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|size={{convert|30|–|36|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long, plus {{convert|18|–|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} tail<ref name="ADWBack-stripedweasel"/>
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|habitat=Forest and shrubland<ref name="IUCNBack-stripedweasel"/>
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<ref name="IUCNAmazonweasel">{{cite journal |last1=Emmons |first1=L. |last2=Helgen |first2=K. |title=Mustela africana |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2016 |page=e.T14025A45200982 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] |date=2016 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14025A45200982.en}}</ref>
<ref name="IUCNAmazonweasel">{{cite journal |last1=Emmons |first1=L. |last2=Helgen |first2=K. |title=Mustela africana |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2016 |page=e.T14025A45200982 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] |date=2016 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14025A45200982.en}}</ref>
<ref name="Amazonweaselsize">{{cite journal |last1=Ramírez-Chaves |first1=H. E. |last2=Arango-Guerra |first2=H. L. |last3=Patterson |first3=B. D. |date=December 18, 2014 |title=Mustela africana (Carnivora: Mustelidae) |journal=[[Mammalian Species]] |volume=46 |issue=917 |pages=110–115 |doi=10.1644/917.1}}</ref>
<ref name="IUCNBack-stripedweasel">{{cite journal |last1=Roberton |first1=S. |last2=Duckworth |first2=J. W. |last3=Timmins |first3=R. J. |last4=Abramov |first4=A. V. |last5=Chutipong |first5=W. |last6=Choudhury |first6=A. |last7=Willcox |first7=D. H. A. |last8=Dinets |first8=V. |title=Mustela strigidorsa |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2016 |page=e.T14027A45201218 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] |date=2016 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14027A45201218.en}}</ref>
<ref name="IUCNBack-stripedweasel">{{cite journal |last1=Roberton |first1=S. |last2=Duckworth |first2=J. W. |last3=Timmins |first3=R. J. |last4=Abramov |first4=A. V. |last5=Chutipong |first5=W. |last6=Choudhury |first6=A. |last7=Willcox |first7=D. H. A. |last8=Dinets |first8=V. |title=Mustela strigidorsa |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2016 |page=e.T14027A45201218 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] |date=2016 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14027A45201218.en}}</ref>
<ref name="ADWBack-stripedweasel">{{cite web |title=Mustela strigidorsa |last1=Stewart |first1=Reynaud |date=2013 |website=[[Animal Diversity Web]] |publisher=[[University of Michigan]] |url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_strigidorsa/ |accessdate=December 12, 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="IUCNBlack-footedferret">{{cite journal |last1=Belant |first1=J. |last2=Biggins |first2=D. |last3=Garelle |first3=D. |last4=Griebel |first4=R. G. |last5=Hughes |first5=J. P. |title=Mustela nigripes |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2015 |page=e.T14020A45200314 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] |date=2015 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T14020A45200314.en}}</ref>
<ref name="IUCNBlack-footedferret">{{cite journal |last1=Belant |first1=J. |last2=Biggins |first2=D. |last3=Garelle |first3=D. |last4=Griebel |first4=R. G. |last5=Hughes |first5=J. P. |title=Mustela nigripes |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2015 |page=e.T14020A45200314 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] |date=2015 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T14020A45200314.en}}</ref>
<ref name="IUCNColombianweasel">{{cite journal |last1=González-Maya |first1=J. F. |last2=Emmons |first2=L. |last3=Helgen |first3=K. |last4=Arias-Alzate |first4=AAA |title=Mustela felipei |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2016 |page=e.T14026A45201088 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] |date=2016 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14026A45201088.en}}</ref>
<ref name="IUCNColombianweasel">{{cite journal |last1=González-Maya |first1=J. F. |last2=Emmons |first2=L. |last3=Helgen |first3=K. |last4=Arias-Alzate |first4=AAA |title=Mustela felipei |journal=[[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] |volume=2016 |page=e.T14026A45201088 |publisher=[[International Union for Conservation of Nature]] |date=2016 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14026A45201088.en}}</ref>

Revision as of 22:00, 12 December 2019

Mustelidae is a family of mammals in the order Carnivora, which includes weasels, badgers, otters, ferrets, martens, minks, and wolverines, and many other extant and extinct mammals. A member of this family is called a mustelid; Mustelidae is the largest family in Carnivora, and its extant species are divided into eight subfamilies. They are found on all continents except Antarctica and Australia, and are a diverse family; sizes range, including tails, from the widespread 17 cm (7 in) least weasel to the 1.8 meter (6 ft) giant otter of Amazonian South America. Habitats vary widely as well, from the arboreal marten to the tunnel-dwelling European badger to the marine sea otter. Population sizes are largely unknown, though one species, the sea mink, went extinct in 1894 and several other species are endangered. The ferret subspecies of the European polecat has been domesticated, as have some populations of the South American tayra species. Mustelidae is one of the oldest families in Carnivora; mustelid-like forms first appeared about 40 million years ago, roughly coinciding with the appearance of rodents. The direct ancestors of the modern mustelids first appeared about 15 million years ago.

