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Coordinates: 4°14′26.0574″N 117°54′15.093″E / 4.240571500°N 117.90419250°E / 4.240571500; 117.90419250
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==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Tawau, sea pollution in Kampung Titingan.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Marine debris]] in 2012]]
[[File:Tawau, sea pollution in Kampung Titingan.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Marine debris]] in Kampung Titingan, 2012]]
Kampung Titingan is {{convert|2.5|km}} from [[Tawau]], and occupies around {{convert|7|ha}}.<ref name = "Utusan1" /><ref>{{cite news
Kampung Titingan is {{convert|2.5|km}} from [[Tawau]], and occupies around {{convert|7|ha}}.<ref name = "Utusan1" /><ref>{{cite news
| last = Amat
| last = Amat

Revision as of 10:02, 21 August 2020

Kampung Titingan
Village
Other transcription(s)
 • Jawiكامڤوڠ تيتيڠن‎
Morning view of Kampung Titingan
Morning view of Kampung Titingan
Nickname: 
Kampung Ice Box
Kampung Titingan is located in Malaysia
Kampung Titingan
Kampung Titingan
Coordinates: 4°14′26.0574″N 117°54′15.093″E / 4.240571500°N 117.90419250°E / 4.240571500; 117.90419250
Country Malaysia
StateSabah Sabah
DistrictTawau District
Area
 • Total7 ha (17 acres)
Population
 (2010)[1]
 • Total5,000
 • Density71,000/km2 (180,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+08:00 (MST)
Postcode
91000
Telephone area code+6-089

Kampung Titingan is a village in the Tawau District of the state of Sabah, in Malaysia. The village is also known by its nickname of Kampung Ice Box, or Ice Box. The village is a shanty town, occupying a wide area with high population density, and most of its lands belong to the Government of Sabah.[2][3]

Kampung Titingan is one of the biggest and best-known slums in Tawau.[4][5] A large number of illegal migrants live in this area, the majority originating from the Philippines and Indonesia.[6] The village has high levels of crime and gangster activity, and was once known as a "dark area" of Tawau.[7]

On 7 March 2010, the then Chief Minister of Sabah, Datuk Seri Musa Aman, declared that the village would be transformed into a town, to be renamed Bandar Baru Titingan, or Titingan New Town.[8]

History

Kampung Titingan is one of the earliest villages built in Tawau District.[9] The village was nicknamed Kampung Ice Box after a nearby ice factory, which in the 1970s often dumped defective refrigerators by the roadside.[1] Its official name, Titingan, honours Sabah's most important figure, Datuk Seri Panglima Abu Bakar Titingan [ms], who was born in the village. Abu Bakar Titingan defended his village from destruction. His son, Datuk Tawfiq Abu Bakar Titingan was a Sabah State Legislative Assembly representative for Titingan town.[10]

In the 1980s, a boom in agriculture in Tawau District led many Kampung Titingan residents to leave the village to work on farms in other locations. New immigrants built homes in the vacant areas. With this sudden expansion, during the 1990s village became one of the most notorious slums of Sabah.[1]

Village fire

Kampung Titingan has suffered repeated damage by fire over the years.

On 4 September 1989, the worst fire in Sabah's history destroyed 1,060 houses in the village, leaving 5,766 residents homeless.[11] Kampung Titingan was the subject of national media attention again a decade later, when a fire on 2 August 1999 left 1,000 residents without homes.[12] A fire on 20 September 2010 fires burnt down 51 houses and displaced 365 residents.[13]

On 31 January 2011, fire in Block 6 of Kampung Titungan destroyed 50 houses, affecting 300 residents.[14][15] Initially, construction was not permitted in the fire-affected area. But in the second half of 2011, residents were allowed to rebuild at their own cost. The rebuilt quarter was to be better planned than before the fires.[16]

On 8 March 2011, another fire at Block 9 affected 500 residents and destroyed approximately 50 houses.[17] On 15 January 2012, a fire in the village killed two children, destroying seven houses and displacing 74 people from 23 families.[18] Another 6 houses burnt down a year later, on 23 January 2013.[19]

Date Houses destroyed People displaced Deaths
4 September 1989 1,060[11] 5,766 —
2 August 1999 — 1,000[12] —
20 September 2010 51[13] 365 —
31 January 2011 50[14] 300 —
8 March 2011 50[17] 500 —
15 January 2012 7[18] 74 2
23 January 2013 6[19] — —

Demolition

On February 2002, in an intervention known as Operasi Nyah II Bersepadu, the government of Sabah demolished a number of houses built on public lands in Kampung Titingan Pasir. Resettlement of the many illegal migrants whose homes were torn down led to a significant reduction in gangster activity in the area.[1][20] On 6 November 2013, Tawau Municipal Council demolished another 11 houses in the village, in Operasi Roboh (Operation Demolition).[21]

