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2022 South Korean presidential election

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2022 Korean presidential election
← 2017 9 March 2022 2027 →
  File:Yoon Seok-youl at the People Power Party Presidential Primary Candidate Debate.png
Nominee Lee Jae-myung Yoon Seok-youl
Party Democratic People Power
 
Nominee Sim Sang-jung Ahn Cheol-soo
Party Justice People Party (South Korea)
Incumbent President

Moon Jae-in
Democratic



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The 2022 South Korean presidential election, or 20th Republic of Korea presidential election (Korean: 제20대 대한민국 대통령 선거) in South Korea, is scheduled to be held in South Korea on 9 March 2022. It will be the eighth presidential election since democratization. Under the South Korean constitution, the president is restricted to a single five-year term in office,[1] meaning the incumbent president Moon Jae-in is ineligible to run for a second term.

Background

Electoral system

The President of South Korea is elected via a single round plurality voting system. The President serves a term of five years and is ineligible to seek re-election either directly or indirectly.

Following the 2016 South Korean political scandal which led to the impeachment of President Park Geun-hye, an early election was called. Longtime liberal politician Moon Jae-in of the Democratic Party defeated right-wing firebrand Hong Jun-pyo (Liberty Korea Party) and centrist Ahn Cheol-soo by a wide margin in the 2017 presidential election, bringing liberals back to the Blue House for the first time in nine years. Following a somewhat rocky first three years in office, Moon's hand was significantly strengthened by his party's historic victory in the 2020 legislative election, which gave his party an absolute majority of 163 out of 300 seats in the National Assembly.[2]

Fall in President Moon's popularity

Moon Jae-in's presidential job approval rating, by Gallup Korea

However, by April 2021, President Moon's approval rating fell into the low 30s, the lowest of his term, leading to the famous tabloid headline "Not Over The Moon With Moon".[3] The Moon administration's fall in public approval was attributed to the perception of double standards, as seen in the alleged meddling of former Justice Minister Cho Kuk and his wife in their children's school admissions, contentious reforms to the national prosecution service leading to the resignation of the Prosecutor General Yoon Seok-youl (who is speculated to stand for the presidency in 2022), the Moon administration's perceived failings in real estate policies such as tightening of borrowing rules and raising various home-related taxes, affecting young people who wish to buy a home of their own. A property speculation scandal which erupted in late March 2021 in South Korea's top housing agency, the Korea Land & Housing Corporation (LH) at a time of rising house prices was also blamed on the government, leading to the Democrats' defeats in the April 2021 South Korean by-elections for mayoralties of Seoul and Busan.[4] Following the by-election setbacks, Moon was perceived to be a lame duck, with a year to go before the 2022 elections to replace him.[5] However, Moon's approval ratings were the highest for any president entering his or her final year in office, compared to his predecessors.[6]

Shift in male youth support to conservatives

Notably, in addition to the backlash caused by housing policies for young voters, the swing against the Democratic Party was also attributed to its continued support for feminism and pro-women policies, which caused a backlash among young men and prompting male voters in the 20s to vote for the conservatives. Among male voters in their 20s in Seoul, the PPP candidate Oh Se-hoon received a staggering 72.5 percent support in the exit poll. Seoul exit polls showed that young voters, who have traditionally sided with the Democratic Party, voted for the conservative People's Power Party (PPP) by huge majorities, by a margin of 55.3 percent to 34.1 percent among voters in their 20s, and 56.5 percent to 38.7 percent among voters in their 30s.[7][8]

In addition, the opposition People Power Party elected 36 year old Lee Jun-seok as the new party chief in June 2021, defeating four other established politicians while putting concerns of young people and opposition for affirmative action at the heart of his pitch and also announcing plans for a 'big tent' approach for the party's appeal to the electorate, which is seen as a generational shift in South Korean politics.[9] Thus the youth vote is seen to be a swing demographic in the 2022 elections.

Rise of political 'outsider' candidates

Multiple leading presidential hopefuls, including former Prosecutor General Yoon Seok-youl, former Deputy Prime Minister Kim Dong-yeon and former Board of Audit and Inspection Chair Choi Jae-hyung, had never held or run for an elective office. In addition, the Democratic frontrunner Gyeonggi governor Lee Jae-myung had never been a member of the National Assembly. Political commentators observed that the rise of those without legislative careers reflected growing public distrust in South Korea's establishment politicians, which was also observed in the surprise election of Lee Jun-seok, a 36-year-old who has never held a public office, as the youngest-ever chairman of the opposition People Power Party (PPP).[10]

Candidates

Democratic Party

The Democratic Party (Korean: 더불어민주당) is the ruling political party of South Korea following its victories in the 2017 presidential election, 2018 local elections and the 2020 National Assembly election. While the current party was technically founded in 2014,[11] it should be understood as the current iteration of South Korea's long line of liberal parties dating back to the original Democratic Party that was founded in 1955. The party is considered to be something of a big tent party comprising both centrist[12] and liberal factions.[13]

Politicians in the party generally support a social market economy with a strong social safety net, anti-corruption measures, direct democracy, and environmentalist policies.[14] On matters of foreign policy, the party supports reconciliation and eventual reunification with North Korea.[15] Incumbent president Moon Jae-in, a member of the party, is ineligible to run for reelection due to term limits. The party is particularly strong in Honam region.[16]

Primary campaign

Following and prior to his victory in the crucial district of Jongno in the 2020 legislative election, former Prime Minister Lee Nak-yeon emerged as the frontrunner for both the Democratic Party's nomination and the general election. Lee, who is celebrated for his expertise on Japanese relations[17][18] and administrative capabilities he has shown during his time as South Jeolla Provincial Governor[19] and President Moon Jae-in's first Prime minister,[20] is supported by Moon's faction of the party evinced by his landslide victory in party leadership contest.[21] However, Lee's January 2021 proposal to pardon corrupt former conservative presidents Park Geun-hye and Lee Myung-bak led to a fall in his support. Gyeonggi Governor Lee Jae-Myung, who ran a left-wing populist campaign for president in 2017 while Mayor of Seongnam, has emerged as the most popular prospective candidate across parties as a result of his well-received response to the 2019 coronavirus pandemic and his proposal for a universal basic income.[22] Moon's second prime minister, Chung Sye-kyun, also resigned to run for the presidency.[23]

The primary campaign saw clashes which became increasingly heated between Lee Nak-yeon and Lee Jae-myung.[24]

Primary schedule and process

The nominating primaries are scheduled to be held in September 2021, although representatives of the Lee Nak-yon and Chung Sye-kyun camps have called for the primaries to be delayed to November.[25] The calls to delay the primary are seen to be attempts to prevent frontrunner Lee Jae-myung from getting the nomination, as he is the most preferred candidate among the public and the party.[26]

On 25 June, the party's supreme council decided to hold the primary as scheduled by 10 September.[25] The timetable for the process is as follows:[25]

  • 28 to 30 June - Registration of candidates
  • 9 to 11 July - Preliminary primary involving a 50:50 survey of the general public and party members
  • 11 July - announcement of the top six candidates eligible for the main primary
  • Before 10 September - Announcement of primary result and party nominee

On 19 July, the party announced a delay in the final selection of candidates to mid-October due to an upsurge in COVID-19 cases in South Korea.[27]

Following the completion of the nationwide primaries on 10 October 2021, Lee Jae-myung was announced as the party's candidate for president.