The 23 genera and 59 species of Mustelidae are split into 8 subfamilies: Guloninae, consisting of martens and wolverines; Helictidinae, consisting of ferret-badgers; Ictonychinae, consisting of African polecats and grisons; Lutrinae, or otters; Melinae, containing the Eurasian badgers; Mellivorinae, currently containing only the honey badger; Mustelinae, consisting of weasels and minks; and Taxidiinae, currently consisting of only the American badger.

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (1 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (0 species)
 EN Endangered (7 species)
 VU Vulnerable (6 species)
 NT Near threatened (6 species)
 LC Least concern (37 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (1 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the canid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN red list for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".

Classification

The family Mustelidae consists of 59 extant species belonging to 23 genera and divided into hundreds of extant subspecies, as well the extinct sea mink, which is the only mustelid species to go extinct since prehistoric times. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 23 genera can be grouped into 8 subfamilies, though some prior classification schemes divided the family solely between the aquatic otters and all other species.

Subfamily Guloninae (Martens and wolverines)

Subfamily Helictidinae (Ferret-badgers)

Subfamily Ictonychinae (African polecats and grisons)

Subfamily Lutrinae (Otters)

Subfamily Melinae (Eurasian badgers)

Subfamily Mellivorinae (Honey badger)

Subfamily Mustelinae (Weasels and minks)

Subfamily Taxidiinae (American badger)

Mustelids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis; this includes reclassifying Guloninae, Helictidinae, Ictonychinae, Melinae, Mellivorinae, and Taxidiinae as subfamilies rather than as part of a paraphyletic group with Mustelinae. There are several additional proposals which are disputed, such as placing the Asian small-clawed otter as a monotypic genus Amblonyx instead of as part of Aonyx, or separating the Cameroon clawless otter as a separate species from the African clawless otter, which are not included here.

Subfamily Guloninae

Main article: Guloninae
Genus Eira – Hamilton Smith, 1842 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Tayra

Black mustelid with gray head

E. barbara
Linnaeus, 1758

Seven subspecies
  • E. b. barbara
  • E. b. inserta
  • E. b. madeirensis
  • E. b. peruana
  • E. b. poliocephala
  • E. b. senex
  • E. b. sinuensis
Central America and northern South America
Map of range 		Size: 60–70 cm (24–28 in) long, plus 35–45 cm (14–18 in) tail[1]

Habitat: Forest and savanna[2]

Diet: Primarily preys on fruits, carrion, small vertebrates, insects, and honey[2] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[2]

Genus Gulo – Pallas, 1780 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Wolverine

Brown and black mustelid

G. gulo
Linnaeus, 1758

Two subspecies
  • G. g. luscus (American wolverine)
  • G. g. gulo (Eurasian wolverine)
Arctic North America, Europe, and Asia
Map of range 		Size: 70–105 cm (28–41 in) long, plus 18–26 cm (7–10 in) tail[3]

Habitat: Rocky areas, shrubland, forest, and grassland[4]

Diet: Primarily preys on carrion and small to large mammals[4] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[4]

Genus Martes – Pinel, 1792 – seven species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
American marten

Brown mustelid in snow

M. americana
Turton, 1806

Fourteen subspecies
  • M. a. abieticola
  • M. a. abietinoides
  • M. a. actuosa
  • M. a. americana
  • M. a. atrata (Newfoundland pine marten)
  • M. a. brumalis
  • M. a. caurina
  • M. a. humboldtensis (Humboldt marten)
  • M. a. kenaiensis
  • M. a. nesophila
  • M. a. origenes
  • M. a. sierrae
  • M. a. vancouverensis
  • M. a. vulpina
Northern North America
Map of range 		Size: 46–66 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail[5]

Habitat: Forest[6]

Diet: Primarily preys on rodents and small mammals, as well as birds, insects, fruit, and carrion[6] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[6]

Beech marten

Brown and white mustelid indoors

M. foina
Erxleben, 1777

Eleven subspecies
  • M. f. bosniaca (Balkan beech marten)
  • M. f. bunites (Cretan beech marten)
  • M. f. foina (European beech marten)
  • M. f. intermedia (Middle Asian beech marten)
  • M. f. kozlovi (Tibetan beech marten)
  • M. f. mediterranea (Iberian beech marten)
  • M. f. milleri (Rhodes beech marten)
  • M. f. nehringi (Caucasian beech marten)
  • M. f. rosanowi (Crimean beech marten)
  • M. f. syriaca (Syrian beech marten)
  • M. f. toufoeus (Lhasa beech marten)
Europe
Map of range 		Size: 40–50 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 22–30 cm (9–12 in) tail[7]

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and shrubland[8]

Diet: Primarily preys on rodents and small mammals, as well as birds, insects, fruit, and carrion[8] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[8]

European pine marten

Brown and black mustelid

M. martes
Linnaeus, 1758

Seven subspecies
  • M. m. borealis
  • M. m. latinorum
  • M. m. lorenzi
  • M. m. minoricensis
  • M. m. notialis
  • M. m. ruthena
  • M. m. uralensis
Europe
Map of range 		Size: 48–58 cm (19–23 in) long, plus 16–28 cm (6–11 in) tail[9]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[10]

