Jump to content

Yonkoma: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Line 1: Line 1:
[[image:Yonkoma.gif|thumb|right|150px|Traditional Yonkoma layout]]
[[image:Yonkoma.gif|thumb|right|150px|Traditional Yonkoma layout]]
{{nihongo|'''Yonkoma manga'''|4コマ漫画||"four cell [[manga]]", or '''4-koma''' for short}} is a [[comic strips|comic strip]] format in which [[panel (comics)|panels]] of equal size appear ordered from top to bottom. They also sometimes run right-to-left horizontally or use a hybrid 2×2 style, depending on the layout requirements of the publication in which they appear. The format is generally used for [[Gag cartoon|gag comic strips]].
{{nihongo|'''Yonkoma manga'''|4コマ漫画||"four cell [[manga]]", or '''4-koma''' for short}} is a Japanese [[comic strips|comic strip]] format in which [[panel (comics)|panels]] of equal size appear ordered from top to bottom. They also sometimes run right-to-left horizontally or use a hybrid 2×2 style, depending on the layout requirements of the publication in which they appear. The format is generally used for [[Gag cartoon|gag comic strips]].


Though the word ''yonkoma'' comes from the [[Japanese language|Japanese]], the style also exists outside Japan<ref>[http://www.ericeiramag.pt/aprenda-a-desenhar-yonkomas-com-a-ericeira-bd/ "APRENDA A DESENHAR YONKOMAS COM A ERICEIRA "]</ref> in other [[Asia]]n countries as well as in the [[English-speaking]] market (particularly in mid-20th century [[United States]] strips, where ''[[Peanuts]]'' popularized the format;<ref name="Walker">{{cite book|title=The comics: since 1945|first=Brian|last=Walker|year=2002|publisher=Harry N. Abrams, Inc.|location=New York}}</ref> most strips there, including the last several years of ''Peanuts'', have since moved to a three-panel format).
Though the word ''yonkoma'' comes from the [[Japanese language|Japanese]], the style also exists outside Japan<ref>[http://www.ericeiramag.pt/aprenda-a-desenhar-yonkomas-com-a-ericeira-bd/ "APRENDA A DESENHAR YONKOMAS COM A ERICEIRA "]</ref> in other [[Asia]]n countries as well as in the [[English-speaking]] market (particularly in mid-20th century [[United States]] strips, where ''[[Peanuts]]'' popularized the format;<ref name="Walker">{{cite book|title=The comics: since 1945|first=Brian|last=Walker|year=2002|publisher=Harry N. Abrams, Inc.|location=New York}}</ref> most strips there, including the last several years of ''Peanuts'', have since moved to a three-panel format).

Revision as of 12:50, 10 January 2018

Traditional Yonkoma layout

Yonkoma manga (4コマ漫画, "four cell manga", or 4-koma for short) is a Japanese comic strip format in which panels of equal size appear ordered from top to bottom. They also sometimes run right-to-left horizontally or use a hybrid 2×2 style, depending on the layout requirements of the publication in which they appear. The format is generally used for gag comic strips.

Though the word yonkoma comes from the Japanese, the style also exists outside Japan[1] in other Asian countries as well as in the English-speaking market (particularly in mid-20th century United States strips, where Peanuts popularized the format;[2] most strips there, including the last several years of Peanuts, have since moved to a three-panel format).

Origin

Rakuten Kitazawa (who wrote under the name Yasuji Kitazawa) produced the first yonkoma in 1902.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Entitled "Jiji Manga", it was thought to have been influenced by the works of Frank Arthur Nankivell and of Frederick Burr Opper. Jiji Manga appeared in the Sunday edition.[which?]

Structure

Traditionally, Yonkoma follow a structure known as Kishōtenketsu. This word is a compound formed from the following Japanese Kanji characters:

  • Ki (起):The first panel forms the basis of the story; it sets the scene.
  • Shō (承): The second panel develops upon the foundation of the story laid down in the first panel.
  • Ten (転): The third panel is the climax, in which an unforeseen development occurs.
  • Ketsu (結): The fourth panel is the conclusion, in which the effects of the third panel are seen.[15]

Uses

These comic strips appear in almost all types of publications in Japan, including manga magazines, graphic novels, the comics section of newspapers, game magazines, cooking magazines, and so forth. The plot often ends within the four panels; although some serial development may pass on to future installments, creating a more continuous story. Some Yonkoma also tackle serious topics, though most do so with humor. Some manga occasionally use yonkoma, usually at the end of a chapter or bound volume, as a non-canon joke to complement the story.

See also

  • Kishōtenketsu – A writing technique specific to 4-panel comics
  • Jo-ha-kyū – A type of three-act structure found in many traditional Japanese narrative forms

References

  1. ^ "APRENDA A DESENHAR YONKOMAS COM A ERICEIRA "
  2. ^ Walker, Brian (2002). The comics: since 1945. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
  3. ^ Carolin Fischer,'Mangaka,Unknown date of publication, "http://www.mangaka.co.uk/?page=yonkoma", 2009-10-29
  4. ^ Yonkoma, "https://memim.com/yonkoma.html"
  5. ^ 12. ARE YON-KOMA MANGA COMIC STRIPS?, "https://whatismanga.wordpress.com/2013/05/20/12-are-yon-koma-manga-comic-strips/"
  6. ^ 浚言浚語: Day 352: 四格漫畫, "http://jeffreyfactcorner.blogspot.jp/2011/02/day-352.html"
  7. ^ 百年“卡通”簡史：歐美的創舉與日本的驕傲
  8. ^ 我們來聊聊日本動漫的發展史
  9. ^ http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/reaction-guys-gaijin-4koma?full=1 Yonkoma (4-pane Comics)
  10. ^ https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=FxUZHy9MXgoC&pg=PT226&lpg=PT226&dq=yonkoma+origin&source=bl&ots=LHMvh6Teg1&sig=xRiegD4UdNvhLuqqD6l0ycQZM7w&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjR1qet6djXAhXEXbwKHR5PAmoQ6AEIaTAS#v=onepage&q=yonkoma%20origin&f=false I.V.1.2 Kawaii in manga and anime
  11. ^ http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/vertical-comics?full=1 Yonkoma Origin
  12. ^ http://deacademic.com/dic.nsf/dewiki/1537722 Yonkoma
  13. ^ https://kamitranslation.wordpress.com/manga/4-koma/ 4-KOMA Kami Translation
  14. ^ Yonkoma introduction"http://wikipedia.qwika.com/de2en/Yonkoma"
  15. ^ Carolin Fischer,'Mangaka,Unknown date of publication, "http://www.mangaka.co.uk/?page=yonkoma", 2009-10-29
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yonkoma&oldid=819632361"