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==E (Y-DNA)==
==E (Y-DNA)==

===Adolf Hitler===
[[Adolf Hitler]], German politician and leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP, commonly known as the Nazi Party), and Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup [[Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA)|E1b1b]]. According to Ronny Decorte, genetics expert at [[Katholieke Universiteit Leuven]], "the results of this study are surprising" and "Hitler would not have been happy". <ref>[http://www.standaard.be/artikel/detail.aspx?artikelid=DMF20100817_117 Hitler verwant met Somaliërs, Berbers en Joden], [[De Standaard]], Wednesday 18th August 2010</ref><ref>[http://knack.rnews.be/nl/actualiteit/nieuws/wetenschap/hitler-was-verwant-met-somaliers-berbers-en-joden/article-1194797075630.htm Hitler was verwant met Somaliërs, Berbers en Joden] [[Knack (magazine)|Knack]], 18th August 2010</ref>


===Al Roker===
===Al Roker===

Revision as of 11:30, 15 April 2011

This is a list of haplogroups of historical and famous figures. Haplogroups can be determined from the remains of historical figures, or derived from genealogical DNA tests of people who trace their direct maternal or paternal ancestry to a noted historical figure. Some contemporary famous figures have also made their test results public.

The results for Y-DNA genealogical DNA tests are either from the men themselves, or from men who have inferred paternal descent from historical figures. Scientists make the inference as a hypothesis which could be disproved or improved by future research.

MtDNA results come from historical figures who have had their mitochondrial DNA tested.

C (Y-DNA)

Genghis Khan

Main article: Descent from Genghis Khan

DNA purported to be from Genghis Khan does not have the benefit of near and easily documented lineages. A distinct 'modal' result centers today on Mongolia.

According to Zerjal et al. (2003),[1] Genghis Khan is believed to have belonged to Haplogroup C-RPS4Y711(xC3c-M48).

DYS 393 390 391 425 426 434 435 436 437i 438 439 388 389i 389ii 392
Alleles 13 25 10 12 11 11 11 12 8 10 10 14 10 26 11

According to Family Tree DNA,[2] Genghis Khan is believed to have belonged to Haplogroup C3.

Extended 25 Marker Y-DNA modal based on Mongolians matching the above modal haplotype in the Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation database,[3] which also corresponds to the modal assigned to Genghis Khan released by Family Tree DNA:[2]

DYS 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389i 392 389ii 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d
Alleles 13 25 16 10 12 13 11 14 10 13 11 29 18 8 8 11 12 26 14 22 27 11 11 12 16

Ysearch: GF44B

Oxford university's department of biochemistry gives an extended haplotype (SMGF standard allele count).[4]

DYS 393 392 449 446 390 389b 464a 464b 464c 464d 461 394 458 462 391 459a 459b 460 YGATAA10 385a 385b 455 YGATAH4
Alleles 13 11 27 21 25 16 11 11 12 16 11 17 18 13 10 8 8 10 13 12 13 11 11
DYS YGATAC4 426 454 YCAIIa YCAIIb GGAAT1B07 388 447 456 441 439 437 442 445 389I 448 438 452 444 463
Alleles 21 11 12 22 23 10 14 26 15 15 10 14 11 12 13 25 10 31 14 23

Ysearch: GF44B (78 Y-STRs)

E (Y-DNA)

Al Roker

Al Roker, United States broadcaster, belongs to Y-DNA haplogroup E, common among African peoples.[5]

Desmond Tutu

Desmond Tutu, South African activist and Christian cleric, according to a study on Southern African genetics belongs to haplogroup E1b1a8a[6].