Diet: Primarily preys on small mammals, birds, and amphibians, as well as carrion[10] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[10]

Japanese marten

Brown mustelid with a white head on a table

M. melampus
Wagner, 1841

Two subspecies
  • M. m. melampus
  • M. m. tsuensis
Japan
Map of range 		Size: 47–55 cm (19–22 in) long, plus 17–22 cm (7–9 in) tail[11]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[12]

Diet: Primarily preys on fruit, small mammals, and insects[12] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[12]

Nilgiri marten

Black and yellow mustelid on the ground

M. gwatkinsii
Horsfield, 1851 		Parts of southern India
Map of range 		Size: 55–65 cm (22–26 in) long, plus 40–45 cm (16–18 in) tail[13]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[14]

Diet: Primarily preys on birds, small mammals, and insects[14] 		 VU 


1,000 Population steady[14]

Sable

Brown mustelid in a tree

M. zibellina
Linnaeus, 1758

Sixteen subspecies
  • M. z. angarensis
  • M. z. arsenjevi
  • M. z. averini
  • M. z. brachyura
  • M. z. ilimpiensis
  • M. z. jakutensis
  • M. z. kamtschadalica
  • M. z. obscura
  • M. z. princeps
  • M. z. sahalinensis
  • M. z. sajanensis
  • M. z. schantaricus
  • M. z. tomensis
  • M. z. tungussensis
  • M. z. yeniseensis
  • M. z. zibellina
Large parts of Russia
Map of range 		Size: 38–56 cm (15–22 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[15]

Habitat: Forest[16]

Diet: Primarily preys on small mammals, birds, nuts, and berries[16] 		 LC 


2 million Population increasing[16]

Yellow-throated marten

Yellow and black mustelid on the ground

M. flavigula
Boddaert, 1785

Nine subspecies
  • M. f. borealis
  • M. f. chrysospila
  • M. f. flavigula
  • M. f. hainana
  • M. f. henrici
  • M. f. indochinensis
  • M. f. peninsularis
  • M. f. robinsoni
  • M. f. saba
Eastern and southeastern Asia
Map of range 		Size: 50–72 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 33–48 cm (13–19 in) tail[17]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[18]

Diet: Primarily preys on birds, small mammals, and insects[18] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[18]

Genus Pekania – Gray, 1865 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Fisher

Black and brown mustelid on the ground

P. pennanti
Erxleben, 1777 		Northern North America
Map of range 		Size: 75–120 cm (30–47 in) long, plus 31–41 cm (12–16 in) tail[19]

Habitat: Forest[20]

Diet: Primarily preys on small to medium mammals, birds, and carrion[20] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[20]

Subfamily Helictidinae

Main article: Helictidinae
Genus Melogale – I. Saint-Hilaire, 1831 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Bornean ferret-badger


M. everetti
Thomas, 1895 		Small parts of Borneo
Map of range 		Size: 33–44 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 15–23 cm (6–9 in) tail[21]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[22]

Diet: Primarily preys on invertebrates, amphibians, insects, fruit, and carrion[21][22] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[22]

Burmese ferret-badger

Mounted brown mustelid with green background

M. personata
I. Saint-Hilaire, 1831

Five subspecies
  • M. p. laotum
  • M. p. nipalensis
  • M. p. personata
  • M. p. pierrei
  • M. p. tonquinia
Southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 33–44 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 15–23 cm (6–9 in) tail[23]

Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest[24]

Diet: Primarily preys on insects and snails, as well as small mammals, frogs, lizards, carrion, birds, eggs, and fruit[23][24] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[24]

Chinese ferret-badger

Painting of brown mustelid in a tree

M. moschata
Gray, 1831

Seven subspecies
  • M. m. ferreogrisea
  • M. m. hainanensis
  • M. m. millsi
  • M. m. moschata
  • M. m. sorella
  • M. m. subaurantiaca
  • M. m. taxilla
East Asia
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[25]

Diet: Preys primarily on insects, frogs, and carrion[25] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[25]

Javan ferret-badger

Black and white mustelid in straw

M. orientalis
Blanford, 1888

Two subspecies
  • M. o. orientalis
  • M. o. sundaicus
Parts of Java and Indonesia
Map of range 		Size: 35–40 cm (14–16 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[26]

Habitat: Shrubland and forest[27]

Diet: Primarily preys on invertebrates and insects[26][27] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[27]

Vietnam ferret-badger


M. cucphuongensis
T. Nadler, 2011 		Vietnam Size: Unknown

Habitat: Forest[28]

Diet: Unknown[28] 		 DD 


Unknown Unknown[28]

Subfamily Ictonychinae

Main article: Ictonychinae
Genus Galictis – Bell, 1826 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Greater grison

Black mustelid under rock

G. vittata
Schreber, 1776

Four subspecies
  • G. v. andina
  • G. v. brasiliensis
  • G. v. canaster
  • G. v. vittata
Northern South America and Central America
Map of range 		Size: 60–76 cm (24–30 in) long, including tail[29]

