Amis people: Difference between revisions

Amis
Pangcah
阿美族
	Pre-WWII postcard of Amis couple
Total population
	200,604 (2014)
Regions with significant populations
	Taiwan
Languages
	Amis, Mandarin
Religion
	Animism, Christianity
Related ethnic groups
	Sakizaya, Taiwanese Aborigines

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The Amis (Chinese: 阿美族; pinyin: āměi-zú; also Ami or Pangcah) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Taiwan. They speak Amis, an Austronesian language, and are one of the sixteen officially recognized groups of Taiwanese aborigines. The traditional territory of the Amis includes the long, narrow valley between the Central Mountains and the Coastal Mountains (Huatung Valley), the Pacific coastal plain eastern to the Coastal Mountains and the Hengchun Peninsula.

In 2014, the Amis numbered 200,604.^[1] This was approximately 37.1% of Taiwan's total indigenous population, making them the largest indigenous group.^[2] The Amis are primarily fishermen due to their coastal location. They are traditionally matrilineal.^[3] Traditional Amis villages were relatively large for indigenous groups, typically between 500 and 1,000. In today's Taiwan, the Amis also comprise the majority of "urban aboriginals" and have developed many urban communities all around the island. In recent decades, Amis have also married exogamously to Han as well as other indigenous people.^[4]

Identity and classification

The Amis people generally identify themselves as Pangcah, which means "human" or "people of our kind." Nonetheless, in today's Taiwan, Amis is much more frequently used. This name comes from the word amis, meaning "north." There is still no consensus in the academic circle how "Amis" came to be used to address the Pangcah. One supposition is that it was originally used by the Puyuma to call the Pangcah, as the Pangcah lived to the north of them. Another supposition holds that those who lived in the Taitung Plain called themselves "Amis" because their ancestors had come from the north. The later explanation is recorded in the Banzoku Chōsa Hōkokusho,^[5] indicating this might originate from what is classified by anthropologists as Falangaw Amis, the Amis group located from today's Chenggong to the Taitung Plain. Their closest genetic relative appears to be the Filipinos.^[6]^[7]

According to Taiwanese Aboriginal History: Amis, the Amis are classified into five groups:

Northern group (located on the Chihlai/Hualien Plain)
Middle group (located west to the Coastal Mountains)
Coastal group (located east to the Coastal Mountains)
Falangaw group (located Chenggong and the Taitung Plain)
Hengchun group (located on the Hengchun Peninsula)

Note that such classification, however widely accepted, is merely based on the geographical distribution and ethnic migration. It does not match the observed differences in culture, language, and physiques.

Other information

Family affairs including finance of the family are decided by the female householder, in the Ami tradition. Not many people may have seen the Ami, but many people may have heard the Ami. The musical project Enigma used an Ami chant in their song "Return to Innocence" in their second album, The Cross of Changes. This song was the theme song of the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. The main chorus of it was sung by Difang (Chinese name Kuo Ying-nan) and his wife, Igay (Chinese name Kuo Hsiu-chu), part of a Taiwanese aboriginal cultural performance group. Maison des Cultures du Monde recorded their singing while they were on tour and released a CD, which was subsequently used by Enigma (without mentioning the ethnic origin of the song and the singers). The case was later settled out of court. Ami singing is known for its complex contrapuntal polyphony.

The most important traditional ceremony is the Harvest Festival. The Ami's Harvest festival is to show the people's thanks and appreciations to the gods and to pray for harvest in the next coming year. It takes place every July to September.^[8]

Notable Amis people

Icyang Parod, Minister of Council of Indigenous Peoples
Kawlo Iyun Pacidal, member of Legislative Yuan
Sufin Siluko, member of Legislative Yuan
Mayaw Dongi, Minister of Council of Indigenous Peoples (2013-2016)
Chang Chen-yue, singer
Difang and Igay Duana, husband-and-wife folk music duo
Van Fan, singer, actor
Jam Hsiao, singer
Ehlo Huang, actor and member of pop group 183 Club
Li Tai-hsiang, composer and folk songwriter^[9]
Lin Chih-chieh, basketball player
Show Lo, singer and actor
Tank, singer
Tseng Li-cheng, 2012 Olympics Taekwondo bronze medalist
Chin-hui Tsao, baseball player
Chen Chih-yuan, baseball player
Yang Chuan-kwang, Olympic decathlete
Teruo Nakamura, Taiwan-born soldier of the Imperial Japanese Army and the last Japanese holdout soldier of World War II
A-Lin, singer, songwriter
Suming, actor, singer, songwriter. His music features elements from traditional Amis culture
Ilid Kaolo, singer and songwriter
Kuo Dai-chi, baseball player
Dai-Kang Yang, baseball player
Kuo Hsing-chun, Olympic weightlifter
Tseng Te-Ping, singer

References

^ Chia-chen, Hsieh; Wu, Jeffrey (15 February 2015). "Amis remains Taiwan's biggest aboriginal tribe at 37.1% of total". FocusTaiwan.tw. The Central News Agency. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
^ "Table 28: Indigenous population distribution in Taiwan-Fukien Area", National Statistics, Republic of China, Taiwan: Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan (DGBAS), archived from the original on 2007-03-12, retrieved 2006-08-30 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help).
^ "Ami", Ethnologue.
^ Olson, James Stuart, An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China, Google.
^ "Survey Reports on the Savages", Banzoku Chōsa Hōkokusho 蕃族調査報告書, vol. 8, Taihoku (Taipei), 1913–1918, p. 4{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link).
^ plbi-03-08-05 1..11 (PDF), PLOS journals^{[permanent dead link]}.
^ HPGL (PDF), vol. 64, Stanford, 2001, p. 432, archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-02-14 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help).
^ Amis Harvest Festival held in East Taiwan, The China Post July 28, 2005, retrieved in April 8, 2011
^ "Li Tai-hsiang, composer of Olive Tree and other hits, dies at age 72". Strait Times. 2014-01-03. Archived from the original on 2014-01-05. Retrieved 2014-02-03. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Hsu et al., Taiwanese Aboriginal History: Amis, Taipei: 2001. ISBN 957-02-8013-1 and ISBN 957-02-8003-4. (Chinese language)

External links

[1] Chia-chen, Hsieh; Wu, Jeffrey (15 February 2015). "Amis remains Taiwan's biggest aboriginal tribe at 37.1% of total". FocusTaiwan.tw. The Central News Agency. Retrieved 30 April 2015.

