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Coordinates: 14°33′02″N 120°58′55″E / 14.550556°N 120.981944°E / 14.550556; 120.981944
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| title =The July 16 Luzon Earthquake: A Technical Monograph | work =Inter-Agency Committee for Documenting and Establishing Database on the July 1990 Earthquake | publisher =[[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]] | year =2001 | url =http://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_SOEPD/Earthquake/1990LuzonEQ_Monograph/foreword.html | doi = | accessdate = 2009-01-07 }}</ref> that hit Manila and the rest of [[Luzon]], the center was abandoned<ref name="Manila Film Center Shines again">{{Cite web| title=Manila Film Center Shines again| url= http://www.newsflash.org/2001/02/sb/sb001587.htm| work=News Flash| accessdate=2010-01-18}}</ref> due to the building becoming unstable. In 2001, then CCP President Armita Rufino announced a full rehabilitation program for the deteriorating building. The [[Department of Public Works and Highways (Philippines)|Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)]] and the film center's architect, Hong, were part of the strategic planning session on how the structure was to be renovated. The rehabilitation cost estimate in 2001 was approximately 300 million pesos<ref name="Manila Film Center Shines again"/> which was considered economical rather than building; a new one would have cost 1.8 billion pesos.
| title =The July 16 Luzon Earthquake: A Technical Monograph | work =Inter-Agency Committee for Documenting and Establishing Database on the July 1990 Earthquake | publisher =[[Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology]] | year =2001 | url =http://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/update_SOEPD/Earthquake/1990LuzonEQ_Monograph/foreword.html | doi = | accessdate = 2009-01-07 }}</ref> that hit Manila and the rest of [[Luzon]], the center was abandoned<ref name="Manila Film Center Shines again">{{Cite web| title=Manila Film Center Shines again| url= http://www.newsflash.org/2001/02/sb/sb001587.htm| work=News Flash| accessdate=2010-01-18}}</ref> due to the building becoming unstable. In 2001, then CCP President Armita Rufino announced a full rehabilitation program for the deteriorating building. The [[Department of Public Works and Highways (Philippines)|Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)]] and the film center's architect, Hong, were part of the strategic planning session on how the structure was to be renovated. The rehabilitation cost estimate in 2001 was approximately 300 million pesos<ref name="Manila Film Center Shines again"/> which was considered economical rather than building; a new one would have cost 1.8 billion pesos.


After its renovation was completed, CPACEAI<ref>{{Cite web| title=Manila Film Center Shines again| url= http://www.amazing-show.com/FactSheet.pdf| work=Amazing Philippines Facts| accessdate=2010-01-18}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> leased the theatre from the Philippine government in October 2001. On December 10, 2001, the ''Amazing Show'', produced by Amazing Philippines Theatre,<ref>{{Cite web| title=Amazing Philippines Theatre| url= http://m.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/Manila/night/622357/g-641/d-622177/l-activity | work = Lonely Planet| accessdate=2010-01-18}}</ref> opened to the public. All of the performers in the show were [[transgender]].<ref>{{Cite web| title=Amazing Philippine Theater comes to Boracay| url= http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/lifestyle/lifestyle/view/20070827-84840/Amazing_Philippine_Theater_comes_to_Boracay| work=The Philippine Daily Inquirer| accessdate=2010-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=An Amazing night of beauties | url= http://telebisyon.net/balita/An-Amazing-night-of-beauties/artikulo/34652/| work= The Manila Standard| accessdate=2010-01-18}}</ref> Their lease expired in 2009, which forced the show to move to another facility.
After its renovation was completed, CPACEAI<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manila Film Center Shines again |url=http://www.amazing-show.com/FactSheet.pdf |work=Amazing Philippines Facts |accessdate=2010-01-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110707122216/http://www.amazing-show.com/FactSheet.pdf |archivedate=July 7, 2011 }}</ref> leased the theatre from the Philippine government in October 2001. On December 10, 2001, the ''Amazing Show'', produced by Amazing Philippines Theatre,<ref>{{Cite web| title=Amazing Philippines Theatre| url= http://m.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/Manila/night/622357/g-641/d-622177/l-activity | work = Lonely Planet| accessdate=2010-01-18}}</ref> opened to the public. All of the performers in the show were [[transgender]].<ref>{{Cite web| title=Amazing Philippine Theater comes to Boracay| url= http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/lifestyle/lifestyle/view/20070827-84840/Amazing_Philippine_Theater_comes_to_Boracay| work=The Philippine Daily Inquirer| accessdate=2010-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=An Amazing night of beauties | url= http://telebisyon.net/balita/An-Amazing-night-of-beauties/artikulo/34652/| work= The Manila Standard| accessdate=2010-01-18}}</ref> Their lease expired in 2009, which forced the show to move to another facility.