Results
Candidate Place Votes Percentage
Lee Jae-myung Nominated 719,905 50.29%
Lee Nak-yeon 2nd 560,392 39.14%
Choo Mi-ae 3rd 129,035 9.01%
Park Yong-jin 4th 22,261 1.55%
1,431,593 100%

The votes above only count the votes cast for the four candidates who lasted to the final round of the primary and does not include votes of candidates who dropped out halfway, namely Chung Sye-kyun and Kim Doo-kwan. Before dropping out, Chung received 23,731 votes and Kim received 4,411 votes.[28]

On 10 October, after the announcement of Lee Jae-myung's nomination, the Lee Nak-yeon camp attempted to appeal the results. A day later, the campaign submitted an appeal to the party headquarters. Rep. Hong Young-pyo, representing the Lee Nak-yeon campaign, said if the votes of Kim and Chung were included, Lee Jae-myung only won 49.32% of the vote, requiring a run-off. However party chairman Song Young-gil rejected the appeal and confirmed Lee Jae-myung as the official candidate, going further to add that the specific clause of not counting votes of candidates who dropped out was approved during a party convention in August 2020 when Lee Nak-yeon himself was the then party chairman. Song then asked the Lee Nak-yeon campaign to respect the party's rules and constitution.[28]

On 13 October, the party affairs committee, by a vote of 64 of the 76 panel members to 12 against, formally dismissed the appeal. Lee Nak-yeon formally conceded and vowed to do his part to ensure the party's victory in the March election.[29]

Candidate

Democratic Party Ticket
style="font-size:135%; color:white; background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color"|Lee Jae-myung
for President
35th
Governor of Gyeonggi Province
(2018–2021)
Campaign

Other primary candidates

The following individuals were candidates for the Democratic party primaries until the conclusion of the nomination process on 10 October, in sequence of announcement of candidacy:

Eliminated candidates

On 11 July 2021, Democratic Party of Korea narrowed its primary candidates down to six in the first round of the party primary. As a result, two candidates were eliminated.[38]

Withdrawn candidates

People Power Party

The People Power Party (Korean: 국민의힘) is the current iteration of a long line of South Korean conservative parties. The party was formally established in 2020[50] following a merger of multiple conservative parties created in the fallout of the 2016 South Korean corruption scandal that led to the fall of conservative president Park Geun-hye and her Saenuri Party. In the 2017 presidential election, the party's predecessor nominated right-wing populist[51] Hong Jun-pyo, who went on to lose the election to liberal Moon Jae-in.

The party lost further ground in the 2020 National Assembly election.[52] However, the party has since regained ground after retaking the mayoralties of Seoul and Busan in the 2021 South Korean by-elections. On matters of policy, politicians in the party generally support neoliberal economic policies (including support for chaebols,[53] the industrial conglomerates that dominate the South Korean economy) and hold conservative positions on national security, including hawkish stances on North Korea.[54] The party is particularly strong in the southeastern Gyeongsang region.[55]

Under new party chairman Lee Jun-seok's plans for a 'big tent' approach for the party's appeal to the electorate and desire to unify opposition forces against the Democratic Party, up to 14 individuals have declared or expressed interest in running for the PPP nomination. Of the 14, Ahn Cheol-soo is not a member of the PPP.[9]

Primary campaign

Yoon Seok-youl, previously an independent, had been a potential frontrunner for the nomination since early 2020 despite not initially being a member of the party.[56][57] Yoon led a January 2021 opinion poll as the most favored presidential candidate at 30.4 percent, over the ruling Democratic Party's Lee Jae-myung and Lee Nak-yeon.[58] Yoon had expressed interest in joining the party, but had also not ruled out the possibility of creating his own party and then forging an electoral alliance with the PPP afterwards.[59] After officially declaring his candidacy on 29 June 2021, Yoon officially joined the PPP on 30 July.[60][61][62]

Initially, former Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn, a longtime prosecutor who entered politics as Minister of Justice and later became acting President of South Korea following Park Geun-hye's removal from office, was seen as the most likely right-wing candidate for the 2022 presidential election.[63] However, his high-profile defeat in the 2020 South Korean legislative election in the crucial Jongno district by Democratic 2022 presidential candidate and former Prime Minister Lee Nak-yeon harmed his standing in national polling.[64]

Right-wing populist Hong Jun-pyo, the conservative opponent of Moon in 2017, is seeking the PPP nomination again for 2022.[65]

Former National Assembly member Yoo Seong-min, one of the most prominent conservative opponents of Park Geun-hye and a co-founder of the breakaway Bareun Party in 2016, announced his candidacy in May 2020.[66]

Choi Jae-hyung, former Chairman of the Board of Audit and Inspection, joined the party on 15 July 2021.[67] On 26 July, Choi officially registered his candidacy with the National Election Commission.[68] On 30 July, upon frontrunner Yoon Seok-youl's entrance into the People Power Party, Choi personally welcomed Yoon in a small COVID-19-aware media ceremony.[68]

Chang Sŏng-min, President of the World and Northeast Asia Peace Forum, former aide to president Kim Dae-jung and former member of the National Assembly (2000–2002) announced his PPP membership on 2 August and announced his candidacy on 15 August 2021.[69]

In August 2021, the primary campaign was marked by clashes between party chairman Lee and frontrunner Yoon. Yoon was accused of snubbing planned debates between the primary contenders mooted by Lee and the party leadership as Yoon was allegedly unprepared for debate questioning, including scandals involving his family and lacking broad knowledge on various social issues, as evidenced by gaffes made during the campaign. Yoon attacked Lee, calling him "self-righteous" while Lee hit back and said Yoon was uncooperative with the party leadership.[70] In addition, Lee was also accused of being partial and taking sides, regarded as unbecoming of a party chairman's role.[71] Other PPP candidates waded into the issue and criticised Yoon.[72]

