Amphidinium: Difference between revisions
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As dinoflagellates, ''Amphidinium'' spp. have [[chloroplasts]]. The ''Amphidinium'' chloroplast [[genome]] is unusual in not having a single contiguous circular genome <ref name="C3_plastid_genome">cite journal |
As dinoflagellates, ''Amphidinium'' spp. have [[chloroplasts]]. The ''Amphidinium'' chloroplast [[genome]] is unusual in not having a single contiguous circular genome <ref name="C3_plastid_genome"> cite journal |
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|doi=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2013.09.006 |
|doi=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2013.09.006 |
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</ref><ref name="carterae">cite journal |
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| ⚫ | </ref>. Instead, chloroplast genes encoded in chloroplast DNA are found on numerous 2-3 kbp [[minicircles]] <ref name="C3_plastid_genome"></ref>, analogous to [[plasmids]]. Most minicircles have only a few protein-coding genes; many have just a single [[gene]] <ref name="C3_plastid_genome"></ref>. There are reports of minicircles that do not have known transcripts, although these were not found in the ''Symbiodinium'' sp. Clade C3 chloroplast genome |
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|doi=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2019.06.001 |
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| ⚫ | </ref>. Instead, chloroplast genes encoded in chloroplast DNA are found on numerous 2-3 kbp [[minicircles]] <ref name="C3_plastid_genome"></ref><ref name="carterae"></ref>, analogous to [[plasmids]]. Most minicircles have only a few protein-coding genes; many have just a single [[gene]] <ref name="C3_plastid_genome"></ref><ref name="carterae"></ref>. There are reports of minicircles that do not have known transcripts, like in the ''Amphidinium carterae'' chloroplast genome <ref name="carterae"></ref>, although these were not found in the ''Symbiodinium'' sp. Clade C3 chloroplast genome <ref name="C3_plastid_genome"></ref>. Minicircle-derived transcripts can be processed in ways not typical of eukaryotes, including the addition of a 3' poly(U) tail <ref name="carterae"></ref>, as opposed to the typical poly(A) tail derived from [[polyadenylation]] of eukaryotic transcripts. Minicircle-derived antisense transcripts are also produced, but without 3' poly(U) tails <ref name="carterae"></ref>. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 15:43, 2 September 2019
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| Genus: | Amphidinium
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Amphidinium is a genus of dinoflagellates. The type for the genus is Amphidinium operculatum Claparède & Lachmann. The genus includes the species Amphidinium carterae which is used as a model organism.[1]
As dinoflagellates, Amphidinium spp. have chloroplasts. The Amphidinium chloroplast genome is unusual in not having a single contiguous circular genome [2][3]. Instead, chloroplast genes encoded in chloroplast DNA are found on numerous 2-3 kbp minicircles [2][3], analogous to plasmids. Most minicircles have only a few protein-coding genes; many have just a single gene [2][3]. There are reports of minicircles that do not have known transcripts, like in the Amphidinium carterae chloroplast genome [3], although these were not found in the Symbiodinium sp. Clade C3 chloroplast genome [2]. Minicircle-derived transcripts can be processed in ways not typical of eukaryotes, including the addition of a 3' poly(U) tail [3], as opposed to the typical poly(A) tail derived from polyadenylation of eukaryotic transcripts. Minicircle-derived antisense transcripts are also produced, but without 3' poly(U) tails [3].
References
- ^ Nash, E.; Barbrook, A.; Edwards-Stuart, R.; Bernhardt, K.; Howe, C.; Nisbet, R. (2007). "Organization of the mitochondrial genome in the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 24 (7): 1528–1536. doi:10.1093/molbev/msm074. PMID 17440175.
- ^ a b c d cite journal |doi=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2013.09.006
- ^ a b c d e f cite journal |doi=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2019.06.001
Further reading
Pagliaraa, Patrizia; Caroppo, Carmela (November 2012). "Toxicity assessment of Amphidinium carterae, Coolia cfr. monotis and Ostreopsis cfr. ovata (Dinophyta) isolated from the northern Ionian Sea (Mediterranean Sea)". Toxicon. 60 (6): 1203–14. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.08.005. PMID 22925842.
Murray, Shauna A.; Garby, Tamsyn; Hoppenrath, Mona; Neilan, Brett A. (4 June 2012). "Genetic Diversity, Morphological Uniformity and Polyketide Production in Dinoflagellates (Amphidinium, Dinoflagellata)". PLoS ONE. 7 (6): e38253. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...738253M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038253. PMC 3366924. PMID 22675531.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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