The [[Senate of the Philippines|Philippine Senate]]<ref name="mb.com.ph"/> explored moving from the [[Government Service Insurance System (Philippines)|Government Service Insurance System (GSIS)]] building in Pasay City, located only a few meters away to the film center but several objections were raised and the move never happened.<ref>{{Cite web| title= Senate transfer to Film Center bucked| url= http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/223336/senate-transfer-film-center-bucked| work=Manila Bulletin| accessdate=2010-01-19}}</ref> As of November 2012, the Amazing Philippine Theatre is again performing in the space.<ref name=MBNov12>{{cite news|last=LAPARAN II|first=LEO ORTEGA|title=The ‘81 Film Center Tragedy: When Mystery Turns To Reality|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/381787/the-81-film-center-tragedy-when-mystery-turns-to-reality#.UKg4WeO_V7x|accessdate=18 November 2012|newspaper=Manila Bulletin|date=November 16, 2012}}</ref>
The [[Senate of the Philippines|Philippine Senate]]<ref name="mb.com.ph"/> explored moving from the [[Government Service Insurance System (Philippines)|Government Service Insurance System (GSIS)]] building in Pasay City, located only a few meters away to the film center but several objections were raised and the move never happened.<ref>{{Cite web| title= Senate transfer to Film Center bucked| url= http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/223336/senate-transfer-film-center-bucked| work=Manila Bulletin| accessdate=2010-01-19}}</ref> As of November 2012, the Amazing Philippine Theatre is again performing in the space.<ref name=MBNov12>{{cite news|last=LAPARAN II|first=LEO ORTEGA|title=The ‘81 Film Center Tragedy: When Mystery Turns To Reality|url=http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/381787/the-81-film-center-tragedy-when-mystery-turns-to-reality#.UKg4WeO_V7x|accessdate=18 November 2012|newspaper=Manila Bulletin|date=November 16, 2012}}</ref>

Revision as of 01:27, 1 March 2016

Manila Film Center
File:Manila film center.jpg
The front exterior of the Center
Map
General information
LocationPasay, Manila, Philippines
Coordinates14°33′02″N 120°58′55″E / 14.550556°N 120.981944°E / 14.550556; 120.981944
Construction started1981
Completed1982
Cost$25 million (USD)

The Manila Film Center is a national building located at the southwest end of the Cultural Center of the Philippines complex in Pasay, Philippines. The structure was designed by architect Froilan Hong where its edifice is supported on more than nine hundred piles[1] which reaches to the bed-rock about 120 feet below. The Manila Film Center served as the main theater for the First Manila International Film Festival[2] (MIFF) January 18–29, 1982. The building has also been the subject of controversies due to an accident that happened during the final stages of its construction in 1981.

History

Prior to the Manila Film Center, the Philippines did not have an official national film archive which is why on January 1981, then first lady Imelda Marcos spearheaded the building of the first Manila Center. Under the supervision of Betty Benitez, the spouse of then Deputy MHS Minister Jose Conrado Benitez, they organized a group to pursue the project. Ramon M. Ignacio, Senior Technology Officer at the Technology Resource Center, conceptualized the project and its various components. He likewise prepared the feasibility study. Among the Film Center's project components were: the 360-degree theater that will show images of past and present historical and tourism scenes for the future generations to see; the Film Financing/Loan Program that will address funding of meritable films, the Filipino Film Archiving using Digital Storage (though was little known during those times); Film Database/Information system; Film Making and Blow Up Laboratory; Viewing rooms for the Board of Censors and other minor sub-components. However, despite the futuristic and concept creativity of Ignacio, only two of the project components were actually done. Unesco's[3] assistance was invaluable in the design of the archives, so they were asked to be consultants of the project. Several ocular visits were done by Unesco in 1981 where they were responsible for major consultations needed in the structure's erection. The building was then designed to have two components[3] which were the auditoria and archives. According to Hong, the foundation was set on reclaimed[4] land near the Manila Bay. Since the deadline of the structure was tight, it required 4,000 workers, working in 3 shifts across 24 hours. One thousand workers constructed the lobby[5] in 72 hours, a job which would normally entail six weeks of labor. The Film Center opened in 1982 costing an estimate of $25 million.

Accident

An accident occurred around 3:00 a.m. on November 17, 1981 during the construction of the Manila Film Center. Its scaffolding[6] collapsed,[5][7] and at least 169[8][9][10] workers fell and were buried under quick-drying[11] wet cement. A blanket of security was immediately imposed by the Marcos administration, and neither rescuers nor ambulances were permitted[5] on the site until an official statement had been prepared. The rescuers were eventually permitted to go inside the accident site 9 hours after the collapse.

