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the table was inaccurate, as the article itself explains only Slovenia was unrecognized at the time. Both Lithuania and Ukraine had already been recognized by a number of key countries at the time they recognized Croatia.
and the EU was at the time still the EEC.
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| 4 || {{flag icon|LAT}} [[Latvia]] || 14 December 1991||
| 4 || {{flag icon|LAT}} [[Latvia]] || 14 December 1991||
|-
|-
| 5 || {{flag icon|ISL}} '''[[Iceland]]''' || '''14 December 1991'''||
| 5 || {{flag icon|ISL}} '''[[Iceland]]''' || '''14 December 1991'''|| Fully recognized; Member of [[NATO]]
Fully recognized; Member of [[NATO]]
|-
|-
| 6 || {{flag icon|EST}} [[Estonia]] || 31 December 1991||
| 6 || {{flag icon|EST}} [[Estonia]] || 31 December 1991||
Line 45: Line 44:
|-
|-
| 9 || {{flag icon|DE}} [[Germany]] || 15 January 1992||
| 9 || {{flag icon|DE}} [[Germany]] || 15 January 1992||
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[EU]] and [[NATO]]
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[European Economic Community]] and [[NATO]]
|-
|-
| 10 || {{flag icon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] || 15 January 1992||
| 10 || {{flag icon|UK}} [[United Kingdom]] || 15 January 1992||
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[EU]] and [[NATO]]
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[European Economic Community]] and [[NATO]]
|-
|-
| 11 || {{flag icon|ITA}} [[Italy]] || 15 January 1992||
| 11 || {{flag icon|ITA}} [[Italy]] || 15 January 1992||
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[EU]] and [[NATO]]
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[European Economic Community]] and [[NATO]]
|-
|-
| 12 || {{flag icon|FRA}} [[France]] || 15 January 1992||
| 12 || {{flag icon|FRA}} [[France]] || 15 January 1992||
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[EU]] and [[NATO]]
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[European Economic Community]] and [[NATO]]
|-
|-
| 13 || {{flag icon|ESP}} [[Spain]] || 15 January 1992||
| 13 || {{flag icon|ESP}} [[Spain]] || 15 January 1992||
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[EU]] and [[NATO]]
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[European Economic Community]] and [[NATO]]
|-
|-
| 14 || {{flag|Netherlands}} || 15 January 1992||
| 14 || {{flag|Netherlands}} || 15 January 1992||
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[EU]] and [[NATO]]
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[European Economic Community]] and [[NATO]]
|-
|-
| 15 || {{flag|Denmark}} || 15 January 1992||
| 15 || {{flag|Denmark}} || 15 January 1992||
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[EU]] and [[NATO]]
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[European Economic Community]] and [[NATO]]
|-
|-
| 16 || {{flag icon|BEL}} [[Belgium]] || 15 January 1992||
| 16 || {{flag icon|BEL}} [[Belgium]] || 15 January 1992||
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[EU]] and [[NATO]]
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[European Economic Community]] and [[NATO]]
|-
|-
| 17 || {{flag icon|IRL}} [[Ireland]] || 15 January 1992||
| 17 || {{flag icon|IRL}} [[Ireland]] || 15 January 1992||
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[EU]]
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[European Economic Community]]
|-
|-
| 18 || {{flag icon|LUX}} [[Luxembourg]] || 15 January 1992||
| 18 || {{flag icon|LUX}} [[Luxembourg]] || 15 January 1992||
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[EU]] and [[NATO]]
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[European Economic Community]] and [[NATO]]
|-
|-
| 19 || {{flag icon|POR}} [[Portugal]] || 15 January 1992||
| 19 || {{flag icon|POR}} [[Portugal]] || 15 January 1992||
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[EU]] and [[NATO]]
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[European Economic Community]] and [[NATO]]
|-
|-
| 20 || {{flag|Greece}} || 15 January 1992||
| 20 || {{flag|Greece}} || 15 January 1992||
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[EU]] and [[NATO]]
[[File:Flag of the European Union.svg|22px]] Member of the [[European Economic Community]] and [[NATO]]
|-
|-
| 21 || {{flag icon|AUT}} [[Austria]] || 15 January 1992|| Member of [[EFTA]]
| 21 || {{flag icon|AUT}} [[Austria]] || 15 January 1992|| Member of [[EFTA]]

Revision as of 01:49, 26 August 2018

  Croatia
  Countries that have recognized Croatia
  Countries that haven't recognized Croatia

The international recognition of Croatia refers to the diplomatic recognition of the Republic of Croatia which was established by the decision of the Croatian Parliament on 25 June 1991.[1] Out of 193 UN member states, 182 recognized Croatia.