Habitat: Forest and grassland[30]

Diet: Primarily preys on small mammals, birds, lizards, amphibians, eggs, and fruit[30] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[30]

Lesser grison

Brown and black mustelid on rocks

G. cuja
Molina, 1782

Four subspecies
  • G. c. cuja
  • G. c. furax
  • G. c. huronax
  • G. c. luteola
Southern South America
Map of range 		Size: 28–51 cm (11–20 in) long, plus 12–20 cm (5–8 in) tail[31]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, and savanna[32]

Diet: Primarily preys on small lagomorphs and rodents, as well as birds, frogs, lizards, snakes, and eggs[32] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[32]

Genus Ictonyx – Kaup, 1835 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Striped polecat

Brown and white stuffed mustelid with green background

I. striatus
Molina, 1782

Nineteen subspecies
  • I. s. albescens
  • I. s. arenarius
  • I. s. elgonis
  • I. s. erythreae
  • I. s. ghansiensis
  • I. s. giganteus
  • I. s. intermedius
  • I. s. kalaharicus
  • I. s. lancasteri
  • I. s. limpopoensis
  • I. s. maximus
  • I. s. obscuratus
  • I. s. orangiae
  • I. s. ovamboensis
  • I. s. pretoriae
  • I. s. senegalensis
  • I. s. shoae
  • I. s. shortridgei
  • I. s. striatus
Central, Southern, and sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 28–30 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail[33]

Habitat: Grassland, savanna, desert, and shrubland[34]

Diet: Primarily preys on insects[34] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[34]

Saharan striped polecat

Drawing of black and white mustelid on grass

I. libycus
Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833

Four subspecies
  • I. l. libyca
  • I. l. multivittata
  • I. l. oralis
  • I. l. rothschildi
Northern, western, and southern edges of the Sahara
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Shrubland and desert[35]

Diet: [35] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[35]

Genus Lyncodon – Gervais, 1845 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Patagonian weasel

Brown and white stuffed mustelid on a rock

L. patagonicus
Blainville, 1842

Two subspecies
  • L. p. patagonicus
  • L. p. thomasi
Argentina
Map of range 		Size: 30–35 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail[36]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest[37]

Diet: Primarily preys on rodents and birds[37] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[37]

Genus Poecilogale – Thomas, 1883 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
African striped weasel

Black and white mustelid on a log

P. albinucha
Gray, 1864

Five subspecies
  • P. a. albinucha
  • P. a. bechuanae
  • P. a. doggetti
  • P. a. lebombo
  • P. a. transvaalensis
Southern Africa
Map of range 		Size: 25–36 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 13–23 cm (5–9 in) tail[38]

Habitat: Shrubland, forest, savanna, and grassland[39]

Diet: [39] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[39]

Genus Vormela – Blasius, 1884 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Marbled polecat

Black and white mustelid with a yellow and brown back on a rock

V. peregusna
Güldenstädt, 1864

Five subspecies
  • V. p. koshewnikowi
  • V. p. negans
  • V. p. pallidior
  • V. p. peregusna
  • V. p. syriaca
Southeast Europe and central Asia
Map of range 		Size: 28–48 cm (11–19 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[40]

Habitat: Desert, rocky areas, grassland, and shrubland[41]

Diet: Primarily preys on rodents and birds[41] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[41]

Subfamily Lutrinae

Main article: Lutrinae
Genus Aonyx – Lesson, 1827 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
African clawless otter

Brown and white mustelid in grass

A. capensis
Schinz, 1821

Six subspecies
 Sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 72–95 cm (28–37 in) long, plus 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tail[42]

Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, neritic marine, coastal marine, intertidal marine, and grassland[43]

Diet: [43] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[43]

Asian small-clawed otter

Brown mustelid on a mossy rock

A. cinerea
Illiger, 1815

Three subspecies
  • A. c. cinerea
  • A. c. concolor
  • A. c. nirnai
Southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 40–63 cm (16–25 in) long, plus 25–35 cm (10–14 in) tail[44]

Habitat: Intertidal marine, coastal marine, inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, neritic marine, and grassland[45]

Diet: Preys primarily on crabs, molluscs, insects, and small fish, as well as rodents, snakes, and amphibians[45] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[45]

Genus Enhydra – Fleming, 1828 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Sea otter

Brown mustelid on its back in water

E. lutris
Linnaeus, 1758

Three subspecies
  • E. l. kenyoni (Northern sea otter)
  • E. l. lutris (Asian sea otter)
  • E. l. nereis (Southern sea otter)
Western North American coast, eastern Russian coast, northern Japanese coast
Map of range 		Size: 55–130 cm (22–51 in) long, plus 12–33 cm (5–13 in) tail[46]

Habitat: Neritic marine and oceanic marine[47]

Diet: Primarily preys on marine invertebrates, as well as fish[47] 		 EN 


125,000 Population declining[47]

Genus Lontra – Gray, 1843 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
North American river otter