William Harvey

Famous English physician William Harvey, who was the first in the Western world to describe systemic circulation, belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1b1, more specifically to the subclade E1b1b1c1 (M34). Most ancient ancestor known was Humphrey Harvey (1459–1526, Kent, England). Ysearch: B2YWY. Look also Harvey Y-DNA Genetic Project

The Wright Brothers

The Wright Brothers of the United States belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup E1b1b1, subclade E1b1b1a2 (V13). They were supposedly descended from Robert Wright of Brook Hall, Essex, England.[7][citation needed] Look at Wright Dna Project

DYS 393 390 19 391 385A 385B 426 388 439 389I 392 389II
Alleles 13 24 13 10 16 18 11 12 12 13 11 29

[8]

G (Y-DNA)

Joseph Stalin

Joseph Stalin, from a genetic test on his grandson (his son Vasily's son, Alexander Burdonsky) and his grand-nephew, is shown to be Y-DNA-wise of G2a1.[9]

DYS 393 390 19 391 385A 385B 426 388 439 389I 392 389II 458 459A 459B 455 454 447 437 448 449 464A 464B 464C 464D
Alleles 14 23 15 9 15 16 11 12 11 11 10 28 17 9 9 11 11 25 16 21 28 13 13 14 14

King Louis XVI

King Louis XVI of France from a genetic test on blood in a cloth purported to have been collected at his beheading and maintained in an ornate gourd decorated with French Revolution themes. Confirmation of this genetic profile requires testing of a known relative. The sample was tested at two laboratories with the same results..[10] The sample is most consistent with G2a3b1a samples and contains unusually high, rare values for markers DYS385B and DYS458 in this haplogroup G subgroup.

DYS 393 390 19 391 385A 385B 439 389I 392 389II 458 456 437 438 YGATAH4 DYS635
Alleles 14 22 15 10 13 18 12 12 11 30 21 15 15 10 12 21

I1 (Y-DNA)

Alexander Hamilton

Alexander Hamilton belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup I1.[5][11]

DYS 393 390 19 391 385A 385B 426 388 439 389I 392 389II 458 459A 459B 455 454 447 437 448 449 464A 464B 464C 464D
Alleles 13 22 14;15 10 13 14 11 14 12 13 11 29 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 31 12 14 15 15
DYS 460 GATA-H4 YCAIIA YCAIIB 456 607 576 570 CDYA CDYB 442 438
Alleles 10 10 19 21 14 16 16 19 35 38 12 10

Edmund Rice

Edmund Rice, an early immigrant to Massachusetts Bay Colony and a founder of Sudbury and Marlborough, belonged to haplogroup I1.[12]

Leo Tolstoy

Leo Tolstoy, the Russian writer, belonged to Haplogroup I1

J (Y-DNA)

Matt Lauer

Matt Lauer belongs to Y-DNA haplogroup J.[5]

N (Y-DNA)

Rurik of Novgorod

Rurik, whose descendants founded Kievan Rus', and ultimately the Tsardom of Russia (Ivan IV the Terrible), belonged to the Y-DNA Haplogroup N (N1c1). And they belong to a very specific Sweden branch of N1c1.[13] Most living Princes of the Rurik Dynasty or Rurikids also belong to this haplogroup, specifically those descending from Vladimir II Monomakh. The remainder belong to Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA) below, and so have been suggested to be of Slavic origin.

Person DYS 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389i 392 389ii 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d
Puzyna Alleles 14 23 14 10 11 13 11 12 11 13 14 29 18 9 9 11 12 25 14 19 28 14 14 14 14
Gagarin Alleles 14 23 14 11 11 13 11 12 10 14 14 30 18 9 9 11 12 25 14 19 29 14 15 15 15
Rzhevsky Alleles 14 23 14 11 11 13 11 12 10 14 14 31 18 9 9 10 12 25 14 19 29 14 14 15 15
Kropotkin Alleles 14 23 14 11 11 13 11 12 10 14 14 30 18 9 9 11 12 24 14 19 28 14 14 15 15
Myshetsky Alleles 14 23 14 11 11 13 11 12 11 14 15 30 18 9 9 11 12 25 14 19 32 14 14 15 15
Vadbolsky Alleles 14 23 14 11 11 13 11 12 10 14 14 30 18 9 9 11 12 25 14 19 27 14 14 15 15
Khilkov Alleles 14 23 14 11 11 13 11 12 10 14 14 30 18 9 9 11 12 25 14 19 29 14 14 15 15
Putyatin Alleles 14 23 14 11 11 13 11 12 10 14 14 31 18 9 9 11 12 25 14 19 30 14 14 15 15

