Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)

Not to be confused with United Democratic Forces.

Union of Democratic Forces
File:SDS Bulgaria logo.jpg
Leader	Martin Dimitrov
Founded	7 December 1989
Headquarters	134 Rakovska Str., Sofia 1000
Ideology	conservatismChristian democracy
Political position	Centre-right
European affiliation	European People's Party
European Parliament group	European People's Party
International affiliation	Christian Democrat International, International Democrat Union
Colours	Blue
Website
http://www.sds.bg
Politics of Bulgaria Political parties Elections

The Union of Democratic Forces ([Съюз на демократичните сили, Sayuz na demokratichnite sili, СДС, SDS] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)) is a political party in Bulgaria, founded in 1989 as a union of several political organizations in opposition to the communist government. In February 1997 the Union was transformed into a single unified party with the same name. The SDS is a member of the European People's Party (EPP).

A brief history

Dissident groups formed under the faltering regime of Todor Zhivkov in the late 1980s were the basis for the Union. Once Zhivkov fell, a loose political confederation was envisioned where constituent groups could continue to work for their own cause, while the coordinating council would include three members from each organization. The Longtime dissident philosopher Zhelyu Zhelev, who would later become Bulgaria's President, was elected chairman, and Petar Beron, a well-known environmental scientist, was chosen as secretary.

The UDF was officially founded on 7 December 1989 as a union of eleven political organizations, such as Ekoglasnost, Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (United) and Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union "Nikola Petkov". The following year, six more parties were incorporated (Radical Democratic Party, Green Party of Bulgaria, Democratic Party, New Social Democratic Party, United Democratic Centre, Democratic Front).

The SDS lost the 1990 elections to the Bulgarian Socialist Party but still participated in the joint cabinet of Dimitar Iliev Popov. On 15 May 1991 39 members left the SDS because of disagreements with the draft of the new constitution and founded the new organizations SDS-Center and SDS-Liberals. Later the remnants of the SDS formed their own cabinet with Prime Minister Filip Dimitrov in November 1991, though the cabinet lasted only a little over a year when the government failed a motion of confidence in September 1992. The socialists, together with the Movement for Rights and Freedoms, formed a coalition government headed by Prof. Lyuben Berov and then BSP went on to win the 1995 elections.

However, following discontent over economic problems, Prime Minister Zhan Videnov resigned at the end of 1996, clearing the way for new elections, this time won by the SDS with a crushing 55% vote. Party leader Ivan Kostov went on to form the new government and successfully passed several economic reforms, he was eventually rewarded in December 1999 with an invitation to begin membership talks with the European Union. But public discontent over the social cost of the reforms, including increased unemployment, as well as allegations of corruption led to the SDS's defeat in the June 2001 elections, which were won by the National Movement for Simeon II. The United Democratic Forces won 18.2% of the popular vote and 51 out of 240 seats in the 2001 elections.

The SDS was chaired until the May 20, 2007 European elections by Petar Stoyanov, former president of the country. Meanwhile, Kostov, the former Prime Minister and UDF party leader went on to form his own party - Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria. At the last legislative elections, 25 June 2005, the United Democratic Forces won 8.4% of the popular vote and 20 out of 240 seats.

It was announced at the inaugural conference of the Movement for European Reform (MER, March 2007) that the SDS would become official partners alongside the British Conservative Party and the Czech Civic Democratic Party. In mid April 2007, the SDS backtracked on its decision, stating that it remains loyal to the EPP and that it will never leave the EPP section of the EPP-ED Group to join another Group. In the May 20, 2007 European elections SDS failed to elect even a single MEP, resulting in the resignation of Stoyanov who led the list. The resignation of Stoyanov - who signed-up to MER - will almost certainly result in the withdrawal of SDS from the MER.

United Democratic Forces

For the 1997 parliamentary elections, an alliance named United Democratic Forces was formed around SDS. The same name was later used for other elections and parliamentary groups.

The Blue Coalition

In early 2009 an alliance was formed together with Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria for the European Parliament elections and National Assembly elections. The coalition was named The Blue Coalition and included some other parties.

List of chairmen

Chairmen of the Coordination Council

• Zhelyu Zhelev (1989–1990)
• Petar Beron (1990)
• Filip Dimitrov (1990–1994)
• Ivan Kostov (1994–1997)

Chairmen and Chairwomen of the unified party

• Ivan Kostov (1997–2001)
• Ekaterina Mikhailova (2001–2002)
• Nadezhda Mikhailova (2002–2005)
• Petar Stoyanov (2005–2007)
• Plamen Yurukov (2007–2008)
• Martin Dimitrov (2008—)

External links

• Official website
• Bulgarian Subject Files - Political Parties: Union of Democratic Forces Open Society Archives, Budapest