Brown mustelid in grass

L. canadensis
Schreber, 1777

Seven subspecies
  • L. c. canadensis
  • L. c. kodiacensis
  • L. c. lataxina
  • L. c. mira
  • L. c. pacifica
  • L. c. periclyzomae
  • L. c. sonora
Canada and eastern and western America
Map of range 		Size: 66–107 cm (26–42 in) long, plus 31–46 cm (12–18 in) tail[48]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, intertidal marine, neritic marine, and coastal marine[49]

Diet: Primarily preys on fish, as well as amphibians and crustaceans[49] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[49]

Southern river otter

Brown mustelid on rocks

L. provocax
Thomas, 1908 		Southern Chile and Argentina
Map of range 		Size: 57–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 35–46 cm (14–18 in) tail[50]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, neritic marine, and intertidal marine[51]

Diet: Primarily preys on fish and crustaceans[51] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[51]

Neotropical otter

Brown mustelid on rocks

L. longicaudis
Olfers, 1818

Three subspecies
  • L. l. annectens
  • L. l. enudris
  • L. l. longicaudis
South and Central America
Map of range 		Size: 50–79 cm (20–31 in) long, plus 37–57 cm (15–22 in) tail[52]

Habitat: Coastal marine, inland wetlands, neritic marine, and intertidal marine[53]

Diet: Primarily preys on fish, as well as crustaceans, insects, amphibians, and molluscs[53] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[53]

Marine otter

Brown mustelid on rock

L. felina
Molina, 1782 		West coast of South America
Map of range 		Size: 57–79 cm (22–31 in) long, plus 30–36 cm (12–14 in) tail[54]

Habitat: Coastal marine, intertidal marine, oceanic marine, and neritic marine[55]

Diet: Primarily preys on crustaceans and molluscs, as well as fish, birds, and small mammals[55] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[55]

Genus Lutra – Brisson, 1762 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Eurasian otter

Brown and white mustelid on rock

L. lutra
Linnaeus, 1758

Twelve subspecies
  • L. l. angustifrons
  • L. l. aurobrunneus
  • L. l. barang
  • L. l. chinensis
  • L. l. hainana
  • L. l. kutab
  • L. l. lutra
  • L. l. meridionalis
  • L. l. monticolus
  • L. l. nair
  • L. l. seistanica
  • L. l. whiteleyi (Japanese river otter)†
Europe, north Africa, and large regions of Asia
Map of range 		Size: 57–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 35–40 cm (14–16 in) tail[56]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, coastal marine, neretic marine, intertidal marine, and shrubland[57]

Diet: Primarily preys on fish, as well as insects, reptiles, amphibians, birds, small mammals, and crustaceans[57] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[57]

Hairy-nosed otter

Brown mustelid on rock by water

L. sumatrana
Gray, 1865 		Scattered parts of southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 50–82 cm (20–32 in) long, plus 35–50 cm (14–20 in) tail[58]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, shrubland, grassland, forest, coastal marine, and intertidal marine[59]

Diet: Primarily preys on fish and water snakes, as well as frogs, lizards, turtles, and crabs[59] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[59]

Genus Hydrictis – Pocock, 1921 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Spotted-necked otter

Gray mustelid on a rock

H. maculicollis
Lichtenstein, 1835 		Much of sub-Saharan Africa
Map of range 		Size: 57–69 cm (22–27 in) long, plus 33–44 cm (13–17 in) tail[60]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, forest, coastal marine, and intertidal marine[61]

Diet: [61] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[61]

Genus Lutrogale – Gray, 1865 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Smooth-coated otter

Gray and yellow mustelid on dirt

L. perspicillata
Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826

Two subspecies
  • L. p. perspicillata
  • L. p. sindica
South and southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 65–79 cm (26–31 in) long, plus 40–50 cm (16–20 in) tail[62]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, coastal marine, neritic marine, intertidal marine, and shrubland[63]

Diet: Primarily preys on fish, as well as shrimp, crabs, and insects[63] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[63]

Genus Pteronura – Gray, 1837 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Giant otter

Large gray mustelid on a log

P. brasiliensis
Gmelin, 1788

Two subspecies
  • P. b. brasiliensis
  • P. b. paraguensis
North and central South America
Map of range 		Size: 96–123 cm (38–48 in) long, plus 45–65 cm (18–26 in) tail[64]

Habitat: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, neritic marine, and forest[65]

Diet: Primarily preys on fish, as well as caiman and turtles[65] 		 EN 


Unknown Population declining[65]

Subfamily Melinae

Main article: Melinae
Genus Arctonyx – F.Cuvier, 1825 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Hog badger

Brown mustelid in forest

A. collaris
F. Cuvier, 1825

Six subspecies
  • A. c. albogularis (Northern hog badger)
  • A. c. collaris (Greater hog badger)
  • A. c. consul (Burmese hog badger)
  • A. c. dictator (Indochinese hog badger)
  • A. c. hoevenii (Sumatran hog badger)
  • A. c. leucolaemus (Chinese hog badger)
East and southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 55–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 12–17 cm (5–7 in) tail[66]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, shrubland, and savanna[67]

Diet: Believed to primarily prey on worms[67] 		 VU 


Unknown Population declining[67]