In a bombshell, former Prosecutor General Yoon was charged by the Corruption Investigation Office for High-ranking Officials (CIO) on multiple charges, including abuse of power on 10 September, for allegedly prodding the PPP to lodge criminal complaints against pro-government figures ahead of the April 2020 parliamentary elections to possibly influence the polls.[73] By this point, Yoon was no longer the frontrunner for the PPP nomination, instead, 2017 candidate Hong Jun-pyo had overtaken Yoon according to opinion polls to become the frontrunner for the PPP nomination.[74]

During the campaign, Yoon made a series of controversial statements which took a toll on his support:[75]

  • Criticizing the Moon administration's 52-hour work week policy, Yoon called for more flexibility for corporate managers, saying that, for example, employees at a game development studio should be able to work up to 120 hours a week during peak season and given ample downtime when work was slow. (Currently, South Korea already has among the longest working hours among the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member states)
  • implying that the growing feminist movement in South Korea was a factor in the country's low birthrate
  • "Poor people should be allowed to choose to have inferior food to eat at lower prices", in reference to government regulations and food safety.
  • On Japan's Fukushima power plant, that "basically radiation leaks did not occur as the power plant itself wasn't destroyed."
  • In October 2021, Yoon said of former president and dictator Chun Doo-hwan, "Many people still consider Chun as having done well in politics, except the military coup and the Gwangju Uprising," and added the claim that some people in the southwestern region of Honam, which includes Gwangju, also think that way.[76] This comment was criticized by both the Democratic party and even within the PPP. To make matters worse, after Yoon made a reluctant apology, a photo posted on Instagram of his dog being fed an apple caused controversy. In Korean, "apology" and "apple" are homonyms and the fact that Yoon's dog was given the fruit only hours after the public apology led to criticism that Yoon was not truly sorry and dismissed the people as dogs.[77]

Candidate

People Power Party Ticket
style="font-size:135%; color:white; background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color"|Yoon Seok-youl
for President
File:Yoon Seok-youl prosecutor general portrait.jpg
Prosecutor General of South Korea
(2019–2021)

Other candidates

The following individuals were candidates for the People Power Party primaries until the conclusion of the nomination process on 5 November, in sequence of announcement of candidacy:

Eliminated candidates

The following candidates were eliminated by a party cut-off process on 15 September.

The following 4 candidates were eliminated on 8 October.[84]

Withdrawn candidates

  • Yun Hee-suk, member of the National Assembly (2020–2021)[92][93] (announced 2 July 2021, ended campaign on 25 August)
  • Kim Tae-ho, member of the National Assembly (2011–2016, 2020–present) and former Governor of South Gyeongsang (2002–2010)[94][95] (announced 15 July 2021, ended campaign on 17 August)

Did not run

Amid reports of a dossier detailing illegal activities of Yoon Seok-youl and his family in late June 2021, Seoul Mayor Oh Se-hoon, who had recently won the April 2021 mayoral by-election, was speculated to join the primary race if Yoon dropped out. Ultimately this did not materialize.[88]

Another candidate who intended to run for the PPP nomination was Ahn Cheol-soo, founder and leader of the People Party.[88] Ahn, a former medical doctor, software engineer and National Assembly member who is known for his centrist views, is considered a possible candidate following his performance in the 2017 presidential election. Ahn had also recently run for Mayor of Seoul in the 2021 by-elections, but had pulled out of the race and supported PPP candidate Oh Se-hoon after losing opinion surveys to Oh, who would go on to win the race. On 22 June 2021, Ahn began negotiations with the PPP and its party leader Lee Jun-seok, reportedly considering a merger between his People Party and the PPP and a bid for the presidency on the PPP ticket.[88] These negotiations ended unsuccessfully on 16 August due to disagreements on party-level issues such as proposed changes to the PPP's name and method of picking a 2022 candidate.[96]

People Party

The People Party (Korean: 국민의당) is a conservative liberal, socially conservative and reformist party that was registered in February 2020. The party is considered a minor or third party, where current politics is mostly dominated by the centre-left Democratic Party of Korea and the right-wing People Power Party. It is the most recent party founded by centrist politician Ahn Cheol-soo, a former medical doctor and software executive who ran for president in the 2012 and 2017 presidential elections and emerged at various points as a possible winning contender. In the 2017 election, Ahn emerged as a major threat to eventual winner Moon Jae-in, at one point polling nearly even with Moon before collapsing in polling and finishing behind conservative firebrand candidate Hong Jun-pyo with approximately 21.41% of the vote. In the 2020 National Assembly election, the People Party fared poorly, winning a mere 3 seats; in comparison, Ahn's previous outfit, the identically named People Party, won an unexpectedly large 38 seats in the 2016 National Assembly election. In the 2021 elections, Ahn ran for Mayor of Seoul, but, in a pre-negotiated deal with the PPP, pulled out of the race after losing opinion polls to PPP candidate Oh Se-hoon and supported Oh, who would go on to win the election.

Ahn was considering a candidacy and party merger with the People Power Party. However, the negotiations between Ahn and PPP leader Lee Jun-seok ended with hostilities on 16 August 2021.[97]

On 8 October 2021, the Party's "Central Party Election Planning Group" was launched, and it took the first steps in the process of selecting a presidential candidate.[98]

On 1 November 2021, Ahn Cheol-soo announced his candidacy in the 2022 presidential election.[99] The People Party's Central Party Election Planning Group will receive applications for other presidential candidates for two days following Ahn's announcement, but it is considered extremely likely that Ahn will be the People Party's presidential candidate.[100]

On 3 November, Ahn publicly rejected the idea of merging the candidacies of the People Party and the People Power Party.[101]

Declared candidates

Justice Party

The Justice Party (Korean: 정의당) is a centre-left, social democratic and progressive party that was founded in October 2012.

