Isotopes of yttrium: Difference between revisions

Isotopes of yttrium (₃₉Y)
γ	–
γ	–
γ	–
γ	–
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Y)
	88.905838±0.000002; 88.906±0.001 (abridged);
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Natural yttrium (₃₉Y) is composed of a single isotope yttrium-89. The most stable radioisotopes are ⁸⁸Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days and ⁹¹Y with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except ⁸⁷Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and ⁹⁰Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable ⁸⁹Y is electron capture and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Twenty-six unstable isotopes have been characterized.

⁹⁰Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90, which is a product of nuclear fission.

List of isotopes

nuclide symbol	Z(p)	N(n)	isotopic mass (u)	half-life	decay mode(s)^[3]^{[n 1]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 2]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)
nuclide symbol	excitation energy			half-life	decay mode(s)^[3]^{[n 1]}	daughter isotope(s)^{[n 2]}	nuclear spin	representative isotopic composition (mole fraction)
⁷⁶Y	39	37	75.95845(54)#	500# ns [>170 ns]
⁷⁷Y	39	38	76.94965(7)#	63(17) ms	p (>99.9%)	⁷⁶Sr	5/2+#
⁷⁷Y	39	38	76.94965(7)#	63(17) ms	β⁺ (<.1%)	⁷⁷Sr	5/2+#
⁷⁸Y	39	39	77.94361(43)#	54(5) ms	β⁺	⁷⁸Sr	(0+)
^78mY	0(500)# keV			5.8(5) s			5+#
⁷⁹Y	39	40	78.93735(48)	14.8(6) s	β⁺ (>99.9%)	⁷⁹Sr	(5/2+)#
⁷⁹Y	39	40	78.93735(48)	14.8(6) s	β⁺, p (<.1%)	⁷⁸Rb	(5/2+)#
⁸⁰Y	39	41	79.93428(19)	30.1(5) s	β⁺	⁸⁰Sr	4−
^80m1Y	228.5(1) keV			4.8(3) s			(1−)
^80m2Y	312.6(9) keV			4.7(3) µs			(2+)
⁸¹Y	39	42	80.92913(7)	70.4(10) s	β⁺	⁸¹Sr	(5/2+)
⁸²Y	39	43	81.92679(11)	8.30(20) s	β⁺	⁸²Sr	1+
^82m1Y	402.63(14) keV			268(25) ns			4−
^82m2Y	507.50(13) keV			147(7) ns			6+
⁸³Y	39	44	82.92235(5)	7.08(6) min	β⁺	⁸³Sr	9/2+
^83mY	61.98(11) keV			2.85(2) min	β⁺ (60%)	⁸³Sr	(3/2−)
^83mY	61.98(11) keV			2.85(2) min	IT (40%)	⁸³Y	(3/2−)
⁸⁴Y	39	45	83.92039(10)	4.6(2) s	β⁺	⁸⁴Sr	1+
^84mY	−80(190) keV			39.5(8) min	β⁺	⁸⁴Sr	(5−)
⁸⁵Y	39	46	84.916433(20)	2.68(5) h	β⁺	⁸⁵Sr	(1/2)−
^85m1Y	19.8(5) keV			4.86(13) h	β⁺ (99.998%)	⁸⁵Sr	9/2+
^85m1Y	19.8(5) keV			4.86(13) h	IT (.002%)	⁸⁵Y	9/2+
^85m2Y	266.30(20) keV			178(6) ns			5/2−
⁸⁶Y	39	47	85.914886(15)	14.74(2) h	β⁺	⁸⁶Sr	4−
^86m1Y	218.30(20) keV			48(1) min	IT (99.31%)	⁸⁶Y	(8+)
^86m1Y	218.30(20) keV			48(1) min	β⁺ (.69%)	⁸⁶Sr	(8+)
^86m2Y	302.2(5) keV			125(6) ns			(7−)
⁸⁷Y	39	48	86.9108757(17)	79.8(3) h	β⁺	⁸⁷Sr	1/2−
^87mY	380.82(7) keV			13.37(3) h	IT (98.43%)	⁸⁷Y	9/2+
