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[[File:Entandrophragma candollei MHNT.BOT.2006.0.1294.jpg|thumb|''Entandrophragma candollei'' - [[MHNT]]]]
[[File:Entandrophragma candollei MHNT.BOT.2006.0.1294.jpg|thumb|''Entandrophragma candollei'' - [[MHNT]]]]


'''''Entandrophragma''''' is a genus of twelve known species of [[deciduous]] [[tree]]s in the [[mahogany]] family [[Meliaceae]].
'''''Entandrophragma''''' is a genus of twelve known species of [[deciduous]] [[tree]]s in the mahogany family [[Meliaceae]], restricted to tropical [[Africa]].<ref name="Kubitzki2010">{{cite book|author=Klaus Kubitzki|title=Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_hHvYeQYTTEC&pg=PA194|date=10 December 2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-14397-7|pages=194–}}</ref><ref name="C.DC.">Entandrophragma C. DC. in Bull. Herb. Boissier 2:582 t.21 (1894)</ref> At least some of the species attain large sizes, reaching 40–50 m tall, exceptionally 60 m, and 2 m in trunk diameter. The [[leaf|leaves]] are pinnate, with 5-9 pairs of leaflets, each leaflet 8–10&nbsp;cm long with an acuminate tip. The [[flower]]s are produced in loose [[inflorescence]]s, each flower small, with five yellowish [[petal]]s about 2&nbsp;mm long, and ten [[stamen]]s. The [[fruit]] is a five-valved [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] containing numerous winged [[seed]]s. In 2016 a specimen of ''[[Entandrophragma excelsum]]'' towering more than 80 m was identified at [[Kilimanjaro]].<ref>https://www.newscientist.com/article/2114073-africas-tallest-tree-measuring-81m-found-on-mount-kilimanjaro</ref>

==Description==
Entandrophragma is restricted to tropical [[Africa]].<ref name="Kubitzki2010">{{cite book|author=Klaus Kubitzki|title=Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_hHvYeQYTTEC&pg=PA194|date=10 December 2010|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-14397-7|pages=194–}}</ref><ref name="C.DC.">Entandrophragma C. DC. in Bull. Herb. Boissier 2:582 t.21 (1894)</ref>
At least some of the species attain large sizes, reaching 40–50 m tall, exceptionally 60 m, and 2 m in trunk diameter. In 2016 a specimen of ''[[Entandrophragma excelsum]]'' towering more than 80 m was identified at [[Kilimanjaro]].<ref>https://www.newscientist.com/article/2114073-africas-tallest-tree-measuring-81m-found-on-mount-kilimanjaro</ref>

The [[leaf|leaves]] are pinnate, with 5-9 pairs of leaflets, each leaflet 8–10&nbsp;cm long with an acuminate tip. The [[flower]]s are produced in loose [[inflorescence]]s, each flower small, with five yellowish [[petal]]s about 2&nbsp;mm long, and ten [[stamen]]s. The [[fruit]] is a five-valved [[capsule (fruit)|capsule]] containing numerous winged [[seed]]s.


==Species==
==Species==
* ''[[Entandrophragma angolense]] -'' '''African mahogany''' <small> ([[Friedrich Welwitsch|Welw.]]) [[Casimir de Candolle|C.DC.]] </small>
* ''[[Entandrophragma angolense]] -'' '''Tiama''' <small> ([[Friedrich Welwitsch|Welw.]]) [[Casimir de Candolle|C.DC.]] </small>
* ''[[Entandrophragma bussei]]'' <small> [[Hermann Harms|Harms]] ex [[Adolf Engler|Engl.]] </small>
* ''[[Entandrophragma bussei]]'' <small> [[Hermann Harms|Harms]] ex [[Adolf Engler|Engl.]] </small>
* ''[[Entandrophragma candollei]]'' - '''Kosipo''' <small> Harms </small>
* ''[[Entandrophragma candollei]]'' - '''Kosipo''' <small> Harms </small>
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* ''[[Entandrophragma pierrei]]'' <small> [[Auguste Chevalier|A.Chev.]] </small>
* ''[[Entandrophragma pierrei]]'' <small> [[Auguste Chevalier|A.Chev.]] </small>
* ''[[Entandrophragma spicatum]]'' <small> ([[Casimir de Candolle|C.DC.]]) [[Thomas Archibald Sprague|Sprague]] </small>
* ''[[Entandrophragma spicatum]]'' <small> ([[Casimir de Candolle|C.DC.]]) [[Thomas Archibald Sprague|Sprague]] </small>
* ''[[Entandrophragma utile]]'' - '''Sipo''' <small> (Dawe & [[Thomas Archibald Sprague|Sprague]]) [[Thomas Archibald Sprague|Sprague]] </small>
* ''[[Entandrophragma utile]]'' - '''Sipo''' or '''Utile''' <small> (Dawe & [[Thomas Archibald Sprague|Sprague]]) [[Thomas Archibald Sprague|Sprague]] </small>