Candidate

Justice Party Ticket
style="font-size:135%; color:white; background:Template:Justice Party (South Korea)/meta/color"|Sim Sang-jung
for President
Member of the National Assembly
(2012–)

Other primary candidates

  • Lee Jeong-mi, former member of the National Assembly (2016–2020) and former leader of the Justice Party (2017–2019) (announced 23 August 2021)[104]
  • Hwang Sun-sik, two-term member of the Gwacheon City Council in Gyeonggi-do. (announced 31 August 2021)
  • Kim Yun-gi, acting Representative of the Justice Party (announced 2 September 2021)

Minor party candidates

Party Candidate Position Notes
style="background-color: Template:National Revolutionary Dividends Party/meta/color" | National Revolutionary Dividends Party Huh Kyung-young Syncretic Party founder and 2018 candidate for Seoul Mayor, 1997 and 2007 Republican presidential candidate.[105]
style="background-color: Template:Progressive Party (South Korea, 2017)/meta/color" | Progressive Party Kim Jae-yeon Left-wing to far-left Former member of the National Assembly (2012–2014).
style="background-color: Template:Our Republican Party/meta/color" | Our Republican Party Cho Won-jin Far-right Former member of the National Assembly (2008–2020). Saenuri Party's presidential candidate in the 2017 presidential election[106]
style="background-color: Template:National Revolutionary Party (South Korea, 2021)/meta/color" | National Revolutionary Party Kim Gyeong-jae Professor, pastor, and former director of the Christian Academy of Korea.
Korean Unification Party Lee Gyeong-hee Ethnic nationalism
New Wave – Squid Party Kim Dong-yeon Centre Endorsed by Period Transition

Basic Income Party

With one member of the National Assembly, the centre-left, single issue Basic Income Party is represented nationally. The Basic Income Party is having issues finding a Presidential candidate, as the Korean Constitution requires a candidate to be at least 40 years of age and the average age of a member of the Basic Income Party is 28. However, the Party will be going through an internal primary and will announce the results on 1 December 2021.[107][citation needed]

Opinion polling

Polling after nominees confirmed


Polling firm / Client Fieldwork
date 		Sample
size 		Margin of
error 		Lee Jae-myung
DP 		Yoon Seok-youl
PPP 		Sim Sang-jung
JP 		Ahn Cheol-soo
PP 		Kim Dong-yeon
NW–SP 		Huh Kyung-young
NRDP 		Others/
Undecided 		Lead
class="unsortable" style="background-color: Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color" | class="unsortable" style="background-color: Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color" | class="unsortable" style="background-color: Template:Justice Party (South Korea)/meta/color" | class="unsortable" style="background-color: Template:People Party (South Korea)/meta/color" |
ARC ARC 10-11 Nov 1,006 ±3.1%p 34.6% 47.4% 2.1% 3.7% — 2.9% 9.5% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 12.8%
Realmeter JoongBoo Daily 9-10 Nov 810 ±3.4%p 35.4% 45.0% 4.4% 5.7% 1.8% — 7.7% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 9.6%
PNR New Daily 5-6 Nov 1,009 ±3.1%p 31.2% 43.0% 3.7% 4.7% 1.4% 15.9% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 11.8%
KSOI TBS 5-6 Nov 1,005 ±3.1%p 30.3% 45.8% 3.2% 4.7% 0.9% 15.0% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 15.5%