Ysearch: EAKVQ, WYAK3, HP2VB,

Russian Nobility DNA Project

Gediminas

See also: Jagiellon dynasty

As it was thought that the Lithuanian family of Gediminas or the Gediminids might ultimately belong to the Rurikid line, the same Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project sought to discover the haplogroup of their famous founder Gediminas. It was surprisingly found that while this is not precisely the case, the Gediminids also belong to the Uralic Y-DNA Haplogroup N1c1, yet of a different subclade. In fact the Gediminids and Rurikids are actually very distant cousins, sharing a common ancestor circa 2500 years ago.[14]

Person DYS 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389i 392 389ii 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d
Khovanskii Alleles 14 23 15 11 11 13 11 12 10 15 15 31 17 9 9 11 12 25 14 19 27 14 14 15 15
Chartorisky Alleles 14 23 15 11 11 13 11 12 11 14 15 30 17 9 9 11 12 25 14 19 29 14 14 15 15
Golitsin Alleles 14 23 15 11 11 13 11 12 11 14 15 30 17 9 9 11 12 25 14 19 28 14 14 15 15
Trubetskoi Alleles 14 23 15 11 11 13 11 12 10 13 15 29 17 9 9 11 12 25 14 20 28 14 14 15 15

Ysearch: HP2VB, 7FWBE, HUD38,

Russian Nobility DNA Project

R1a (Y-DNA)

Tonu Trubetsky

DYS 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389i 392 389ii 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d
Alleles 13 25 15 11 11 14 12 12 10 13 11 31 15 9 10 11 11 25 14 21 32 12 12 14 14

Ysearch: WUZG2

Somerled

Main articles: Somerled and Clann Somhairle

In 2003 Oxford University researchers traced the Y-chromosome signature of Somerled of Argyll, one of Scotland's greatest warriors, who is credited with driving out the Vikings. He was also paternal grandfather of the founder of Clan Donald. Through clan genealogies, the genetic relation was mapped out.[15] Somerled belongs to haplogroup R1a1.

In 2005 a study by Professor of Human Genetics Bryan Sykes of Oxford University led to the conclusion that Somerled has possibly 500,000 living descendants - making him the second most common historical ancestor after Genghis Khan.[16] Sykes deduced that despite Somerled's reputation for having driven out the Vikings from Scotland, Somerled's own Y-DNA most closely matched that of the Vikings he fought.

The Y-DNA sequence is as follows (12 markers):[17]

DYS 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389i 392 389ii 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d
Alleles 13 25 15 11 11 14 12 12 10 14 11 31 16 8 10 11 11 23 14 20 31 12 15 15 16

Ysearch: YS495

Wyatt Emory Cooper and Anderson Cooper

Wyatt Emory Cooper and Anderson Cooper belong to Y-DNA haplogroup R1a.[5]

R1b (Y-DNA)

All Russian Emperors from at least Nicholas I to Alexis

Nicholas II of Russia has been predicted as having an R1b haplotype.[18][19]

It matched a member of another line of Nicholas I's descendants. So, all the Emperors from Nicholas I to Alexis (Heir) shared this YDNA. It can also be said that this result is German, so Paul I was most likely the real son of his official father Peter III, and not the son of a lover, as is speculated.

