2007). Fundamentals of Physics,. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470044742.
- Zettili, Nouredine (2009). Quantum Mechanics. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0470026782.
External links
- Physics formulae at xs4all.nl