Polling before nominees finalized

Polling firm / Client Fieldwork
date 		Sample
size 		Margin of
error 		DP PPP PP Others None / Undecided Lead
Lee Jae-myung Lee Nak-yeon Choo Mi-ae Chung Sye-kyun Park Yong-jin Yoon Seok-youl Choi Jae-hyung Hong Jun-pyo Yoo Seung-min Ahn Cheol-soo
colspan="5" style="background-color: Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color" | colspan="4" style="background-color: Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color" | style="background-color: Template:People Party/meta/color" |
National Barometer Survey 4-6 Oct 1,006 ±3.1%p 26% 11% 1% 0% 17% 1% 15% 2% 2%
3%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1%
  • Hwang Kyo-ahn 1%
  • Others 1%
 15% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 9%
Korea Research International MBC News 25-26 Sep 1,001 ±3.1%p 27.8% 11.7% 1.8% 0.5% 17.2% 1.1% 16.3% 2.9% 0.9%
3.9%
  • Sim Sang-jung 0.9%
  • Won Hui-ryong 0.9%
 15.8% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 10.6%
KSOI TBS 17-18 Sep 1,004 ±3.1%p 23.6% 13.7% 2.9% - 0.8% 28.8% 1.6% 15.4% 2.9% 2.4%
3.4%
  • Sim Sang-jung 2.1%
 4.6% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 5.2%
National Barometer Survey 13-15 Sep 1,007 ±3.1%p 28% 11% 2% 0% 20% 1% 14% 2% 2%
3%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1%
  • Others 1%
 15% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 8%
KSOI TBS 3-4 Sep 1,003 ±3.1%p 28.0% 11.7% 2.5% - 0.8% 26.4% 4.1% 13.6% 3.7% 1.6%
2.5%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.4%
 4.9% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 1.6%
Gallup Korea 31 Aug-2 Sep 1,000 ±3.1%p 24% 8% 1% 1% - 19% 2% 6% 2% 2% 3% 32% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 5%
National Barometer Survey 30 Aug-1 Sep 1,012 ±3.1%p 25% 10% 2% 1% 1% 19% 2% 10% 2% 3%
4%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1%
  • Others 1%
 21% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 6%
KSOI TBS 27–28 Aug 1,015 ±3.1%p 29.1% 13.6% 3.0% - 0.7% 27.4% 2.3% 9.4% 3.4% 2.6%
3.4%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.6%
 5.0% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 1.7%
RnSearch Gyeonggi Shinmun 25-26 Aug 1,010 ±3.1%p 27.2% 15.1% 1.8% 1.8% 0.6% 26.8% 3.7% 8.2% 3.2% 2.3%
3.2%
  • Others 3.2%
 6.0% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 0.4%
National Barometer Survey 23-25 Aug 1,004 ±3.1%p 26% 9% 1% 1% 0% 20% 2% 7% 2% 3%
5%
  • Sim Sang-jung 2%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1%
  • Others 1%
 25% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 6%
Realmeter JTBC 21-22 Aug 1,004 ±3.1%p 27.7% 14.1% 2.9% 2.2% 0.3% 30.4% 5.0% 6.8% 2.6% 1.5%
3.3%
  • Others 3.3%
 3.3% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 2.7%
KSOI TBS 20–21 Aug 1,007 ±3.1%p 26.8% 12.4% 3.3% 0% 0.4% 29.8% 5.1% 8.4% 3.6% 1.5%
4.1%
  • Others 4.1%
 4.5% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 3%
National Barometer Survey 16-18 Aug 1,010 ±3.1%p 26% 10% 2% 1% 0% 19% 3% 4% 2% 3%
3%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1%
  • Won Hui-ryong 2%
  • Others 0%
 25% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 7%
Korea Research International MBC News 16-17 Aug 1,002 ±3.1%p 29.8% 10.6% 1.4% 1.0% 0.5% 19.5% 3.9% 5.3% 2.8% 2.8%
3.9%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.2%
  • Won Hui-ryong 0.8%
 18.5% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 10.3%
Next Research SBS News 13–14 Aug 1,004 ±3.1%p 23.2% 10.6% 2.7% 1.0% 0.3% 21.7% 3.2% 7.0% 2.3% 2.5%
3.2%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.3%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1.3%
 22.3% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 1.5%
KSOI TBS 13-14 Aug 1,007 ±3.1%p 26.2% 12.9% 4.0% 1.8% 0.8% 30.6% 0% 7.3% 3.4% 2.4%
5.2%
  • Others 5.2%
 5.4% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 4.4%
Hankook Research KBS News 12–14 Aug 1,000 ±3.1%p 25.6% 11.0% 2.1% 0.9% 0.4% 18.1% 4.4% 4.8% 2.3% 2.4%
5.8%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.5%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1.0%
  • Hwang Kyo-ahn 0.6%
  • Ha Tae-kyoung 0.5%
  • Kim Du-kwan 0.4%
  • Others 1.8%
 22.2% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 7.5%
Media Research OBS 11–12 Aug 1,000 ±3.1%p 26.6% 17.0% 3.5% 1.7% 0.4% 26.4% 5.6% 4.6% 2.8% 1.9%
4%
  • Sim Sang-jung 0.2%
  • Won Hui-ryong 0.5%
 5.5% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 0.2%
National Barometer Survey 9-11 Aug 1,017 ±3.1%p 23% 12% 2% 1% 0% 19% 3% 5% 2% 3%
2%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1%
 27% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 4%
Realmeter Oh My News 9-10 Aug 2,031 ±2.2%p 25.9% 12.9% 2.9% 2.1% 1.1% 26.3% 6.1% 5.4% 2.4% 2.3%
7.6%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.1%
  • Others 6.5%
 5.0% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 0.4%
KSOI TBS 6–7 Aug 1,004 ±3.1%p 28.4% 16.2% 3.2% 1.3% 0.3% 28.3% 6.1% 4.2% 3.5% 2.5%
2.0%
  • Others 2.0%
 3.9% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 0.1%
Gallup Korea 3–5 Aug 1,001 ±3.1%p 25% 11% 1% 1% - 19% 4% 2% - 1% 3% 29% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 6%