History

See also: Independence of Croatia

Croatia and Slovenia declared independence from the SFR Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991. On the next day, the newly-independent countries have mutually recognized each other.

At the time of dissolution of Yugoslavia, dissolution of the Soviet Union was happening as well. Ukraine and Baltic states, first of them being Lithuania, recognized Croatia in 1991. However, these states were at the time only partially recognized.

Two countries that prevailed in diplomatic efforts for the international recognition of Croatia were the Holy See and Germany. Vatican diplomacy, as the world's first, announced on October 3, 1991 that it was working on the Croatian international recognition.[2]

Out of fully recognized countries, Iceland was the first one to recognize Croatian independence which did so on 19 December 1991.[3] On the same day, Germany announced its intention to recognize Croatia which was to come into effect on 15 January 1992. Italy, Sweden and the Holy See also announced their intention of recognition. Holy See recognized Croatia on 13 January, and San Marino on 14 January 1992.

On 15 January 1992, Croatia was recognized by all 12 members of the European Union as well as by Austria, Canada, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Malta, Norway and Switzerland. By the end of January 1992, Croatia was recognized by 44 countries. Therefore, 15 January is celebrated in Croatia as the Day of International Recognition.

Russia recognized Croatia in February, Japan in March, the United States in April, and India in May 1992.

At the session of the United Nations General Assembly held on 22 May 1992, which was chaired by Saudi ambassador Sinan Shihabi, Croatia was, alongside Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, admitted to the membership of the United Nations. Croatia's UN delegation was led by the Croatian President Franjo Tuđman. After a solemn session, United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Ghali sent delegations from the new UN members states to the main entrance of the UN headquarters, where Croatian, Slovenian and Bosnian-Herzegovinian flags were erected on the masts. Many diplomats and thousands of Croatian emigrants attended flag hoisting ceremony.[4]

By 31 December 1995, Croatia was recognized by 124 countries.[5] On 9 September 1995, Croatia and FR Yugoslavia concluded a Mutual Reconciliation Agreement which included mutual recognition, and established diplomatic relations on 23 August 1996.[6]

Chronology

Chronological review of Croatia's international recognition by the countries' admission to the UN:

Country Date of recognition Note
1 Slovenia Slovenia 26 June 1991 Unrecognized country at the time
2 Lithuania Lithuania 30 July 1991 Only partially recognized country at the time
3 Ukraine Ukraine 11 December 1991 Only partially recognized country at the time
4 Latvia Latvia 14 December 1991
5 Iceland Iceland 14 December 1991 Fully recognized; Member of NATO
6 Estonia Estonia 31 December 1991
7 Vatican City Vatican 13 January 1992 Fully recognized
8 San Marino San Marino 14 January 1992 Fully recognized
9 Germany Germany 15 January 1992