Redevelopment

On 27 June 2007, Akar Budi Tuah Sdn Bhd signed an agreement with the Sabah Economic Development Corporation to redevelop the village into a town, to be known as Bandar Baru Titingan (Titingan New Town). The planned redevelopment involved the construction of new amenities, including: banks, hotels, shops, public housing, and a recreational center, at an estimated cost of over RM 1.5 billion.[22]

Geography

Marine debris in Kampung Titingan, 2012

Kampung Titingan is 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from Tawau, and occupies around 7 hectares (17 acres).[9][23] It is situated on the coast, in a former mangrove area near the Tawau River.[24]

One of the main environmental issues associated with Kampung Titingan is water pollution, caused by residents disposing of refuse directly into the rivers and sea.[25]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Goh, Roy (4 July 2010). "All's cool at Kampung Ice Box". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  2. ^ "1.0 TAWAU DISTRICT". Government of Sabah. 1 April 1999. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  3. ^ "100 Penduduk Tinggal Sehelai Sepinggang Dalam Kebakaran Di Kampung Titingan, Tawau" [100 residents resides together in a fire at Kampung Titingan, Tawau]. BERNAMA (in Malay). 5 June 2011. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  4. ^ "Illegal Squatter Dwellings in Sabah". etawau.com. 31 July 2008. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  5. ^ "1 Rapid Survey of Development Opportunities & Constraints (Doc) for Tawau District". Government of Sabah. 30 March 1999. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  6. ^ Hj. Abdul Hadi., Abdul Samad; Mohamad, Sulong (1990). Pembandaran dan transformasi bandar Negeri Sabah [Urbanization and transformation of cities in Sabah] (in Malay). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. p. 243. OCLC 22923588.
  7. ^ "HAYATI KONSEP 1MALAYSIA" [Appreciate the 1Malaysia concept]. DUN APAS (in Malay). 9 November 2009. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  8. ^ "KG TITINGAN BAKAL MENJADI SEBUAH BANDAR BARU" [Kampung Titingan will become new town]. DUN APAS (in Malay). 9 March 2010. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  9. ^ a b "Kampung Titingan bakal jadi bandar baharu" [Kampung Titingan to become new town]. Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). 1 June 2013. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  10. ^ S Jumadi, Shaimon (16 November 2013). "Polis gagal banteras budak-budak nakal ganggu penduduk Flat Sri Titingan" [Police failed to take action against children that disturbing residents of Sri Titingan apartment]. Borneo Insider (in Malay). Archived from the original on 16 November 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2020. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 14 December 2013 suggested (help)
  11. ^ a b Lai, James (September 1989). "ADRA Aids after Kumpung Fires" (PDF). Southeast Asia Union Messenger. Southeast Asia Publishing House. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  12. ^ a b "Fire Leaves 1,000 Squatters Homeless". The Straits Times. 3 August 1999. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  13. ^ a b "365 mangsa kebakaran di Kampung Titingan tinggal sehelai sepinggang" [365 fire victims lived together in Kampung Titingan]. Berita Harian (in Malay). 20 September 2010. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  14. ^ a b "50 rumah rentung kebakaran di Tawau" [50 houses burnt in Tawau]. Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). 1 February 2011. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  15. ^ "Fire Victims To Be Given Aid According To Regulations: Shafie". BERNAMA. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2020..
  16. ^ "ADUN nafi kebakaran dirancang" [ADUN reject planned fires]. Berita Harian (in Malay). Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  17. ^ a b "500 tinggal sehelai sepinggang, 50 rumah hangus dalam kebakaran" [500 residents living together, 50 houses destroyed in a fire]. Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). 9 March 2011. Archived from the original on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  18. ^ a b "Dua beradik rentung dalam kebakaran 7 buah rumah" [Two children killed in a fire involving 7 houses]. Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  19. ^ a b "Enam Rumah Musnah Dalam Kebakaran Di Kampung Titingan" [Eight houses destroyed in a fire at Kampung Titingan]. The Star (in Malay). Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  20. ^ BERNAMA (2 April 2003). "Dr Ongkili Appointed Science & Technology Adviser To Sabah CM". Sabah United Party. Archived from the original on 6 May 2003. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  21. ^ Tamrin. "44 buah rumah setinggan akan dirobohkan…" [44 slum houses to be demolished]. Radio Televisyen Malaysia (in Malay). Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  22. ^ "Kampung Titingan Akan Dibangun Sebagai Bandar Baru Titingan" [Kampung Titingan will be redeveloped as Bandar Baru Titingan]. BERNAMA (in Malay). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  23. ^ Amat, Ardyhansah. "Tak kenal alam sekolah" [Not knowing the nature of the school]. Harian Metro (in Malay). Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  24. ^ Brookfield, Harold (1995). In place of the forest : environmental and socio-economic transformation in Borneo and the eastern Malay Peninsula. Tokyo: United Nations University Press. p. 219-220. ISBN 9280808931.
  25. ^ "1.0 TAWAU DISTRICT". Government of Sabah (in Malay). 1 April 1999. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
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