National Barometer Survey 2-4 Aug 1,003 ±3.1%p 28% 10% 2% 1% 0% 22% 3% 4% 1% 2%
4%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1%
  • Hwang Kyo-ahn 1%
  • Others 1%
 23% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 6%
KSOI TBS 30–31 Jul 1,013 ±3.1%p 27.4% 16.0% 3.9% 1.2% 0.7% 32.3% 5.8% 4.1% 2.4% 2.2%
1.6%
  • Others 1.6%
 2.4% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 4.9%
30 July 2021 Yoon Seok-youl joins the People Power Party[108]
National Barometer Survey 26-28 Jul 1,003 ±3.1%p 25% 12% 1% 1% 0% 19% 3% 3% 2% 1%
2%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1%
 28% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 6%
Hangil Research Kukinews 24–26 Jul 1,006 ±3.1%p 23.7% 15.8% 5.2% - - 29.8% - 4.4% 3.5% -
6.7%
  • Others 6.7%
 10.8% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 6.1%
WinG Korea Asia Business 24–25 Jul 1,008 ±3.1%p 28.6% 16.9% 3.4% 2.4% 0.9% 24.3% 5.9% 5% 2.6% 2%
3.5%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1.4%
  • Park Yong-jin 0.7%
  • Others 4.8%
 5.5% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 4.3%
KSOI TBS 23–24 Jul 1,006 ±3.1%p 26% 18.2% 2.5% 2.3% 0.8% 26.9% 8.1% 4.7% 2.8% 2%
2.3%
  • Others 1.0%
 4.9% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 0.9%
National Barometer Survey 19–21 Jul 1,005 ±3.1%p 27% 14% 2% 1% 0% 19% 3% 4% 2% 3%
4%
  • Sim Sang-jung 2%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1%
  • Hwang Kyo-ahn 0%
  • Others 1%
 26% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 8%
KRi MBC News 17–18 Jul 1,015 ±3.1%p 27.1% 14.6% 2.9% 1.3% 19.7% 4.8% 3.9% 1.1% 2.8%
5.5%
  • Won Hee-ryong 1.5%
  • Kim Du-kwan 1.0%
  • Kim Dong-yeon 0.9%
  • Others 2.1%
 2.4% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 7.4%
Realmeter JTBC 17–18 Jul 1,000 ±3.1%p 23.8% 20.1% 4.5% 6.4% 0.9% 22% 6% 4.6% 2% 1.7%
5.5%
  • Won Hee-ryong 1.5%
  • Kim Du-kwan 1.0%
  • Kim Dong-yeon 0.9%
  • Others 2.1%
 2.4% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 1.8%
KSOI TBS 16–17 Jul 1,013 ±3.1%p 25.4% 19.3% 3.4% - 0.9% 30.3% 5.6% 3.3% 2.3% 2.2%
2.3%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.2%
  • Others 1.1%
 4.9% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 4.9%
15 July 2021 Choi Jae-hyung joins the People Power Party[109]
National Barometer Survey 12–14 Jul 1,016 ±3.1%p 26% 14% 3% 1% 0% 20% 3% 4% 2% 2%
4%
  • Sim Sang-jung 2%
  • Hwang Kyo-ahn 1%
  • Won Hui-ryong 0%
  • Kim Du-kwan 0%
  • Ha Tae-kyoung 0%
  • Others 1%
 22% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 6%
HRI Seoul Shinmun 12–14 Jul 1,208 ±2.83%p 27.2% 16% 2.9% 2.6% - 26.8% 5.1% 4% 3.1% 2% 0.3% 9.8% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 0.4%
NEXT SBS News 12–13 Jul 1,001 ±3.1%p 25.1% 12% 3.8% 1.4% - 24.5% 3.2% 4.2% 1.9% 2.2%
2.7%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.2%
  • Kim Du-kwan 0.3%
  • Others 0.4%
 19% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 0.6%
Jowon C&I Straight News 10–12 Jul 1,000 ±3.1%p 27.4% 16.4% 5% 2.8% 1.1% 28.9% 3.6% 4.8% 2.6% 2.7% '1.9% 2.9% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 1.5%
WinG Korea Asia Business 10–11 Jul 1,011 ±3.1%p 25.8% 16.4% 4.7% 3% 1.3% 26.4% 4.1% 4.8% 3.2% 2.1%
2.9%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1.3%
  • Ha Tae-kyoung 0.5%
  • Others 1.1%
 5.2% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 0.6%
KSOI TBS 9–10 Jul 1,014 ±3.1%p 26.9% 18.1% 4.2% 1.7% - 29.9% 2.5% 4.1% 4.5% 2.1%
1.9%
  • Sim Sang-jung 0.9%
  • Others 1.0%
 3.9% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 3%
KSOI TBS 6-8 Jul 1,400 ±3.1%p 28.4% 16.2% 3.2% 1.3% 0.3% 28.3% 6.1% 4.2% 3.5% 2.5%
2.0%
  • Others 2.0%
 3.9% 0.1%
National Barometer Survey 5–7 Jul 1,005 ±3.1%p 27% 10% 2% 2% 0% 21% - 4% 2% 2%
4%
  • Sim Sang-jung 2%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1%
  • Hwang Kyo-ahn 0%
  • Others 1%
 26% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 6%
KIR News Phim 5 Jul 1,012 ±3.1%p 29% 11.8% 3.7% 2.4% 0.5% 31.6% 2.4% 4.1% 2.6% 2.4%
4.5%
  • Yoon Hui-sook 1.8%
  • Won Hui-ryong 0.9%
  • Ha Tae-kyoung 0.5%
  • Lee Kwang-jae 0.4%
  • Others 0.9%
 5.1% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 2.6%
Realmeter JTBC 3–4 Jul 1,015 ±3.1%p 26.3% 12.5% 6.4% 1.7% 0.4% 33.9% 2.5% 4.7% 2.3% 1.8%
4.4%
  • Kim Du-kwan 0.4%
  • Won Hui-ryong 0.5%
  • Yoon Hui-sook 2.1%
  • Lee Kwang-jae 0.8%
  • Others 0.6%
 3.2% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 7.6%
PNR Money Today/Mirae Hankook 3 Jul 1,001 ±3.1%p 26.2% 13.7% 4.1% 3.2% 0.8% 36.1% 2.5% 4.6% 2.5% 3.1%
3.1%
  • Sim Sang-jung 0.5%
  • Others 2.6%
 3.2% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 9.9%
KSOI TBS 2–3 Jul 1,002 ±3.1%p 30.3% 12.2% 3.9% 2.6% 0.5% 31.4% 3.2% 3.9% 2.3% 3.1% 1.3% 5.5% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 1.1%
Global Research 30 Jun–2 Jul 1,000 ±3.1%p 26.5% 9.4% 2.4% 1.8% 0.4% 25% 2.4% 3.6% 2.9% 1.8%
2.3%
  • Hwang Kyo-ahn 0.7%
  • Sim Sang-jung 0.6%
  • Others 1.0%
 21.5% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 1.5%
Gallup Korea 29 Jun–1 Jul 1,000 ±3.1%p 24% 6% 2% 2% - 25% 2% 2% - 1% 3% 32% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 1%