==Uses==
==Uses==
The [[timber]] of a few species is well known. These are traded under separate names and can be used more or less like [[mahogany]], with that of ''[[Entandrophragma cylindricum]]'' perhaps closest to a mahogany-type wood. The wood has a density of 660&nbsp;kg per cubic meter.<ref>[http://www.nichetimbers.co.uk/african-hardwood/utile/ Utile]. Niche Timbers. Accessed 20-09-2009.</ref>
The [[timber]] of a few species is traded as a tropical [[hardwood]]. It is sometimes termed under the generic label of ''mahogany'', and while ''Entandrophragma'' is part of the ''Meliaceae'' family, it is not classified as [[Swietenia|genuine mahogany]]. The species shares many of the characteristics of genuine mahogany and is used as an alternative, with ''[[Sapele]]'' and ''Utile'' in particular bearing close resemblence.<ref>[http://www.nichetimbers.co.uk/african-hardwood/utile/ Utile]. Niche Timbers. Accessed 20-09-2009.</ref><ref>[https://www.wood-database.com/wood-articles/mahogany-mixups-the-lowdown/ Mahogany Mixups: the Lowdown - The Wood Database]</ref>


==References==
==References==
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q133937}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q133937}}
{{Woodworking}}

[[Category:Flora of Africa]]
[[Category:Flora of Africa]]
[[Category:Sapindales genera]]
[[Category:Sapindales genera]]

Revision as of 13:19, 9 August 2018

Entandrophragma
Sapele Tree
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Meliaceae
Subfamily: Cedreloideae
Genus: Entandrophragma
C. DC.
Species

See text.

Entandrophragma candollei - MHNT

Entandrophragma is a genus of twelve known species of deciduous trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae.

Description

Entandrophragma is restricted to tropical Africa.[1][2] At least some of the species attain large sizes, reaching 40–50 m tall, exceptionally 60 m, and 2 m in trunk diameter. In 2016 a specimen of Entandrophragma excelsum towering more than 80 m was identified at Kilimanjaro.[3]

The leaves are pinnate, with 5-9 pairs of leaflets, each leaflet 8–10 cm long with an acuminate tip. The flowers are produced in loose inflorescences, each flower small, with five yellowish petals about 2 mm long, and ten stamens. The fruit is a five-valved capsule containing numerous winged seeds.

Species

Uses

The timber of a few species is traded as a tropical hardwood. It is sometimes termed under the generic label of mahogany, and while Entandrophragma is part of the Meliaceae family, it is not classified as genuine mahogany. The species shares many of the characteristics of genuine mahogany and is used as an alternative, with Sapele and Utile in particular bearing close resemblence.[4][5]

References

  1. ^ Klaus Kubitzki (10 December 2010). Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 194–. ISBN 978-3-642-14397-7.
  2. ^ Entandrophragma C. DC. in Bull. Herb. Boissier 2:582 t.21 (1894)
  3. ^ https://www.newscientist.com/article/2114073-africas-tallest-tree-measuring-81m-found-on-mount-kilimanjaro
  4. ^ Utile. Niche Timbers. Accessed 20-09-2009.
  5. ^ Mahogany Mixups: the Lowdown - The Wood Database
Tiama Entandrophragma angolense
Kosipo Entandrophragma candollei
Sapeli Entandrophragma cylindricum
Sipo (Utile) Entandrophragma utile
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