File:Manila Film Center at Dusk.JPG
The Manila Film Center at dusk, 2009

Aftermath

After the tragedy Prime Minister Cesar Virata disapproved a $5 million [12] subsidy which was originally intended for the film festival. Lacking in funding, Imelda then created a contingency plan that would generate enough funds to cover for the festival. A law was passed in the form of presidential decree 1986 (P.D. 1986) [13] which created a board of review for motion pictures and television. This entity was later known as Movie and Television Review and Classification Board[14] (MTRCB). This, in turn, relaxed censorship laws circumventing within the festival and paved the way for soft-porn films to be shown during the festival. P.D. 1986 also an exclusive exemption of films shown at the Manila Film Center from censorship. Ultimately, the building was finished in 1982 and on the opening night, the first film shown in the theater was the movie Gandhi. The event was attended by Ben Kingsley who played Mohandas K. Gandhi in the movie. Other celebrities in attendance were Robert Duvall and George Hamilton with Imelda Marcos who wore a Joe Salazar[15] matching black and green Filipiniana with a hemline filled with peacock feathers.

The First Manila Film Festival

Amidst everything, the first Manila International film festival pushed through from the 18th to the 29th of January 1982. A total of 17 movies competed in the festival [16] namely 36 Chowringhee Lane (India), Body Heat (USA), Gallipoli (Australia), Growing up (Line Iida) (Norway), Harry Tracy-Desperado (Canada), La Femme d'à côté (France), Lola (Germany), Los Viernes de la Eternidad (Argentina), Majstori, Majstori! (Yugoslavia), No Charges Filed (Egypt), Smash Palace (New Zealand), Take It All (Jetz Und Alles) (West Germany), The Beloved Woman of Mechanic Gavrilov (USSR), The French Lieutenant's Woman (Great Britain), There Was A War When I Was A Child (Japan), Vabank (Poland) and Wasted Lives (Hungary). Eventually it was India's entry, 36 Chowringhee Lane which would claim best picture while best actress and best actor were brought home by Lyudmila Gurchenko and Bruno Lawrence respectively. Yugoslav film director Goran Marković won best director.

Post 1990s

Sunset at Manila Film Center

After the 1990 earthquake[17] that hit Manila and the rest of Luzon, the center was abandoned[18] due to the building becoming unstable. In 2001, then CCP President Armita Rufino announced a full rehabilitation program for the deteriorating building. The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and the film center's architect, Hong, were part of the strategic planning session on how the structure was to be renovated. The rehabilitation cost estimate in 2001 was approximately 300 million pesos[18] which was considered economical rather than building; a new one would have cost 1.8 billion pesos.

After its renovation was completed, CPACEAI[19] leased the theatre from the Philippine government in October 2001. On December 10, 2001, the Amazing Show, produced by Amazing Philippines Theatre,[20] opened to the public. All of the performers in the show were transgender.[21][22] Their lease expired in 2009, which forced the show to move to another facility.

The Philippine Senate[6] explored moving from the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) building in Pasay City, located only a few meters away to the film center but several objections were raised and the move never happened.[23] As of November 2012, the Amazing Philippine Theatre is again performing in the space.[24]

On 19 February 2013, a three-hour fire damaged the film center. There were no reported casualties but damage was placed at 1.2 million pesos.[25]

Urban legend

The Manila Film Center is said to be haunted[26] due to the accident that took place in the construction of the structure.[24] It has been speculated that due to the 9 hours that passed before rescuers were allowed in the site, some of the workers were entombed alive[15] and that the bodies were left in the hardened concrete slabs.[24] In 2005, GMA Network's i-Witness interviewed workers, families who lost loved ones, and even the contractor, but no substantive conclusion whether there are really bodies buried in the cement was reached.[27]

In the 2010 Filipino film The Red Shoes, part of the plot hinges on the supposed death of the father of the main character, Lucas, played by Marvin Agustin, who was supposed to have been among the 169 workers buried alive in the accident at the construction of the Manila Film Center. The film also featured a spiritualist, Madame Vange, played by Tessie Tomas who performs in the Manila Film Center as an impersonator of First Lady Imelda Marcos.

In the graphic novel, The Filipino Heroes League, the building was transformed from the Film Center to the FHL's headquarters. The building was once respectable and housed the old members of the League. After a while, their leader, Supremo, went into a coma and soon after, most of the superheroes who were once part of the League went abroad. Less than a handful of superheroes remain and continue to conduct their superhero work in a shack in front of the now run down Film Center.