Genus Meles – Brisson, 1762 – three species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Asian badger

Stuffed brown and white mustelid

M. leucurus
Hodgson, 1847

Five subspecies
  • M. l. amurensis (Amur badger)
  • M. l. arenarius (Kazakh badger)
  • M. l. leucurus (Common sand badger)
  • M. l. sibiricus (Siberian badger)
  • M. l. tianschanensis (Tien Shan badger)
Central and east Asia
Map of range 		Size: 49–70 cm (19–28 in) long, plus 13–21 cm (5–8 in) tail[68]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest[69]

Diet: Omnivorous; preys on fruit, nuts, plants, earthworms, insects, eggs, carrion, and small mammals[69] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[69]

European badger

Gray and white mustelid in grass

M. meles
Linnaeus, 1758

Eight subspecies
  • M. m. arcalus (Cretan badger)
  • M. m. canescens (Trans-Caucasian badger)
  • M. m. heptneri (Kizlyar badger)
  • M. m. marianensis (Iberian badger)
  • M. m. meles (Common badger)
  • M. m. milleri (Norwegian badger)
  • M. m. rhodius (Rhodes badger)
  • M. m. severzovi (Fergana badger)
Europe and west Asia
Map of range 		Size: 56–90 cm (22–35 in) long, plus 11–20 cm (4–8 in) tail[70]

Habitat: Grassland, forest, desert, and shrubland[71]

Diet: Omnivorous; preys on fruit, nuts, plants, earthworms, insects, eggs, carrion, and small mammals[71] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[71]

Japanese badger

Brown and white mustelid on rocks

M. anakuma
Temminck, 1844 		Japan
Map of range 		Size: 70–79 cm (28–31 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[72]

Habitat: Forest[73]

Diet: Primarily preys on earthworms and insects, as well as fruit[73] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[73]

Subfamily Mellivorinae

Main article: Mellivorinae
Genus Mellivora – Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr, 1780 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Honey badger

Black and white mustelid in grass

M. capensis
Schreber, 1776

Twelve subspecies
  • M. c. abyssinica (Ethiopian ratel)
  • M. c. buechneri (Turkmenian ratel)
  • M. c. capensis (Cape ratel)
  • M. c. concisa (Lake Chad ratel)
  • M. c. cottoni (Black ratel)
  • M. c. inaurita (Nepalese ratel)
  • M. c. indica (Indian ratel)
  • M. c. leuconota (White-backed ratel)
  • M. c. maxwelli (Kenyan ratel)
  • M. c. pumilio (Arabian ratel)
  • M. c. signata (Speckled ratel)
  • M. c. wilsoni (Persian ratel)
Africa, Middle East, and India
Map of range 		Size: 73–96 cm (29–38 in) long, plus 14–23 cm (6–9 in) tail[74]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, savanna, and desert[75]

Diet: Primarily preys on smaller mammals[75] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[75]

Subfamily Mustelinae

Main article: Mustelinae
Genus Mustela – Linnaeus, 1758 – seventeen species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
Amazon weasel


M. africana
Desmarest, 1818

Two subspecies
  • M. a. africana
  • M. a. stolzmanni
Amazon basin
Map of range 		Size: 41–52 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 16–21 cm (6–8 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest[77]

Diet: [77] 		 LC 


Unknown Unknown[77]

Back-striped weasel

Drawing of brown mustelid

M. strigidorsa
Gray, 1855 		Parts of southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size: 30–36 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 18–20 cm (7–8 in) tail[78]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[79]

Diet: [79] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[79]

Black-footed ferret

Brown, black, and white mustelid on dirt

M. nigripes
Audubon, 1851 		Three small areas in central United States
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[80]

Diet: Primarily preys on prairie dogs[80] 		 EN 


200 Population declining[80]

Colombian weasel


M. felipei
Izor and Torre, 1978 		Small area of northwest South America
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest[81]

Diet: [81] 		 VU 


1,300 Population declining[81]

Egyptian weasel

Brown and white mustelid lying on stones

M. subpalmata
Hemprich, 1833 		Nile river delta in Egypt
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: None[82]

Diet: [82] 		 LC 


Unknown Population increasing[82]

European mink

Brown mustelid on log

M. lutreola
Linnaeus, 1761

Seven subspecies
  • M. l. biedermanni (French mink)
  • M. l. binominata
  • M. l. cylipena (Middle European mink)
  • M. l. lutreola (Northern mink)
  • M. l. novikovi (Middle Russian mink)
  • M. l. transsylvanica (Carpathian mink)
  • M. l. turovi (Caucasian mink)
Scattered parts of west Asia and west Europe
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Inland wetlands[83]

Diet: Primarily preys on amphibians, crustaceans, fish, small mammals, insects, and birds[83] 		 CR 


Unknown Population declining[83]

European polecat

Brown and black mustelid on log

M. putorius
Linnaeus, 1758

Seven subspecies
  • M. p. anglia (Welsh polecat)
  • M. p. aureola (Mediterranean polecat)
  • M. p. caledoniae (Scottish polecat)†
  • M. p. furo (Ferret)
  • M. p. mosquensis (Middle Russian polecat)
  • M. p. putorius (Common polecat)
  • M. p. rothschildi (Carpathian polecat)
Europe and west Asia
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, grassland, forest, and shrubland[84]