[2] "Table 28: Indigenous population distribution in Taiwan-Fukien Area", National Statistics, Republic of China, Taiwan: Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan (DGBAS), archived from the original on 2007-03-12, retrieved 2006-08-30 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help).

[3] "Ami", Ethnologue.

[4] Olson, James Stuart, An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China, Google.

[5] "Survey Reports on the Savages", Banzoku Chōsa Hōkokusho 蕃族調査報告書, vol. 8, Taihoku (Taipei), 1913–1918, p. 4{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link).

[6] plbi-03-08-05 1..11 (PDF), PLOS journals^{[permanent dead link]}.

[7] HPGL (PDF), vol. 64, Stanford, 2001, p. 432, archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-02-14 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help).

[8] Amis Harvest Festival held in East Taiwan, The China Post July 28, 2005, retrieved in April 8, 2011

[stimes-9] "Li Tai-hsiang, composer of Olive Tree and other hits, dies at age 72". Strait Times. 2014-01-03. Archived from the original on 2014-01-05. Retrieved 2014-02-03. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 [[File:Taiwan aborigine amis dance.jpg|Harvest Festival|250px|thumb]]
-The '''Amis''' ({{zh|c=阿美族|p=āměi-zú}}; also '''Ami''' or '''Pangcah''') are an [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesian]] [[ethnic group]] native to [[Taiwan]]. They speak [[Amis language|Amis]], an [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] language, and are one of the sixteen officially recognized peoples of [[Taiwanese aborigines]]. The traditional territory of the Amis includes the long, narrow valley between the Central Mountains and the Coastal Mountains ([[Huatung Valley]]), the Pacific coastal plain eastern to the Coastal Mountains and the [[Hengchun|Hengchun Peninsula]].
+The '''Amis''' ({{zh|c=阿美族|p=āměi-zú}}; also '''Ami''' or '''Pangcah''') are an [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesian]] [[ethnic group]] native to [[Taiwan]]. They speak [[Amis language|Amis]], an [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] language, and are one of the sixteen officially recognized groups of [[Taiwanese aborigines]]. The traditional territory of the Amis includes the long, narrow valley between the Central Mountains and the Coastal Mountains ([[Huatung Valley]]), the Pacific coastal plain eastern to the Coastal Mountains and the [[Hengchun|Hengchun Peninsula]].
 In 2014, the Amis numbered 200,604.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201502150011.aspx | title= Amis remains Taiwan's biggest aboriginal tribe at 37.1% of total| first1= Hsieh |last1= Chia-chen |first2= Jeffrey |last2= Wu |date= 15 February 2015| website= FocusTaiwan.tw | publisher= The Central News Agency| accessdate= 30 April 2015}}</ref> This was approximately 37.1% of Taiwan's total indigenous population, making them the largest indigenous group.<ref>{{Citation|publisher=Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan (DGBAS) |title=National Statistics, Republic of China |place=Taiwan |url=http://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/Data/511114261371.rtf |chapter=Table 28: Indigenous population distribution in Taiwan-Fukien Area |accessdate=2006-08-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312073402/http://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/Data/511114261371.rtf |archivedate=2007-03-12 }}.</ref> The Amis are primarily fishermen due to their coastal location. They are traditionally [[matrilineality|matrilineal]].<ref>{{Citation | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ami | contribution = Ami | title = Ethnologue}}.</ref> Traditional Amis villages were relatively large for [[Indigenous peoples of Asia|indigenous]] groups, typically between 500 and 1,000. In today's Taiwan, the Amis also comprise the majority of "urban aboriginals" and have developed many urban communities all around the island. In recent decades, Amis have also married [[exogamy|exogamously]] to [[Han Taiwanese|Han]] as well as other indigenous people.<ref>{{Citation | title = An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China | publisher = Google | first = James Stuart | last = Olson | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IOM8qF34s4YC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=n+recent+decades,+Amis+have+also+married+exogamously+to+Han+as+well+as+other+indigenous&source=bl&ots=mVPBypK511&sig=xnZp3SwMkzFpehB5LrbB6WlFHI0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Y8iIT-TEC-O80QWJ7onbCQ&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=n%20recent%20decades%2C%20Amis%20have%20also%20married%20exogamously%20to%20Han%20as%20well%20as%20other%20indigenous&f=false}}.</ref>

v t e Taiwanese indigenous peoples
Nationwide Recognized by the central government	Amis Atayal Bunun Hla'alua Kanakanavu Kavalan Paiwan Puyuma Rukai Saisiyat Sakizaya Seediq Tao Taroko Thao Tsou
Locally Recognized by a local government	Makatao Siraya Taivoan
Unrecognized	Babuza Favorlang Hoanya Arikun Lloa Kaxabu Ketagalan Basay Luilang Trobiawan Kulon Papora Pazeh Qauqaut Taokas Chimo
List of indigenous peoples of Taiwan Plains indigenous peoples Indigenous Area (Taiwan)

Authority control databases
National	Japan
Artists	MusicBrainz