^87mY	380.82(7) keV			13.37(3) h	β⁺ (1.56%)	⁸⁷Sr	9/2+
⁸⁸Y	39	49	87.9095011(20)	106.616(13) d	β⁺	⁸⁸Sr	4−
^88m1Y	674.55(4) keV			13.9(2) ms	IT	⁸⁸Y	(8)+
^88m2Y	392.86(9) keV			300(3) µs			1+
⁸⁹Y^{[n 3]}	39	50	88.9058483(27)	Stable			1/2−	1.0000
^89mY	908.97(3) keV			15.663(5) s	IT	⁸⁹Y	9/2+
⁹⁰Y^{[n 3]}	39	51	89.9071519(27)	64.053(20) h	β⁻	⁹⁰Zr	2−
^90mY	681.67(10) keV			3.19(6) h	IT (99.99%)	⁹⁰Y	7+
^90mY	681.67(10) keV			3.19(6) h	β⁻ (.0018%)	⁹⁰Zr	7+
⁹¹Y^{[n 3]}	39	52	90.907305(3)	58.51(6) d	β⁻	⁹¹Zr	1/2−
^91mY	555.58(5) keV			49.71(4) min	IT (98.5%)	⁹¹Y	9/2+
^91mY	555.58(5) keV			49.71(4) min	β⁻ (1.5%)	⁹¹Zr	9/2+
⁹²Y	39	53	91.908949(10)	3.54(1) h	β⁻	⁹²Zr	2−
⁹³Y	39	54	92.909583(11)	10.18(8) h	β⁻	⁹³Zr	1/2−
^93mY	758.719(21) keV			820(40) ms	IT	⁹³Y	7/2+
⁹⁴Y	39	55	93.911595(8)	18.7(1) min	β⁻	⁹⁴Zr	2−
⁹⁵Y	39	56	94.912821(8)	10.3(1) min	β⁻	⁹⁵Zr	1/2−
⁹⁶Y	39	57	95.915891(25)	5.34(5) s	β⁻	⁹⁶Zr	0−
^96mY	1140(30) keV			9.6(2) s	β⁻	⁹⁶Zr	(8)+
⁹⁷Y	39	58	96.918134(13)	3.75(3) s	β⁻ (99.942%)	⁹⁷Zr	(1/2−)
⁹⁷Y	39	58	96.918134(13)	3.75(3) s	β⁻, n (.058%)	⁹⁶Zr	(1/2−)
^97m1Y	667.51(23) keV			1.17(3) s	β⁻ (99.3%)	⁹⁷Zr	(9/2)+
					IT (.7%)	⁹⁷Y
					β⁻, n (.08%)	⁹⁶Zr
^97m2Y	3523.3(4) keV			142(8) ms			(27/2−)
⁹⁸Y	39	59	97.922203(26)	0.548(2) s	β⁻ (99.669%)	⁹⁸Zr	(0)−
⁹⁸Y	39	59	97.922203(26)	0.548(2) s	β⁻, n (.331%)	⁹⁷Zr	(0)−
^98m1Y	170.74(6) keV			620(80) ns			(2)−
^98m2Y	410(30) keV			2.0(2) s	β⁻ (86.6%)	⁹⁸Zr	(5+,4−)
					IT (10%)	⁹⁸Y
					β⁻, n (3.4%)	⁹⁷Zr
^98m3Y	496.19(15) keV			7.6(4) µs			(2−)
^98m4Y	1181.1(4) keV			0.83(10) µs			(8−)
⁹⁹Y	39	60	98.924636(26)	1.470(7) s	β⁻ (98.1%)	⁹⁹Zr	(5/2+)
⁹⁹Y	39	60	98.924636(26)	1.470(7) s	β⁻, n (1.9%)	⁹⁸Zr	(5/2+)
^99mY	2141.65(19) keV			8.6(8) µs			(17/2+)
¹⁰⁰Y	39	61	99.92776(8)	735(7) ms	β⁻ (98.98%)	¹⁰⁰Zr	1−,2−
¹⁰⁰Y	39	61	99.92776(8)	735(7) ms	β⁻, n (1.02%)	⁹⁹Zr	1−,2−
^100mY	200(200)# keV			940(30) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁰Zr	(3,4,5)(+#)
¹⁰¹Y	39	62	100.93031(10)	426(20) ms	β⁻ (98.06%)	¹⁰¹Zr	(5/2+)
¹⁰¹Y	39	62	100.93031(10)	426(20) ms	β⁻, n (1.94%)	¹⁰⁰Zr	(5/2+)
¹⁰²Y	39	63	101.93356(9)	0.30(1) s	β⁻ (95.1%)	¹⁰²Zr
¹⁰²Y	39	63	101.93356(9)	0.30(1) s	β⁻, n (4.9%)	¹⁰¹Zr
^102mY	200(200)# keV			360(40) ms	β⁻ (94%)	¹⁰²Zr	high
^102mY	200(200)# keV			360(40) ms	β⁻, n (6%)	¹⁰¹Zr	high
¹⁰³Y	39	64	102.93673(32)#	224(19) ms	β⁻ (91.7%)	¹⁰³Zr	5/2+#
¹⁰³Y	39	64	102.93673(32)#	224(19) ms	β⁻, n (8.3%)	¹⁰²Zr	5/2+#
¹⁰⁴Y	39	65	103.94105(43)#	180(60) ms	β⁻	¹⁰⁴Zr
¹⁰⁵Y	39	66	104.94487(54)#	60# ms [>300 ns]	β⁻	¹⁰⁵Zr	5/2+#
¹⁰⁶Y	39	67	105.94979(75)#	50# ms [>300 ns]	β⁻	¹⁰⁶Zr
¹⁰⁷Y	39	68	106.95414(54)#	30# ms [>300 ns]			5/2+#
¹⁰⁸Y	39	69	107.95948(86)#	20# ms [>300 ns]

^ Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition
^ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
^ ^a ^b ^c Fission product

Notes

Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.

References

^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |registration= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)

Isotope masses from:
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help)
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
- G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
- N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |nopp= ignored (|no-pp= suggested) (help)
- E. V. Marathe (July 1955). "The Half-Life of Yttrium-90". Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (Vol 14B ed.). The Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi: 354–355.

[4] Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
IT: Isomeric transition

[5] Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)

[FP-6] Fission product

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[3] "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |registration= ignored (|url-access= suggested) (help)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[n 1]

[n 2]

[n 3]

@@ Line 640: / Line 640: @@
 <references />
 * Isotope masses from:
-**{{cite journal |author=G. Audi |author2=A. H. Wapstra |author3=C. Thibault |author4=J. Blachot |author5=O. Bersillon |year=2003 |title=The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |journal=[[Nuclear Physics A]] |volume=729 |issue= |pages=3–128 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 |bibcode=2003NuPhA.729....3A}}
+**{{cite journal|author=G. Audi |author2=A. H. Wapstra |author3=C. Thibault |author4=J. Blachot |author5=O. Bersillon |year=2003 |title=The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |journal=[[Nuclear Physics A]] |volume=729 |issue= |pages=3–128 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 |bibcode=2003NuPhA.729....3A |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923135135/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |archivedate=2008-09-23 |df= }}
 * Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
 **{{cite journal |author=J. R. de Laeter |author2=J. K. Böhlke |author3=P. De Bièvre |author4=H. Hidaka |author5=H. S. Peiser |author6=K. J. R. Rosman |author7=P. D. P. Taylor |year=2003 |title=Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) |url=http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/75/6/0683/pdf/ |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=683–800 |doi=10.1351/pac200375060683}}
 **{{cite journal |author=M. E. Wieser |year=2006 |title=Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report) |url=http://iupac.org/publications/pac/78/11/2051/pdf/ |journal=[[Pure and Applied Chemistry]] |volume=78 |issue=11 |pages=2051–2066 |doi=10.1351/pac200678112051 |laysummary=http://old.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html}}
 * Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on [[Talk:Isotopes of yttrium|this article's talk page]].
-**{{cite journal |author=G. Audi |author2=A. H. Wapstra |author3=C. Thibault |author4=J. Blachot |author5=O. Bersillon |year=2003 |title=The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |journal=[[Nuclear Physics A]] |volume=729 |issue= |pages=3–128 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 |bibcode=2003NuPhA.729....3A}}
+**{{cite journal|author=G. Audi |author2=A. H. Wapstra |author3=C. Thibault |author4=J. Blachot |author5=O. Bersillon |year=2003 |title=The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |journal=[[Nuclear Physics A]] |volume=729 |issue= |pages=3–128 |doi=10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001 |bibcode=2003NuPhA.729....3A |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080923135135/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf |archivedate=2008-09-23 |df= }}
 **{{cite web |author=[[National Nuclear Data Center]] |year= |title=NuDat 2.1 database |url=http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ |publisher=[[Brookhaven National Laboratory]] |accessdate=September 2005}}
 **{{cite book |author=N. E. Holden |year=2004 |editor=D. R. Lide |chapter=Table of the Isotopes |title=[[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] |page=Section 11 |nopp=yes |edition=85th |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-0-8493-0485-9}}