Tragic Theater

Filipino author Gilbert M. Coronel released a novel entitled Tragic Theater in 2009. The book first tells of the 1981 incident. It heads to 1999 when the government's plan to build an IMAX theater in the structure is handed to Department of Tourism coordinator named Anne Marie "Annie" Francisco. The first priority is to rid the place of the trapped souls so she seeks the help of a priest Fr. Marcelo, known for his radical cleansing methods and a group of spirit communicators. Anne and Fr. Marcelo lead the group in their mission only to discover too late that an evil presence took sanctuary inside the building long ago and fed on the anger and misery of the victims' souls. A bishop later helps with the task when Anne is possessed by the evil entity.

A film adaption of Coronel's novel premiered on January 8, 2015. It stars Andi Eigenmann as DOT coordinator Anne, John Estrada as priest Fr. Marcelo, and Christopher de Leon as the bishop. The film however changes a few names; like the exorcism priest Fr. Marcelo is renamed Fr. Nilo. It is noted, however, that the actual Manila Film Center was not used for filming. The AFP Museum and Multi-Purpose Theater in Camp Aguinaldo doubled or filled in for the Manila Film Center's main theater and interiors.

Both the novel and movie are loosely based on and inspired by the 1981 incident and the late 1990s Spirit Questors' visit to the place.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Manila National Film Centre, Page 2, Annex 1, Building Specification" (PDF). Unesco. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
  2. ^ "MIFF Press Release". Open Library, Published in 1982, Office of Media Affairs (Manila). Retrieved 2009-01-16.
  3. ^ a b "Manila National Film Centre, Page 1, Annex 1, History" (PDF). Unesco. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
  4. ^ "Manila Film Center Shines again". Philippine Headline News Online (Newsflash). Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  5. ^ a b c Lico, Gerard (2003). Edifice complex: power, myth, and Marcos state architecture (edition (January 2003) ed.). HI: University of Hawaii Press; illustrated edition. pp. 124 of 178. ISBN 978-971-550-435-5. Retrieved 2009-12-14Template:Inconsistent citations{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) Cite error: The named reference "source" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b "Senate eyes Film Center as new home". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
  7. ^ "Where Spirits Roam". Rogue Magazine, October 2009 Issue.
  8. ^ Benedicto, Bobby (2003). "Shared Spaces of Transnational Transit: Filipino Gay Tourists, Labour Migrants, and the Borders of Class Difference". Asian Studies Review. 33 (3) (Volume 33, Issue 3 September 2009 ed.). Asian Studies Review, Volume 33, Issue 3 September 2009: 289 of 178. doi:10.1080/10357820903153715. Retrieved 2010-01-18Template:Inconsistent citations{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  9. ^ "Shared Spaces of Transnational Transit: Filipino Gay Tourists, Labour Migrants, and the Borders of Class Difference". Bobby Benedicto, DOI 10.1080/10357820903153715. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
  10. ^ "Max Soliven: By the Way". Philippine Star. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
  11. ^ "Sculpting Society". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
  12. ^ Ellison, Katherine (2003). Imelda, Steel Butterfly of the Philippines (edition (January 2003) ed.). HI: Mcgraw-Hill (October 1988). pp. 33 of 301. ISBN 978-0-07-019335-2. Retrieved 2010-01-18DOCTYPETemplate:Inconsistent citations {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  13. ^ "List of PD 1950-2000". Chan Robles Law. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
  14. ^ "Presidential Decree No. 1986". Chan Robles Law. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
  15. ^ a b "Manila Film Center to Shine Again". Manila News. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  16. ^ "Manila International Film Festival, January 18–29, 1982" (edition (January 2003) ed.). HI: Office of Media Affairs (Manila). 1982. LCCN 82208378. OCLC PN1993.4 .M27 1982. Retrieved 2009-12-14Template:Inconsistent citations {{cite journal}}: Check |oclc= value (help); Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  17. ^ "The July 16 Luzon Earthquake: A Technical Monograph". Inter-Agency Committee for Documenting and Establishing Database on the July 1990 Earthquake. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. 2001. Retrieved 2009-01-07. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  18. ^ a b "Manila Film Center Shines again". News Flash. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  19. ^ "Manila Film Center Shines again" (PDF). Amazing Philippines Facts. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 7, 2011. Retrieved 2010-01-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Amazing Philippines Theatre". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  21. ^ "Amazing Philippine Theater comes to Boracay". The Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  22. ^ "An Amazing night of beauties". The Manila Standard. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  23. ^ "Senate transfer to Film Center bucked". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
  24. ^ a b c LAPARAN II, LEO ORTEGA (November 16, 2012). "The '81 Film Center Tragedy: When Mystery Turns To Reality". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  25. ^ Jaymee T. Gamil (20 February 2013). "Film Center fire halts gay show". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 20 February 2013.
  26. ^ "Manila Film Center". Spot Ph. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  27. ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oe8k4_qsTA, retrieved 2015-09-04 {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
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