Colla Uais

Main article: Colla Uais

Colla Uais had previously been deduced as belonging to Y-DNA haplogroup R1b, based on results from DNA projects, and as having the following haplotype:[5] This identification proved to be ill-founded and has since been revoked.[20]

DYS 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389i 392 389ii 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d
Alleles 13 24 14 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 13 30 18 9 10 11 11 25 15 19 30 15 15 17 17

Emperor Nicholas II

Nicholas II of Russia has been predicted as having an R1b haplotype.[18][19]

DYS 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 439 389i 392 389ii 458 456 635 Y-GATA-H4 437 438 448
Alleles 13 24 14 10 11 14 11 13 13 29 17 16 24 12 15 12 19

Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan

Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup R1b1.[21][22]

John Adams and John Quincy Adams

United States presidents John Adams and his son John Quincy Adams belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup R1b.[23]

Niall of the Nine Hostages

Main article: Niall of the Nine Hostages

A recent study conducted at Trinity College, Dublin,[24] found that a striking percentage of men in Ireland (and quite a few in Scotland) share the same Y chromosome. Results suggested that the 5th-century warlord known as "Niall of the Nine Hostages" may be the ancestor of one in 12 Irishmen. Niall established a dynasty of powerful chieftains who dominated the island for six centuries. Niall belongs to Haplogroup R1b1c7 (M222). It should be noted that Dr. Moore's results examined some different parts of DNA (loci) from the result given here.

DYS 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389i 392 389ii 458 459a 459b 455 454 447 437 448 449 464a 464b 464c 464d
Alleles 13 25 14 11 11 13 12 12 12 13 14 29 17 9 10 11 11 25 15 18 30 15 16 16 17

Ysearch: M5UKQ

Nicolaus Copernicus

Zachary Taylor, William Mckinley and Woodrow Wilson

All these United States presidents belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup R1b1c.[5]

T (formerly K2, Y-DNA)

Thomas Jefferson

Main article: Jefferson DNA data

Direct male-line descendants of a cousin of United States president Thomas Jefferson were DNA tested to investigate historical assertions that Jefferson fathered children with his slave Sally Hemings.[25] An extended 17-marker haplotype was published in 2007,[26] and the company Family Tree DNA has also published results for other markers in its standard first 12-marker panel.[27] Combining these sources gives the consolidated 21-marker haplotype below. The Jeffersons belong to Haplogroup T (former K2).

DYS 393 390 19 391 385a 385b 426 388 439 389i 392 389ii 437 460 438 461 462 436 434 435 DXYS
156Y
Alleles 13 24 15 10 13 16 11 12 12 12 15 27 14 10 9 11 13 12 11 11 12

(Note: the value of DXYS 156Y was reported as 7 in the original paper. This is believed to translate to 12 in the convention now used by DNA testing labs and online databases)

Ysearch: Q8UXG (9 Y-STRs)

H (mtDNA)

Luke the Evangelist

A body attributed to Luke the Evangelist that resides in Padua, Italy, underwent a mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) test:

Name Location Approximate lifetime mitochondrial DNA sequence Haplogroup
body attributed to Luke the Evangelist Italy 1,850 years ago 16235G, 16291T H

King Sweyn II of Denmark

Sweyn II Estridsson Ulfsson, known in Denmark as Svend Estridsen, is often considered to be Denmark's last Viking king as well as the first medieval one. He died in 1074 and is entombed in Roskilde Cathedral with other Danish kings and queens.[28]

Name mitochondrial DNA sequence Haplogroup
DNA attributed to Sweyn II of Denmark 16093C, 16304C H

Christian Cardell Corbet

The July 2008 DNA results of acclaimed Canadian portrait artist Christian Cardell Corbet belong to mtDNA haplogroup H.[29][30]

Name mitochondrial DNA sequence Haplogroup
Christian Cardell Corbet 16519C H

Marie Antoinette

DNA taken from a lock of Marie Antoinettes hair cut from her as a child matched DNA believed to be from her son, King Louis XVII. A detailed discussion on the DNA analysis of Marie Antoinette, the putative heart of Louis XVII and Carl Wilhelm Naundorff is available.[31]

Name mitochondrial DNA sequence Haplogroup
DNA attributed to Marie Antoinette 16519C, 152C, 194T, 263G, 315.1C H

Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna of Russia

Main articles: Alexandra Fyodorovna of Hesse and Nicholas II of Russia

Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna were DNA tested along with the other bodies in their mass grave. The tests concluded that five of the skeletons were members of one family and four were unrelated. Three of the five were determined to be the children of two parents. The mother was linked to the British royal family, as was Alexandra. The father was determined to be related to several other Romanovs. Scientists said they were more than 99% sure that the remains were those of the Tsar, his family and their attendants. Two skeletons remain unaccounted for: Alexei, the 13-year-old heir to the throne, and one of his sisters, either Maria or Anastasia. Worldwide attention was raised with rumors that Anastasia had survived the murders, but no putative survivors have been proven.

  • Tsar Nicholas Romanov & Count Trubetskoy: mtDNA Haplogroup T (16126C, 16169Y*, 16294T, 16296T, 73G, 263G, 315.1C)
  • Empress Alexandra & Prince Philip: mtDNA Haplogroup H (16111T, 16357C, 263G, 315.1C)

*Tsar Nicholas has a heteroplasmy, an instance of multiple mitochondrial types together in one cell of an individual: a normal & mutational cell, at 16169Y. The results were the same for Grand Duke Georgij Romanov, his brother.

Prince Philip of the UK, Duke of Edinburgh

mtDNA Haplogroup H (16111T, 16357C, 263G, 315.1C)

Princess Alice of the UK

mtDNA Haplogroup H (16111T, 16357C, 263G, 315.1C) Since both Empress Alexandra and Prince Philip share the same HVR1+HVR2 result, it can be assumed that their common ancestor Princess Alice had the same.

James McGovern

The remains of fighter pilot James "Earthquake McGoon" McGovern Jr. were discovered in Vietnam in 2002 and identified in 2006. McGovern belonged to mtDNA haplogroup H1.[32]

Name mitochondrial DNA sequence Haplogroup
James "Earthquake McGoon" McGovern 16519C H1

J (mtDNA)

Petrarch

The remains of Francesco Petrarca had DNA extracted from them in 2003.

Name mitochondrial DNA sequence Haplogroup
body attributed to Petrarch 16126C, 16193T, 16311C J2

K (mtDNA)

Ötzi the Iceman

Analysis of the mtDNA of Ötzi the Iceman, the frozen mummy from 3300 BC found on the Austrian-Italian border, has shown that Ötzi belongs to the K1 subclade but that it cannot be categorized into any of the three modern branches of that subclade (K1a, K1b or K1c). The new subclade has preliminarly been named K1ö for Ötzi.[33]

Katie Couric

On an 18 November 2005 broadcast of the Today Show, during an interview with Dr. Spencer Wells of The National Geographic Genographic Project, host Katie Couric was revealed to belong to haplogroup K. [34]

Stephen Colbert

On 14 August 2007, Stephen Colbert was told by Dr Spencer Wells that he is a member of this haplogroup during a segment on The Colbert Report.

L (mtDNA)

David Patterson

Former New York Governor David Paterson belongs to mtDNA haplogroup L.[5]

T (mtDNA)

Jesse James

In 1995 the body of Jesse James was exhumed and compared to two known living relatives, making a perfect match on both counts.

Name mitochondrial DNA sequence Haplogroup
body attributed to Jesse James 16126C, 16274A, 16294T, 16296T, 16304C T2

U (mtDNA)

The Cheddar Man

The skeleton excavated from the Cheddar Gorge is in haplogroup U5a. The Cheddar Man is the nickname for the ancient human remains found in Cheddar Gorge, his approximate date of death: 7150 BCE.