National Barometer Survey 28–30 Jun 1,007 ±3.1%p 27% 9% 3% 1% 1% 21% - 3% 2% 3%
6%
  • Hwang Kyo-ahn 1%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1%
  • Lee Kwang-jae 1%
  • Others 2%
 27% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 6%
Jowon C&I Ilyo Shinmun 27–29 Jun 1,046 ±3%p 23.7% 8.4% 4.8% 3.4% 1.3% 34.3% 5.6% 6.1% 2.7% 3.9% 2.4% 3.4% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 10.6%
WinG Korea Asia Business 26–27 Jun 1,009 ±3.1%p 26.6% 9.5% 5.1% 2.2% 0.9% 30.7% 3.3% 5.7% 4.1% 2.7%
3.5%
  • Lee Kwang-jae 1.2%
  • Ma Kyoung-won 1.0%
  • Others 1.3%
 5.5% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 4.1%
PNR Money Today/Mirae Hankook 26 Jun 1,002 ±3.1%p 25.5% 13% 5.5% 2.6% 0.3% 32.7% 3.7% 6.1% 3.1% -
3.2%
  • Sim Sang-jung 0.9%
  • Others 2.3%
 4.5% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 7.2%
KSOI TBS 25–26 Jun 1,004 ±3.1%p 28.4% 11.5% 4.7% - 0.7% 32.4% - 6.4% 3.1% 2.1%
6%
  • Oh Se-hoon 1.5%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.5%
  • Others 3.0%
 4.6% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 4%
24 June 2021 Hong Jun-pyo rejoined the PPP (formerly the United Future Party)[110]
National Barometer Survey 21–23 Jun 1,006 ±3.1%p 27% 7% 2% 2% 0% 20% - 3% 1% 3%
4%
  • Hwang Kyo-ahn 1%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1%
  • Others 2%
 30% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 7%
Realmeter Oh My News 21–22 Jun 2,014 ±2.2%p 22.8% 8.4% 3.9% 3% 0.7% 32.3% 3.6% 4.1% 3% 2.6%
8.9%
  • Oh Se-hoon 3.2%
  • Sim Sang-jung 0.9%
  • Lee Kwang-jae 1.7%
  • Choi Moon-soon 1.0%
  • Ha Tae-kyoung 0.7%
  • Others 1.4%
 6.7% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 9.5%
Realmeter JTBC 19–20 Jun 1,028 ±3.1%p 29.3% 11.5% 3.9% 2.5% 0.6% 32% 3.7% 4.4% 2.4% 2.4%
2.1%
  • Kim Dong-yeon 0.8%
  • Others 1.3%
 5.2% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 2.7%
PNR Money Today/Mirae Hankook 19 Jun 1,003 ±3.1%p 27.2% 13% - 4.7% - 33.9% 4.5% 4.3% - 3.1%
5.2%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.8%
  • Others 3.4%
 4.2% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 6.7%
KSOI TBS 18–19 Jun 1,004 ±3.1%p 25% 12.2% 2.7% - 0.9% 38% - 4% 3.1% 1.7%
7.1%
  • Oh Se-hoon 3.3%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.4%
  • Others 2.4%
 5.5% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 13%
KIR News Phim 18 Jun 1,012 ±3.1%p 27.2% 8.4% - 4% 0.8% 36.7% - 4.7% 2.6% 3.6%
6.7%
  • Won Hui-ryong 0.6%
  • Ha Tae-kyoung 1.3%
  • Lee Kwang-jae 2.1%
  • Kim Du-kwan 1.0%
  • Others 1.7%
 5.4% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 9.5%
National Barometer Survey 14–16 Jun 1,004 ±3.1%p 25% 7% 1% 1% 0% 24% - 2% 1% 3%
3%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1%
  • Hwang Kyo-ahn 0%
  • Lee Kwang-jae 0%
  • Others 1%
 32% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 1%
WinG Korea Asia Business 12–13 Jun 1,017 ±3.1%p 28.3% 10% - 2.1% 1.2% 33.3% 2.7% 3.9% 2.7% 3.2%
4.9%
  • Lee Kwang-jae 1.4%
  • Won Hui-ryong 1.1%
  • Choi Moon-soon 0.5%
  • Others 1.9%
 7.5% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 5%
PNR Money Today/Mirae Hankook 12 Jun 1,003 ±3.1%p 26.2% 12.3% - 2.6% - 39.1% - 5.9% - 2.7%
5.2%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.2%
  • Others 3.7%
 6.3% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 12.9%
KSOI TBS 11–12 Jun 1,007 ±3.1%p 27.7% 12.6% 2.2% 1.8% - 35.5% - 4.1% 1.4% 2.6%
6.8%
  • Oh Se-hoon 2.8%
  • Sim Sang-jung 2.3%
  • Others 1.7%
 7.5% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 7.8%
National Barometer Survey 7–9 Jun 1,010 ±3.1%p 24% 7% 1% 2% 0% 24% - 3% 2% 3%
3%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1%
  • Lee Kwang-jae 1%
  • Hwang Kyo-ahn 0%
  • Won Hui-ryong 0%
  • Others 1%
 30% Tie
KSOI TBS 5–6 Jun 1,009 ±3.1%p 26.1% 10.2% 4% 3.5% - 31.1% - 3.5% 3% 2.5%
6.8%
  • Oh Se-hoon 4.0%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.8%
  • Others 1.9%
 8.3% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 5%
PNR Money Today/Mirae Hankook 5 Jun 1,002 ±3.1%p 25.7% 13.8% - 3.7% - 35.7% - 5.4% 4.1% 2.5%
5.6%
  • Sim Sang-jung 2.0%
  • Others 3.6%
 5.9% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 10%
Gallup Korea 1–3 Jun 1,002 ±3.1%p 24% 5% - 1% - 21% - 2% - 3%
11%
  • Lee Jun-seok 3.0%
  • Oh Se-hoon 2.0%
  • Others 6%
 36% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 3%
National Barometer Survey 31 May–2 Jun 1,008 ±3.1%p 28% 9% 1% 2% 0% 20% - 3% 1% 3%
5%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1%
  • Lee Kwang-jae 1%
  • Hwang Kyo-ahn 2%
  • Won Hui-ryong 0%
  • Kim Boo-kyum 0%
  • Others 1%
 28% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 8%
Jowon C&I Ilyo Shinmun 30 May–1 Jun 1,003 ±3.1%p 26.4% 11.3% - 3% 0.5% 28.7% 3.9% 5.8% 2.1% 3.6%
11.4%
  • Na Kyoung-won 2.6%
  • Sim Sang-jung 1.8%
  • Kim Dong-yeon 1.7%
  • Kim Du-kwan 1.3%
  • Lee Kwang-jae 1.8%
  • Yang Seung-jo 0.8%
  • Won Hui-ryong 0.5%
  • Others 0.9%
 4.1% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 2.3%
For more information, visit the National Election Survey Deliberation Committee