Diet: Primarily preys on lagomorphs, rodents, amphibians, and other vertebrates, as well as invertebrates and carrion[84] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[84]

Indonesian mountain weasel


M. lutreolina
Robinson, 1917 		Scattered parts of Indonesia
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Shrubland and forest[85]

Diet: [85] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[85]

Japanese weasel

Brown mustelid on a tree

M. itatsi
Temminck, 1844 		Japan
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest[86]

Diet: Primarily preys on rodents, insects, amphibians, and reptiles[86] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[86]

Least weasel

Brown and white mustelid on log

M. nivalis
Linnaeus, 1766

Eighteen subspecies
  • M. n. allegheniensis (Allegheny weasel)
  • M. n. boccamela (Transcaucasian weasel)
  • M. n. campestris (Plains weasel)
  • M. n. caucasica (Caucasian weasel)
  • M. n. eskimo (Alaskan weasel)
  • M. n. heptneri (Turkmenian weasel)
  • M. n. mosanensis (Korean weasel)
  • M. n. namiyei (Japanese weasel)
  • M. n. nivalis (Common weasel)
  • M. n. numidica (Mediterranean weasel)
  • M. n. pallida (Montane Turkestan weasel)
  • M. n. pygmaea (Siberian least weasel)
  • M. n. rixosa (Bangs' weasel)
  • M. n. rossica
  • M. n. russelliana (Sichuan weasel)
  • M. n. stoliczkana
  • M. n. tonkinensis (Vietnamese Weasel)
  • M. n. vulgaris (Middle European weasel)
Europe, Asia, northern Africa, northern North America
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, rocky areas, coastal marine, shrubland, and grassland[87]

Diet: Primarily preys on rodents and other small mammals as well as eggs, lizards, frogs, salamanders, fish, worms, and carrion[87] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[87]

Long-tailed weasel

Brown and white mustelid standing in grass

M. frenata
Lichtenstein, 1831

42 subspecies
  • M. f. affinis
  • M. f. agilis
  • M. f. alleni (Black Hills long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. altifrontalis
  • M. f. arizonensis (Arizona long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. arthuri
  • M. f. aureoventris
  • M. f. boliviensis (Bolivian long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. costaricensis (Costa Rican long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. effera
  • M. f. frenata (Bridled weasel)
  • M. f. goldmani (Chiapas long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. gracilis
  • M. f. helleri
  • M. f. inyoensis (Inyo long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. latirostra
  • M. f. leucoparia
  • M. f. longicauda (Common long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. macrophonius
  • M. f. munda
  • M. f. neomexicanus (New Mexico long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. nevadensis (Nevada long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. nicaraguae (Nicaraguan long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. nigriauris
  • M. f. notius
  • M. f. noveboracensis (New York long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. occisor
  • M. f. olivacea
  • M. f. oregonensis (Oregon long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. oribasus
  • M. f. panamensis (Panama long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. peninsulae (Florida long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. perda
  • M. f. perotae
  • M. f. primulina
  • M. f. pulchra
  • M. f. saturata (Cascade Mountains long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. spadix
  • M. f. texensis (Texas long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. tropicalis (Tropical long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. washingtoni (Washington long-tailed weasel)
  • M. f. xanthogenys (California long-tailed weasel)
North America, Central America, and northern South America
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Inland wetlands, grassland, and shrubland[88]

Diet: Primarily preys on rodents and other small mammals[88] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[88]

Malayan weasel


M. nudipes
Desmarest, 1822

Two subspecies
  • M. n. leucocephalus
  • M. n. nudipes
Southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Shrubland and forest[89]

Diet: [89] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[89]

Mountain weasel

Brown and white mustelid standing on rocks

M. altaica
Pallas, 1811

Four subspecies
  • M. a. altaica
  • M. a. birulai
  • M. a. raddei
  • M. a. temon
Central Asia and northern India Size:

Habitat: Shrubland, rocky areas, and grassland[90]

Diet: Primarily prets on pikas, rodents, small birds, lizards, and insects[90] 		 NT 


Unknown Population declining[90]

Siberian weasel

Brown mustelid on ground

M. sibirica
Pallas, 1773

Eleven subspecies
  • M. s. canigula (Tibetan kolonok)
  • M. s. charbinensis (Manchurian kolonok)
  • M. s. coreanus (Korean kolonok)
  • M. s. davidiana (Taiwanese kolonok)
  • M. s. fontanierii (North Chinese kolonok)
  • M. s. hodgsoni (Hodgson's kolonok)
  • M. s. manchurica (Far Eastern kolonok)
  • M. s. moupinensis (Burmese kolonok)
  • M. s. quelpartis (Quelpart kolonok)
  • M. s. sibirica (Siberian kolonok)
  • M. s. subhemachalana (Himalayan kolonok)
North-central and east Asia
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, forest, rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, and mountain peaks)[91]