Name mitochondrial DNA sequence Haplogroup
Cheddar Man 16192T, 16270T U5a

mitosearch member code: 7MRU2

The Oseberg ship remains

The skeleton remains from the younger of the two women buried with the Oseberg ship was discovered to be U7.[35]

V (mtDNA)

Benjamin Franklin

Doras Folger, one of Benjamin Franklin's mother's six sisters, passed on her mtDNA to her 9th-great granddaughter, Charlene Chambers King. Therefore showing Franklin to belong to haplogroup V.[36] Bono from the Rock band U2 shares Franklin's haplogroup, as revealed in the July 2007 issue of Vanity fair.[37]

Name mitochondrial DNA sequence Haplogroup
Benjamin Franklin T16298C, 315.1C, 309.1C, A263G, and T72C. V
Bono ? V

See also

References

  1. ^ Zerjal, T (2003). "The Genetic Legacy of the Mongols" ([dead link]). American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (3): 717–21. doi:10.1086/367774. PMC 1180246. PMID 12592608. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b Family Tree DNA. "Matching Genghis Khan". Archived from the original on April 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
  3. ^ "SMGF: Genghis Khan modal haplotype search results".
  4. ^ The genetic legacy of the Mongols. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Mar;72(3):717-21. Epub 2003 Jan 17.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g [1], ISOGG
  6. ^ Bantu genomes from southern Africa
  7. ^ Double~Helix Forum
  8. ^ Wright Dna Project
  9. ^ Русский Newsweek / Тема номера, www.runewsweek.ru
  10. ^ Lalueza-Doz, C, Gigli, E., Dini, C.; et al. (2010). "Genetic Analysis of the presumptive blood from Louis XVI, king of France". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 30: E Pub ahead of print. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.09.007. PMID 20940110. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Hamilton DNA Project Results Discussion
  12. ^ "Rice Family DNA Project". Edmund Rice (1638) Association. Retrieved 31 August 2009.
  13. ^ Rurikid Dynasty DNA Project at FamilyTreeDNA
  14. ^ DNA Database for Rurikid and Gediminid princes
  15. ^ The Norse Code
  16. ^ DNA shows Celtic hero Somerled's Viking roots, The Scotsman, 26 Apr 2006
  17. ^ Famous DNA
  18. ^ a b http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2009/02/y-chromosome-of-tsar-nicholas-ii.html
  19. ^ a b Supporting Information (The last Russian Emperor)
  20. ^ For further information, see the Clan Donald DNA Project website: http://dna-project.clan-donald-usa.org/
  21. ^ [2], Pierce DNA project
  22. ^ [3], ISOGG
  23. ^ [4], ISOGG
  24. ^ Moore LT, McEvoy B, Cape E, Simms K, Bradley DG (2006). "A y-chromosome signature of hegemony in gaelic Ireland" ([dead link]). Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78 (2): 334–8. doi:10.1086/500055. PMC 1380239. PMID 16358217.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ Foster, EA (1998). "Jefferson fathered slave's last child" (PDF). Nature. 396 (6706): 27–28. doi:10.1038/23835. PMID 9817200. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); line feed character in |coauthors= at position 48 (help)
  26. ^ King, TE (2007). "Thomas Jefferson's Y chromosome belongs to a rare European lineage" ([dead link]). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 132 (4): 584–9. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20557. PMID 17274013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  27. ^ Family Tree DNA. "Comparing yourself to the Jefferson DNA". Archived from the original on April 30, 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
  28. ^ Dienekes' Blog : mtDNA of the last Viking King
  29. ^ Christian Corbet
  30. ^ Corbet Family Homepage
  31. ^ Using mtDNA to track the case of Louis XVII, son of Marie Antoinette
  32. ^ http://www.dbc.uem.br/docentes/cida/bm-s13.pdf [dead link]
  33. ^ Luca Ermini et al. (30 October 2008), "Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tyrolean Iceman", Current Biology.[5]
  34. ^ Family tree project helps trace deep history - TODAYshow.com
  35. ^ [6]
  36. ^ DNA Analysis of 5 People Who Helped Create America
  37. ^ Mommy, Where Do Bonos Come From? | Culture | Vanity Fair

External links

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