Hypothetical polling

Lee Jae-myung vs. Yoon Seok-youl

Polling firm / Client Fieldwork
date 		Sample
size 		Margin of
error 		Lee Jae-myung Yoon Seok-youl Others/
Undecided 		Lead
class="unsortable" style="background-color: Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color" | class="unsortable" style="background-color: Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color" |
RnSearch Gyeonggi Shinmun 3-4 Sep 1,017 ±3.1%p 34.3% 37.0% 28.7% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 2.7%
National Barometer Survey 30 Aug-1 Sep 1,012 ±3.1%p 42% 35% 23% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 7%
RnSearch Gyeonggi Shinmun 25-26 Aug 1,010 ±3.1%p 34.1% 38.8% 27.0% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 4.7%
National Barometer Survey 23-25 Aug 1,004 ±3.1%p 40% 34% 27% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 6%
Realmeter Oh My News 23-24 Aug 2,015 ±2.2%p 36.3% 42.5% 21.2% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 6.2%
Jowon C&I Straight News 21-23 Aug 1,004 ±3.1%p 35.6% 41.7% 22.6% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 6.1%
Hangil Research Polinews 21-23 Aug 1,004 ±3.1%p 37.0% 42.6% 20.5% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 5.6%
Realmeter JTBC 21-22 Aug 1,004 ±3.1%p 39.4% 42.6% 18.0% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 3.2%
Gallup Korea 17-19 Aug 1,001 ±3.1%p 46% 34% 19% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 12%
National Barometer Survey 16-18 Aug 1,010 ±3.1%p 43% 35% 23% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 8%
Korea Research International MBC News 16-17 Aug 1,002 ±3.1%p 44.7% 35.3% 19.9% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 9.4%
Next Research SBS News 13–14 Aug 1,004 ±3.1%p 36.9% 35.4% 27.6% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 1.5%
Hankook Research KBS News 12–14 Aug 1,000 ±3.1%p 44.2% 36.9% 18.9% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 7.3%
National Barometer Survey 9-11 Aug 1,017 ±3.1%p 41% 33% 27% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 8%
PNR New Daily 10 Aug 1,011 ±3.1%p 35.4% 42.4% 22.2% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 7%
Realmeter Oh My News 9-10 Aug 2,031 ±2.2%p 35.9% 42.1% 22.0% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 6.2%
Jowon C&I Straight News 7-9 Aug 1,003 ±3.1%p 38.1% 38.4% 23.6% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 0.3%
WinG Korea Asia Business 7-8 Aug 1,006 ±3.1%p 41.8% 41.3% 16.9% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 0.5%
National Barometer Survey 2-4 Aug 1,003 ±3.1%p 42% 35% 23% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 7%
Jowon C&I Ilyo Shinmun 1-3 Aug 1,000 ±3.1%p 35.7% 42.5% 21.9% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 6.8%
Realmeter News the One 28-29 Jul 1,003 ±3.1%p 36.1% 46.6% 17.3% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 10.5%
RnSearch MBN/Maeil Business 26-28 Jul 1,102 ±3%p 34.6% 38.3% 27.2% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 3.7%
Jowon C&I Straight News 24–26 Jul 1,001 ±3.1%p 38% 40.2% 21.8% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 2.2%
Hangil Research Kukinews 24–26 Jul 1,006 ±3.1%p 36.9% 41.1% 21.9% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 4.2%
National Barometer Survey 19–21 Jul 1,003 ±3.1%p 46% 33% 20% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 13%
KRi MBC News 17–18 Jul 1,015 ±3.1%p 43% 41% 16% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 2%
Realmeter JTBC 17–18 Jul 1,000 ±3.1%p 44% 34.9% 18.6% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 9.1%
Realmeter Seoul Shinmun 12–14 Jul 1,208 ±2.83%p 48.9% 43% 8.1% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 5.9%
RnSearch MBN/Maeil Business 12–14 Jul 1,060 ±3%p 33.7% 37.9% 28.4% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 4.2%
Realmeter Oh My News 12–13 Jul 2,036 ±2.2%p 38.6% 39.4% 22% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 0.8%
NEXT SBS News 12–13 Jul 1,001 ±3.1%p 36.9% 34% 29.1% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 2.9%
Hangil Research Kukinews 10–12 Jul 1,001 ±3.1%p 43.9% 36% 20.1% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 7.9%
WinG Korea Asia Business 10–11 Jul 1,011 ±3.1%p 41.5% 42.2% 16.3% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 0.7%
National Barometer Survey 5–7 Jul 1,005 ±3.1%p 43% 33% 24% style="background:Template:Democratic Party of Korea/meta/color; color:white" | 9%
Realmeter JTBC 3–4 Jul 1,015 ±3.1%p 39.4% 43.6% 17% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 4.2%
PNR Money Today/Mirae Hankook 3 Jul 1,001 ±3.1%p 41.8% 49.8% 9.4% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 8%
RnSearch MBN/Maeil Business 28–30 Jun 1,000 ±3%p 34.7% 41.4% 24.9% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 6.7%
Jowon C&I Ilyo Shinmun 27–29 Jun 1,000 ±3.1%p 33.1% 44.9% 22.1% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 11.8%
WinG Korea Asia Business 26–27 Jun 1,009 ±3.1%p 40.5% 48.7% 10.8% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 8.2%
PNR Money Today/Mirae Hankook 26 Jun 1,002 ±3.1%p 40.5% 50.5% 9% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 10%
Realmeter Oh My News 21–22 Jun 2,014 ±2.2%p 35.1% 47.7% 17.3% style="background:Template:People Power Party (South Korea)/meta/color; color:white" | 12.6%
For more information, visit the National Election Survey Deliberation Committee

Campaign

Negative campaigning and candidate unpopularity

During the primary campaign, observers noted that the presidential campaign was going down as the most negative campaign in South Korea's recent history, as the candidates were described to be busy mudslinging at each other and not competing on the basis of values, platforms or policies.

A Hankyoreh commentary said PPP candidates like Yoo Seong-min, Won Hee-ryong, and Choi Jae-hyung, and Lee Nak-yeon and Chung Sye-kyun on the Democratic side struggled in their respective party primaries as they were too "elite" and too "respectable". The commentary also attributed to the success of Lee Jae-myung, the Democratic candidate, and Hong Jun-pyo and Yoon Seok-youl on the PPP side due to the increasing tendency to vote with the heart instead of the brain.[111] A Voice of America article reported that South Korea's lax media editorial standards was responsible for playing a role in allowing unsubstantiated allegations being spread. This environment, added with complications by social media, which has fractured the media landscape and sharpened political divides (political polarization) has led to allowing the loudest and most divisive voices to emerge at the top (an example of such a phenomenon was cited as Donald Trump’s victory over Hillary Clinton, in the 2016 U.S. election campaign).[112]

By October,[112]

  • Yoon Seok-youl (PPP), in addition to his controversial remarks and being accused of preparing premeditated criminal charges on figures related to the Moon government on behalf of the PPP opposition in 2020 as prosecutor general, was dogged by accusations of relying on shamanism and superstition. At a debate with primary candidates he was forced to deny meeting with an unlicensed religious medical practitioner specialising in anal acupuncture. However he ended up defending the teachings of a mystic who claimed he could travel between dimensions.
  • At a primary debate earlier in 2021, Lee Jae-myung, Democratic Party candidate, who was alleged to have a past extramarital affair with a well-known actress who had described seeing a distinctive mole on his genitals, offered to pull down his pants to disprove the allegation. Towards the end of the primary campaign, Lee faced questions of whether he knew or was involved in a real estate corruption scandal that took place during his time as mayor of Seongnam and also speculation on whether he gained certain favors to help those involved profit from the scandal. He was also reported to have a past drink driving record and use of abusive language. [113]
  • As for candidate Hong Jun-pyo, he described himself as a strongman leader comparing himself to US President Donald Trump and China's leader Xi Jinping, and was called "Hong Trump" due to his offensive and colourful remarks. He was criticized for writing in a 2005 book that he helped his friend obtain a “pig stimulant” to commit date rape on a woman when he was a 18 year old college student (this controversy first emerged in his 2017 presidential run). In his 2017 campaign, he said dish-washing in the house was a woman's job.[113]

The three main contenders, Lee for the Democratic Party, and Hong Jun-pyo and Yoon on the PPP side, were reported to have record low favorability ratings according to approval ratings compiled by Gallup Korea. Lee, has an approval rating of only 34%, while Yoon's rating was at just 30% and Hong Joon-pyo, at 28%. In contrast, President Moon Jae-in had a positive favorablity rating of 47% while running for election in 2017.[112]

A later poll in the second half of October showed that Lee's rating fell to 32%, while Yoon's rating fell to 28% (after the Chun Doo-hwan controversy) and falling behind Hong who was polled at 31%. The same pollster revealed that minor party candidates fared even worse: Sim Sang-jung from the Justice Party had 24 percent support approval against 62 percent disapproval, and Ahn Cheol-soo, leader of the People Party, had a 19 percent approval rating with 72 percent disapproval.[113]

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