Member of the European Economic Community and NATO

10 United Kingdom United Kingdom 15 January 1992

Member of the European Economic Community and NATO

11 Italy Italy 15 January 1992

Member of the European Economic Community and NATO

12 France France 15 January 1992

Member of the European Economic Community and NATO

13 Spain Spain 15 January 1992

Member of the European Economic Community and NATO

14  Netherlands 15 January 1992

Member of the European Economic Community and NATO

15  Denmark 15 January 1992

Member of the European Economic Community and NATO

16 Belgium Belgium 15 January 1992

Member of the European Economic Community and NATO

17 Republic of Ireland Ireland 15 January 1992

Member of the European Economic Community

18 Luxembourg Luxembourg 15 January 1992

Member of the European Economic Community and NATO

19 Portugal Portugal 15 January 1992

Member of the European Economic Community and NATO

20  Greece 15 January 1992

Member of the European Economic Community and NATO

21 Austria Austria 15 January 1992 Member of EFTA
22  Bulgaria 15 January 1992
23  Canada 15 January 1992 Member of NATO
24  Hungary 15 January 1992
25 Malta Malta 15 January 1992
26 Norway Norway 15 January 1992 Member of EFTA and NATO
27 Poland Poland 15 January 1992
28 Switzerland Switzerland 15 January 1992 Member of EFTA
29 Australia Australia 16 January 1992
30 Argentina Argentina 16 January 1992
31  Chile 16 January 1992
32 Czech Republic Czech Republic 16 January 1992 As Czechoslovakia
33  Liechtenstein 16 January 1992 Member of EFTA
34 New Zealand New Zealand 16 January 1992
35  Slovakia 16 January 1992 As Czechoslovakia
36 Sweden Sweden 16 January 1992 Member of EFTA
37 Uruguay Uruguay 16 January 1992
38 Finland Finland 17 January 1992 Member of EFTA
39 Romania Romania 18 January 1992
40 Albania Albania 21 January 1992
41  Bosnia and Herzegovina 24 January 1992 Unrecognized country at the time
42 Brazil Brazil 24 January 1992
43 Paraguay Paraguay 27 January 1992
44 Bolivia Bolivia 29 January 1992
45  Turkey 6 February 1992 Member of NATO
46  Macedonia 12 February 1992 Unrecognized country at the time
47 Russia Russia 17 February 1992
48  Kyrgyzstan 26 February 1992
49  Colombia 3 March 1992
50 Iran Iran 15 March 1992
51 Peru Peru 15 March 1992
52 Japan Japan 17 March 1992
53 Libya Libya 17 March 1992
54  Cyprus 30 March 1992
55  Tajikistan 2 April 1992
56 South Africa South Africa 3 April 1992
57 United States United States 7 April 1992 Member of NATO
58  South Korea 15 April 1992
59  Egypt 16 April 1992
60  Israel 16 April 1992
61 United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates 18 April 1992
62 Sudan Sudan 21 April 1992
63 Algeria Algeria 24 April 1992
64 Tunisia Tunisia 26 April 1992
65  China 27 April 1992
66 Morocco Morocco 27 April 1992
67 Oman Oman 28 April 1992
68 Thailand Thailand 2 May 1992
69  Philippines 4 May 1992
70  Malaysia 4 May 1992
71  Venezuela 6 May 1992
72  North Korea 8 May 1992
73 India India 11 May 1992
74 Pakistan Pakistan 11 May 1992
75 Singapore Singapore 15 May 1992
76  Indonesia 16 May 1992
77 Jordan Jordan 17 May 1992

States that haven't recognized Croatia

11 UN member states haven't formally recognized Croatia or established diplomatic relations with Croatia. These are Burundi, Bhutan, South Sudan, Liberia, Marshal Islands, Niger, Somalia, Central African Republic, Swaziland, Tonga and Tuvalu.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Hrvatski sabor". www.sabor.hr.
  2. ^ "Tri rođendana: Svaki datum ima povijesno značenje za Hrvatsku".
  3. ^ Grafit, Artur Erceg ( http://www.artur.hr )/PROGRAMMING: Željko Erceg/CMS: Studio. "Pravni fakultet Split - Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu". www.pravst.unist.hr. {{cite web}}: External link in |first= (help)
  4. ^ "Hrvatska primljena u punopravno članstvo UN-a".
  5. ^ "Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog rata". www.centardomovinskograta.hr.
  6. ^ Zlatko (2010-10-04). "ZAKON | O POTVRĐIVANJU SPORAZUMA O NORMALIZACIJI ODNOSA IZMEĐU REPUBLIKE HRVATSKE I SAVEZNE REPUBLIKE JUGOSLAVIJE" (PDF). Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  7. ^ "MVEP • Datumi priznanja". www.mvep.hr.
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