Diet: Primarily preys on small mammals, amphibians, fish, carrion, and pine nuts[91] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[91]

Steppe polecat

Brown and white mustelid in grass

M. eversmanii
Lesson, 1827

Seven subspecies
  • M. e. admirata (Chinese steppe polecat)
  • M. e. amurensis (Amur steppe polecat)
  • M. e. eversmanii (Petropavlov steppe polecat)
  • M. e. hungarica (European steppe polecat)
  • M. e. larvatus (Tibetan steppe polecat)
  • M. e. michnoi (Baikal steppe polecat)
  • M. e. talassicus (Turkestan steppe polecat)
Central Asia and easern Europe
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Grassland and shrubland[92]

Diet: Primarily preys on rodents and pikas[92] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[92]

Stoat

Brown and white mustelid in grass

M. erminea
Linnaeus, 1758

37 subspecies
  • M. e. aestiva (Middle Russian stoat)
  • M. e. alascensis (Junean stoat)
  • M. e. anguinae (Vancouver Island stoat)
  • M. e. arctica (Tundra stoat)
  • M. e. augustidens
  • M. e. bangsi (Western Great Lakes stoat)
  • M. e. celenda
  • M. e. cigognanii (Bonaparte's stoat)
  • M. e. erminea (Northern stoat)
  • M. e. fallenda
  • M. e. ferghanae (Fergana stoat)
  • M. e. gulosa
  • M. e. haidarum (Queen Charlotte Islands stoat)
  • M. e. hibernica (Irish stoat)
  • M. e. initis
  • M. e. invicta
  • M. e. kadiacensis (Kodiak stoat)
  • M. e. kaneii (East Siberian stoat)
  • M. e. karaginensis (Karaginsky stoat)
  • M. e. lymani (Altai stoat)
  • M. e. martinoi
  • M. e. minima (Swiss stoat)
  • M. e. mongolica (Gobi stoat)
  • M. e. muricus (Southwestern stoat)
  • M. e. nippon (Japanese stoat)
  • M. e. ognevi
  • M. e. olympica (Olympic stoat)
  • M. e. polaris (Polar stoat)
  • M. e. richardsonii (Richardson's stoat)
  • M. e. ricinae (Hebrides stoat)
  • M. e. salva
  • M. e. seclusa
  • M. e. semplei (Baffin Island stoat)
  • M. e. stabilis (British stoat)
  • M. e. streatori
  • M. e. teberdina (Caucasian stoat)
  • M. e. tobolica (Tobolsk stoat)
Europe, north Asia, northern North America, and Greenland
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Shrubland, inland wetlands, grassland, rocky areas, and forest[93]

Diet: Primarily preys on small mammals, as well as fruit, earthworms, insects, eggs, and birds[93] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[93]

Yellow-bellied weasel

Black and yellow mustelid on rock

M. kathiah
Hodgson, 1835

Two subspecies
  • M. k. caporiaccoi
  • M. k. kathiah
Himalayan mountains and east-southeast Asia
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[94]

Diet: [94] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[94]

Genus Neovison – Baryshnikov and Abramov, 1997 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
American mink

Brown mustelid in water

N. vison
Schreber, 1777

Fifteen subspecies
  • N. v. aestuarina (California lowland mink)
  • N. v. aniakensis
  • N. v. energumenos (Western mink)
  • N. v. evagor
  • N. v. evergladensis (Everglades mink)
  • N. v. ingens (Alaskan mink)
  • N. v. lacustris (Hudson Bay mink)
  • N. v. letifera (Mississippi Valley mink)
  • N. v. lowii
  • N. v. lutensis (Florida mink)
  • N. v. melampeplus (Kenai mink)
  • N. v. mink (Common mink)
  • N. v. nesolestes (Island mink)
  • N. v. vison (Eastern mink)
  • N. v. vulgivaga (Southern mink)
Canada and United States
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, and shrubland[95]

Diet: Primarily preys on fish, amphibians, crustaceans, muskrats, and small mammals[95] 		 LC 


Unknown Population steady[95]

Sea mink†

Black-and-white drawing of mustelid

N. macrodon
Prentiss, 1903 		Northeast United States
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Intertidal marine, neritic marine, and coastal marine[96]

Diet: Primarily preyed on fish as well as molluscs[96] 		 EX 


Unknown Unknown[96]

Subfamily Taxidiinae

Main article: Taxidiinae
Genus Taxidea – Horsfield, 1839 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population[a]
American badger

Gray, black, and white mustelid in grass

T. taxus
Schreber, 1777

Five subspecies
  • T. t. berlandieri (Texas badger)
  • T. t. jacksoni (Jackson's badger)
  • T. t. jeffersonii (British Columbia badger)
  • T. t. marylandica (Maryland badger)
  • T. t. taxus
United States and southern Canada
Map of range 		Size:

Habitat: Forest, grassland, and shrubland[97]

Diet: Primarily preys on fossorial rodents, as well as scorpions, insects, snakes, lizards, and birds[97] 		 LC 


Unknown Population declining[97]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Population figures rounded to the nearest hundred. Population trends as described by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

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